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So, when the leader of the Hagarenes heard these things, he was captivated by that teacher and wished to come to see and hear him; and having written a letter to the man, urging him to come and share his wisdom with him, he sent it by means of the captive, whom he had received with honor. But when the letter was delivered to him, fearing lest he might be accused of receiving a letter from enemies, he handed the letter over to the Logothete of the Drome and presented the captive, and he explained the matter. From this, the philosopher Leo became known 402 to Theophilos and was well-treated and encouraged to teach publicly, and then he was also ordained archbishop of Thessalonica. When Theophilos died, however, and the iconoclast archbishops were subjected to deposition, this Leo was also deposed with them, because he did not render honor to the holy icons. So Bardas, having found him at leisure, placed him over the other teachers and thus caused learning to flourish again, and before long brought it to a state of progress. And he also caused the civil laws to be revived, by attending the law courts himself, since knowledge of these had by now almost entirely disappeared. Thus, Bardas's zeal for the sciences and learning was praiseworthy, but his other deeds were very blameworthy and despicable. For when the holy Methodios had guided the church for *** years and had passed on to the eternal mansions, the monk Ignatios became head of the church, who was the grandson of Nike 403 phoros the emperor, the former general logothete, and the son of emperor Michael Rhangabe, and after the fall of his father from the throne, having been made a eunuch by Leo, he was tonsured and for a long time tamed his flesh with ascetic labors, whom the empress Theodora, who was directing the affairs of the empire, raised to the archiepiscopal throne of Constantinople. This holy man, therefore, prevented Caesar Bardas, who had dismissed his wife without cause and was said to be having an affair with his own daughter-in-law, from entering the sacred precincts. And on account of this, he removed the archbishop from the church and after mistreating him severely, finally shut him in a tomb. Then, having taken him from there, he exiled him to the island of Mitylene. And he did not treat only him this way, but also many other archbishops, as many as had voted with Ignatios in excommunicating him. And he appointed as patriarch Photios, a man from a distinguished family, at that time serving as protoasecretis, and most renowned in letters. And since legates of the Pope of Rome also happened to be present, having been sent against the icono 404 clasts, Bardas persuaded them also to adopt his opinion. And so, having assembled in the church of the Holy Apostles, they brought the most holy Ignatios from exile and subjected him to deposition. And these things happened in this way. The nation of the Rus', being a Scythian nation from the peoples around the Taurus, with a fleet overran the areas of the Euxine Sea and was contemplating an attack on Byzantium itself. But their plan was not put into action, as Providence from above prevented it, which also arranged for them to depart unwillingly and without success, or rather, having experienced divine wrath. But also the Hagarenes from Crete were plundering the Cyclades islands and the coastal regions. And very violent earthquakes occurred, the most terrible of which shook the earth on the day of our Savior's Ascension. But none of these things drew Michael away from the chariot races and his enthusiasm for them, as he himself participated in the horse 405 manship in the location near the Stenos called Saint Mamas. For this reason he also abolished the beacons, which the emperors of old had devised, so that the men of Hagar, invading the lands of the Romans, might not suddenly plunder what was at hand and take the people captive. For these reasons they had built a fortress in Tarsus on a certain high hill, called Loulon, and those in it would light a torch whenever they knew of an Ishmaelite raid, and seeing it, those on Mount Argaios would make another torch, and those at Isamos another, for those

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τοίνυν ἀκούσας ταῦτα ὁ τῶν Ἀγαρηνῶν ἀρχηγὸς ἑάλω τοῦ διδασκάλου ἐκείνου καὶ ἤθελεν ἐλθεῖν εἰς θέαν τούτου καὶ εἰς ἀκρόασιν· καὶ ἐγχαράξας ἐπιστολὴν πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα παρακαλοῦσαν ἀφικέσθαι καὶ μεταδοῦναι αὐτῷ τῆς σοφίας αὐτοῦ, διὰ τοῦ αἰχμαλώτου στέλλει αὐτήν, φιλοτίμως τοῦτον δεξιωσάμενος. ὡς δέ οἱ ἐκεκόμιστο ἡ γραφή, δείσας μὴ αἰτιαθείη ὡς γράμμα δεξάμενος ἐξ ἐχθρῶν, τῷ λογοθέτῃ τοῦ δρόμου ἐγχειρίζει τὸ ἐπιστόλιον καὶ παρίστησι τὸν αἰχμάλωτον, κἀκεῖνος τὴν ὑπόθεσιν διηγήσατο. ἐντεῦθεν γνώριμος 402 ὁ φιλόσοφος Λέων τῷ Θεοφίλῳ ἐγένετο καὶ εὐεργετεῖται καὶ δημοσίᾳ διδάσκειν προτρέπεται, εἶτα καὶ ἀρχιερεὺς χειροτονεῖται Θεσσαλονίκης. θανόντος μέντοι τοῦ Θεοφίλου, καὶ τῶν εἰκονομάχων ἀρχιερέων καθαιρέσει ὑποβληθέντων, καὶ ὁ Λέων οὑτοσὶ συγκαθῄρητο, ὅτι μὴ τιμὴν ταῖς θείαις εἰκόσιν ἀπένεμε. τοῦτον οὖν ὁ Βάρδας σχολάζοντα εὑρηκὼς τῶν λοιπῶν διδασκάλων ἐπέκεινα ἔταξε καὶ οὕτως ἀναθηλῆσαι τοὺς λόγους ἐποίησε, καὶ εἰς ἐπίδοσιν προήνεγκεν οὐ διὰ μακροῦ. καὶ τοὺς νόμου δὲ τοὺς πολιτικοὺς ἀνηβῆσαι πεποίηκε, φοιτῶν αὐτὸς εἰς τὰ δικαστήρια, ἤδη καὶ τῆς τούτων γνώσεως σχεδὸν ἐκλελοιπυίας παντάπασιν. Ἡ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὰς ἐπιστήμας καὶ τὰ μαθήματα τοῦ Βάρδα σπουδὴ ἀξιέπαινος, τὰ δ' ἄλλα καὶ λίαν ψεκτὰ καὶ κατάπτυστα. τοῦ γὰρ ἱεροῦ Μεθοδίου ἔτη τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἰθύναντος *** καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀϊδίους μεταστάντος μονάς, ὁ μοναχὸς Ἰγνάτιος τῆς ἐκκλησίας προέστη, ὃς θυγατριδὴς μὲν ἦν Νικη403 φόρου τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ ἀπὸ γενικῶν, υἱὸς δὲ Μιχαὴλ βασιλέως τοῦ Ῥαγγαβέ, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς βασιλείας ἀπόπτωσιν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ παρὰ τοῦ Λέοντος ἐκτομίας γενόμενος, ἐκείρατό τε τὴν τρίχα καὶ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἀσκητικοῖς ἱδρῶσι τὸ σαρκίον ἐδάμασεν, ὃν ἡ βασιλὶς Θεοδώρα τὰ τῆς βασιλείας ἰθύνουσα εἰς τὸν ἀρχιερατικὸν τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως ἀνήγαγε θρόνον. οὗτος τοίνυν ὁ θεῖος τὸν Καίσαρα Βάρδαν τὴν γαμετὴν ἀναιτίως ἀποπεμψάμενον, συμφθείρεσθαι δὲ λεγόμενον τῇ νύμφῃ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ, τῶν ἱερῶν ἐπιβῆναι περιβόλων ἐκώλυεν. ὁ δὲ διὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἐκκλησίας μεθίστησι τὸν ἀρχιερέα καὶ πολλὰ κακώσας τέλος ἐγκλείει τάφῳ. εἶτ' ἐκεῖθεν ἐξενεγκὼν εἰς Μιτυλήνην τὴν νῆσον ὑπερορίζει. καὶ οὐ τοῦτον μόνον οὕτω διέθετο, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλείους ἄλλους τῶν ἀρχιερέων, ὅσοι τῷ Ἰγνατίῳ γεγόνασι σύμψηφοι αὐτὸν ἀφορίσαντι· προχειρίζεται δὲ πατριάρχην τὸν Φώτιον, ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπισήμων πρωτοασηκρῆτις τότε τυγχάνοντα καὶ ἐν λόγοις ὀνομαστότατον. ὡς δ' ἔτυχε παρεῖναι καὶ τοποτηρητὰς τοῦ πάπα Ῥώμης κατὰ τῶν εἰκονο404 μάχων σταλέντας, κἀκείνους ὁ Βάρδας πείθει τῆς ἑαυτοῦ γενέσθαι γνώμης. ἐν γοῦν τῷ τῶν ἁγίων ἀποστόλων ναῷ ἀθροισθέντες ἄγουσι καὶ τὸν ἱερώτατον Ἰγνάτιον ἐκ τῆς ὑπερορίας καὶ ποιοῦνται τοῦτον ὑπὸ καθαίρεσιν. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ὧδέ πῃ συμβέβηκε. Τὸ δ' ἔθνος τῶν Ῥῶς Σκυθικὸν ὂν τῶν περὶ τὸν Ταῦρον ἐθνῶν στόλῳ τὰ τοῦ Εὐξείνου πόντου κατέτρεχε καὶ αὐτῇ Βυζαντίδι ἐπιέναι διεμελέτα. ἀλλ' οὐκ εἰς ἔργον ἤχθη σφίσι τὸ βούλευμα, κωλυσάσης τοῦτο τῆς προνοίας τῆς ἄνωθεν, ἣ καὶ ἄκοντας αὐτοὺς ἀπράκτους, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ θείου πειραθέντας μηνίματος, ἀπελθεῖν ᾠκονόμησεν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἐκ Κρήτης Ἀγαρηνοὶ τὰς Κυκλάδας νήσους καὶ τὰ παράλια ἐληίζοντο. καὶ κλόνοι δὲ σφοδρότατοι τῆς γῆς συμβεβήκασιν, ὧν ὁ φρικωδέστατος κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὴν γῆν συνέσεισεν ἀναλήψεως. τούτων δ' οὐδὲν τῶν ἱππηλάτων ἀγώνων ἀπήγαγε τὸν Μιχαὴλ καὶ τῆς περὶ τούτους σπουδῆς, ἐν τῇ κατὰ τὸ Στενὸν τοποθεσίᾳ τῇ τοῦ ἁγίου Μάμαντος καλουμένῃ αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου αὐτουργοῦντος τὰ ἱππη405 λάσια. ὅθεν καὶ τοὺς φρυκτοὺς ἔπαυσεν, οὓς οἱ πάλαι βασιλεῖς ἐπενόησαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀθρόον οἱ ἐκ τῆς Ἄγαρ ταῖς χάραις τῶν Ῥωμαίων εἰσβάλλοντες ληίζωνται τὰ ἐν ποσὶ καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους αἰχμαλωτίζωσι. διὰ ταῦτα ἐν τῇ Ταρσῷ ἐπὶ λόφου μετεώρου τινὸς ἐδομήσαντο φρούριον, Λοῦλον κεκλημένον, καὶ οἱ ἐν τούτῳ πυρσὸν ἀνῆπτον, ἡνίκα ἔγνων ἐπιδρομὴν Ἰσμαηλιτῶν, ὃν ὁρῶντες οἱ ἐν τῷ Ἀργαίῳ βουνῷ ἄλλον ἐποίουν πυρσόν, καὶ οἱ κατὰ τὸν Ἴσαμον ἕτερον, τοῖς