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ends in passion, and terminates in insensibility, and the destruction of the drunkard himself; but here the harm passes on to countless souls, kindling various wars from every side. Come then, let us compare this man with that one, and let us see in what respects he shares with him, and in what respects he surpasses him again, and let us make today a comparison of drunkards. For let these men no longer be compared to that blessed one who lives by the Spirit, but let them be examined in comparison with one another; and again let us bring to the center the table 60.522 that is full of countless murders. In what respects, then, do they share, and resemble one another? In the very nature of the disease; for the form of the drunkenness is different, since one comes from wine, and the other from money; but the passion is similar; for both are alike possessed by an unseemly desire. For he who is drunk with wine, the more cups he drinks, the more he desires; and he who loves money, the more he acquires, the more he kindles the flame of his desire, and makes his thirst more severe for himself. In this, then, they are alike; but in another respect, again, the covetous man has the advantage. In what respect, then? Because that one suffers a thing according to nature; for wine, being hot, and increasing the innate dryness, thus makes drunkards thirsty; but from where does this one always desire more? From where? When he becomes richer, then he is most in poverty; for this passion is inexplicable, and is more like a riddle. But let us see them, if you please, also after their drunkenness; or rather, it is never possible to see the covetous man after his drunkenness; so constantly is he in a state of being drunk. Therefore, let us look at them both while they are in the state of being drunk, and let us consider who is more ridiculous, and let us sketch them accurately again. We shall see, then, the man who is delirious from wine, when evening has come, with his eyes open seeing no one, but being carried about simply and at random, and bumping into those he meets, and vomiting and convulsing and being shamefully stripped naked; and if his wife is present, or his daughter, or a maidservant, or anyone at all, they will laugh heartily. Therefore, let us also bring the greedy man into the middle. For here what happens is a matter not only of laughter, but also of curses and great anger and countless thunderbolts; for the time being, however, let us look at the laughter. For this man also, like that one, is ignorant of all, both friends and enemies, and is likewise blind with his eyes open, and just as that one sees everything as wine, so this one sees everything as money. And his vomit is much more grievous; for he does not send forth food, but words of reproach, insults, wars, deaths, drawing down countless thunderbolts from above upon his own head; and as the body of the drunkard is livid and dissolute, so also is that man's soul; or rather, not even his body itself is free from this disease, but is even more captured by it, as care and anger and sleeplessness, worse than wine, consume it, and little by little waste it all away. And he who is possessed by drunkenness from wine, can at least be sober during the night; but this man is perpetually drunk, both by day and by night, both waking and sleeping, paying a greater penalty than any prisoner and those who work in the mines, and if there is any other punishment more severe than this. 11. Is this, tell me, life, and not death, or rather, even more pitiable than any death? For death gives rest to the body, and delivers it from laughter and shame and sins; but these drunkennesses cast one into all these things, stopping up the ears, blinding the eyes, keeping the mind in great darkness. For he endures neither to hear nor to speak of anything else but interest and interest on interest, and shameless gains, and hateful retail trades, and illiberal and servile business, like a dog barking at everyone, hating everyone, turning away from everyone, 60.523 warring with everyone for no underlying cause, rising up against the poor, envying the rich, being pleasant toward no one. And if he has a wife, or children,

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πάθους ἵσταται, καὶ εἰς ἀναισθησίαν τελευτᾷ, καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ μεθύοντος ἀπώλειαν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ εἰς μυρίας ἡ βλάβη διαβαίνει ψυχὰς, ποικίλους πάντοθεν ἀνάπτουσα πολέμους. Φέρε οὖν, καὶ τοῦτον ἐκείνῳ παραβάλωμεν, καὶ ἴδωμεν ἐν τίσι μὲν αὐτῷ κοινωνεῖ, ἐν τίσι δὲ αὐτοῦ πλεονεκτεῖ πάλιν, καὶ μεθυόντων ποιήσωμεν σήμερον σύγκρισιν. Πρὸς γὰρ ἐκεῖνον τὸν μακάριον, τὸν Πνεύματι ζῶντα, μηδὲ παραβαλέσθωσαν οὗτοι λοιπὸν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐξεταζέσθωσαν· καὶ πάλιν τὴν τράπε 60.522 ζαν εἰς μέσον ἀγάγωμεν, τὴν μυρίων γέμουσαν φόνων. Ἐν τίσιν οὖν κοινωνοῦσι, καὶ ἀλλήλοις ἐοίκασιν; Ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ τοῦ νοσήματος φύσει· τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἶδος τῆς μέθης διάφορον, ἐπειδὴ τὸ μὲν ἐξ οἴνου, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ χρημάτων γίνεται· τὸ δὲ πάθος ὅμοιον· καὶ γὰρ ὁμοίως ἀμφότεροι ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἀτόπῳ κατέχονται. Ὅ τε γὰρ οἴνῳ μεθύων, ὅσῳ ἂν πλείους ἐκπίῃ κύλικας, τοσούτῳ πλειόνων ἐφίεται· ὅ τε χρημάτων ἐρῶν, ὅσῳπερ ἂν περιβάληται πλείω, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον ἀνάπτει τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τὴν φλόγα, καὶ χαλεπώτερον αὑτῷ κατασκευάζει τὸ δίψος. Τούτῳ μὲν οὖν ἐοίκασιν· ἑτέρῳ δ' αὖ πάλιν ὁ φιλάργυρος πλεονεκτεῖ. Ποίῳ δὴ τούτῳ; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνος μὲν πρᾶγμα πάσχει κατὰ φύσιν· ὁ γὰρ οἶνος θερμὸς ὢν, καὶ τὴν ἔμφυτον ἐπιτείνων ξηρότητα, οὕτω τοὺς μεθύοντας ποιεῖ διψῇν· ἐκεῖνος δὲ πόθεν ἀεὶ πλειόνων ἐφίεται; Πόθεν; Ἐπειδὰν μειζόνως πλουτήσῃ, τότε μάλιστά ἐστιν ἐν πενίᾳ· ἄπορον γὰρ τουτὶ τὸ πάθος, καὶ αἰνίγματι μᾶλλόν ἐστιν ἐοικός. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν αὐτοὺς, εἰ δοκεῖ, καὶ μετὰ τὴν μέθην· μᾶλλον δὲ τὸν φιλάργυρον οὐδέποτε ἔστιν ἰδεῖν μετὰ τὴν μέθην· οὕτως ἐν τῷ μεθύειν ἐστὶν ἀεί. Οὐκοῦν ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ μεθύειν ὄντας ἀμφοτέρους ἴδωμεν, καὶ διασκεψώμεθα τίς μᾶλλόν ἐστι καταγέλαστος, καὶ σχηματίσωμεν αὐτοὺς ἀκριβῶς πάλιν ὑπογράφοντες. Ὀψόμεθα τοίνυν τὸν ἐξ οἴνου παραπαίοντα, γενομένης ἑσπέρας, τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἀνεῳγμένων οὐδένα βλέποντα, ἀλλὰ ἁπλῶς καὶ εἰκῆ περιφερόμενον, καὶ τοῖς ἀπαντῶσιν ἐγκρούοντα, καὶ ἐμοῦντα καὶ σπαραττόμενον καὶ γυμνούμενον ἀσχημόνως· κἂν γυνὴ παρῇ, κἂν θυγάτηρ, κἂν θεραπαινὶς, κἂν ὁστισοῦν, ἐγγελάσεται δαψιλές. Οὐκοῦν καὶ τὸν πλεονέκτην φέρε εἰς μέσον ἀγάγωμεν. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ οὐ γέλωτος τὰ γινόμενα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀρᾶς καὶ πολλοῦ τοῦ θυμοῦ καὶ μυρίων σκηπτῶν· τέως μέντοι τὸν γέλωτα ἴδωμεν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτος ὁμοίως ἐκείνῳ πάντας ἀγνοεῖ, καὶ φίλους καὶ ἐχθροὺς, καὶ ὁμοίως τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἀνεῳγμένων πεπήρωται, καὶ ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος πάντα οἶνον, οὕτω καὶ οὗτος πάντα χρήματα βλέπει. Καὶ ὁ ἔμετος δὲ πολὺ χαλεπώτερος· οὐ γὰρ τροφὰς προΐεται, ἀλλὰ ῥήματα λοιδορίας, ὕβρεων, πολέμων, θανάτων, μυρίους ἄνωθεν κατὰ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ κεφαλῆς ἕλκοντα κεραυνούς· καὶ οἷόν ἐστι τὸ σῶμα τοῦ μεθύοντος πελιδνὸν καὶ διαῤῥέον, τοιαύτη καὶ ἡ ἐκείνου ψυχή· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ τὸ σῶμα αὐτὸ τῆς νόσου ταύτης ἀπήλλακται, ἀλλὰ καὶ μᾶλλον ἁλίσκεται, οἴνου χαλεπώτερον τῆς φροντίδος καὶ τοῦ θυμοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀγρυπνίας κατεσθιούσης αὐτὸ, καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν δαπανώσης ἅπαν. Καὶ ὁ μὲν οἰνοφλυγίᾳ κατεχόμενος, κἂν κατὰ τὴν νύκτα δύναται νήφειν· ὁ δὲ διαπαντὸς μεθύει, καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἐν νυκτὶ, καὶ ἐγρηγορὼς καὶ καθεύδων, δεσμώτου παντὸς καὶ τῶν τὰ μέταλλα ἐργαζομένων, καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρα ταύτης ἐστὶ χαλεπωτέρα τιμωρία, μείζονα διδοὺς δίκην. ιαʹ. Τοῦτο οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, ζωὴ, ἀλλ' οὐ θάνατος, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ θανάτου παντὸς ἐλεεινότερον; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ θάνατος ἀναπαύει τὸ σῶμα, καὶ γέλωτος καὶ ἀσχημοσύνης καὶ ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπαλλάττει· αὗται δὲ αἱ μέθαι εἰς πάντα ταῦτα ἐμβάλλουσι, τὰς ἀκοὰς ἐμφράττουσαι, τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς πηροῦσαι, τὴν διάνοιαν ἐν πολλῷ τῷ σκότῳ κατέχουσαι. Οὔτε γὰρ ἀκοῦσαι, οὔτε εἰπεῖν ἕτερόν τι ἀνέχεται, ἀλλ' ἢ τόκους καὶ τόκους τόκων, καὶ ἀναίσχυντα κέρδη, καὶ καπηλείας μεμισημένας, καὶ πραγματείας ἀνελευθέρους καὶ δουλοπρεπεῖς, καθάπερ κύων πρὸς ἅπαντας ὑλακτῶν, πάντας μισῶν, πάντας ἀποστρεφό 60.523 μενος, πολεμῶν ἅπασιν οὐδεμιᾶς ὑποκειμένης αἰτίας, πενήτων κατεξανιστάμενος, τοῖς πλουτοῦσι βασκαίνων, πρὸς οὐδένα ἡδέως ἔχων. Κἂν γυναῖκα ἔχῃ, κἂν παιδία,