110

to journey through to Syria; but fearing the dominion of the Assyrians—for at that time they held sway over Asia—in what is now called Judaea having built a city sufficient for so many thousands of men, they named it Jerusalem.” 10.13.11 Next to these things, having enumerated the succession of the kings in Egypt along with the time of their reign, he adds: “So says Manetho. But it is clear, from the calculation of the time from the years mentioned, that the so-called shepherds, who were our ancestors, three hundred and ninety-three years before Danaus arrived at Argos, departed from Egypt and inhabited this land; and yet the Argives consider him 10.13.12 most ancient. Manetho has therefore testified to two very great things for us from the Egyptian records: first, their arrival in Egypt from another place, and then their departure from there at a time so ancient as to precede the Trojan times by nearly a thousand years.” 10.13.13 But the things from the Egyptian history have been related at length in this way by Josephus. And from that of the Phoenicians, using as witnesses those who wrote the Phoenician histories, he shows that the temple in Jerusalem was built by king Solomon one hundred forty-three years and eight months sooner than the Tyrians founded Carthage; then, passing on also from the history of the Chaldeans he sets forth the testimonies concerning the antiquity of the Hebrews.

10.14.1 14. HOW THE TIMES OF THE PHILOSOPHERS AMONG THE GREEKS ARE LATER THAN ALL OF HEBREW HISTORY

But why must we heap up a multitude of proofs, when one who loves truth, and not contention, is satisfied with what has been said, as they contain a varied confirmation concerning the matter at hand? For it was our purpose to show that the writings of Moses and 10.14.2 of the prophets are more ancient than those of the Greeks. Since, therefore, it has been shown that Moses lived long before the Trojan war, come, let us consider also all those after him. And that Moses, of the truly ancient Hebrews, both Eber and Abraham, from whom the cognomen was given to the men, and of the other God-beloved and ancient men, appeared latest in time 10.14.3 in his life, is clear from the history concerning him. After Moses, therefore, Joshua led the nation of the Jews, as some say, for 30 years; then, as the scripture says, foreigners ruled for eight years. Then Othniel for fifty years. After him Eglon, king of Moab, for 18 years. After him Ehud for 80 years. After him again foreigners for 20 years. Then Deborah and Barak for 40 years; then Midianites for 7 years; then Gideon for 40 years; Abimelech for three years; Tola for 23; Jair for 22; Ammonites for 18; Jephthah for 6 years; Ibzan for 7 years; Elon for 10 years; Abdon for 8 years; foreigners for 40 years; Samson for 20 years; then Eli the priest, according to the Hebrew, for 40 years; around whose time it happens that the capture of Ilium takes 10.14.4 place. And after Eli the priest, Samuel leads the people. After whom Saul reigns as their first king for 40 years; then David for 40 years; then Solomon for 40 years; who also was the first to build the temple in Jerusalem. And after Solomon, Rehoboam reigns for 17 years; Abijah for 3 years; Asa for 41 years; Jehoshaphat for 25 years; Joram for 8 years; Ahaziah for 1 year; Athaliah 10.14.5 for 7 years; Joash for 40 years; Amaziah for 29 years; Uzziah for 52 years; in whose time prophesy Hosea, Amos, Isaiah, Jonah; and after Uzziah, Jotham reigns for 16 years; after whom Ahaz for 16 years; in his time the first 10.14.6 Olympiad was held, in which Coroebus of Elis was victor in the stadium-race; and Hezekiah succeeds Ahaz for 29 years; in whose time Romulus founded Rome and became king. And after Hezekiah, Manasseh reigns for 55 years; then Amon for 2 years; then Josiah for 31 years; in whose time prophesy

110

εἰς Συρίαν διοδοιπορῆσαι· φοβουμένους δὲ τὴν Ἀσσυρίων δυναστείαν τότε γὰρ ἐκείνους τῆς Ἀσίας κρατεῖν ἐν τῇ νῦν Ἰουδαίᾳ καλουμένῃ πόλιν οἰκοδομησαμένους τοσαύταις μυριάσιν ἀνθρώπων ἀρκέσουσαν, Ἱεροσόλυμα ταύτην ὀνομάσαι.» 10.13.11 Τούτοις ἑξῆς τὴν διαδοχὴν τῶν κατ' Αἴγυπτον βασιλέων μετὰ τοῦ χρόνου τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτῶν ἀπαριθμησάμενος ἐπιλέγει· «Ταῦτα μὲν ὁ Μάνεθως. δῆλον δέ ἐστιν, ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων ἐτῶν τοῦ χρόνου συλλογισθέντος, ὅτι οἱ καλούμενοι ποιμένες, ἡμέτεροι δὲ πρόγονοι, τρισὶ καὶ ἐνενήκοντα καὶ τριακοσίοις πρόσθεν ἔτεσιν ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου ἀπαλλαγέντες τὴν χώραν ταύτην ἐπῴκησαν ἢ ∆αναὸν εἰς Ἄργος ἀφικέσθαι· καίτοι τοῦτον 10.13.12 ἀρχαιότατον Ἀργεῖοι νομίζουσι. δύο τοίνυν ὁ Μάνεθως ἡμῖν τὰ μέγιστα μεμαρτύρηκεν ἐκ τῶν παρὰ τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις γραμμάτων· πρῶτον μὲν τὴν ἑτέρωθεν ἄφιξιν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ἔπειτα δὲ τὴν ἐκεῖθεν ἀπαλλαγὴν οὕτως ἀρχαίαν τοῖς χρόνοις ὡς ἐγγύς που προτερεῖν αὐτὴν τῶν Ἰλιακῶν ἔτεσι χιλίοις.» 10.13.13 Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς Αἰγυπτιακῆς ἱστορίας ταύτη πη τῷ Ἰωσήπῳ κατὰ πλάτος ἀνιστόρηται. ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Φοινίκων, μάρτυσι χρησάμενος τοῖς τὰ Φοινικικὰ συγγραψαμένοις, παρίστησι τὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις νεὼν ὑπὸ Σολομῶνος τοῦ βασιλέως ᾠκοδομῆσθαι ἔτεσι θᾶττον ἑκατὸν τεσσαράκοντα τρισὶ καὶ μησὶν ὀκτὼ τοῦ κτίσαι Τυρίους Καρχηδόνα· εἶτα μεταβὰς καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ Χαλδαίων ἱστορίας τὰς περὶ τῆς Ἑβραίων ἀρχαιότητος παρατίθεται μαρτυρίας.

10.14.1 ιδʹ. ΩΣ ΑΠΑΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡ' ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΙ ΤΥΓΧΑΝΟΥΣΙ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΡ' ΕΛΛΗΣΙ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΩΝ ΟΙ ΧΡΟΝΟΙ

Ἀλλὰ τί δεῖ πλῆθος ταῖς ἀποδείξεσιν ἐπισωρεύειν, τοῦ φιλαλήθους, ἀλλὰ μὴ φιλαπεχθήμονος καὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἀρκουμένου ποικίλην περιέχουσι τὴν περὶ τοῦ προκειμένου σύστασιν; προὔκειτο δὲ ἡμῖν τὰ Μωσέως καὶ 10.14.2 τῶν προφητῶν παλαίτερα τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἀποδεῖξαι. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν μακρῷ πρόσθεν τῶν Τρωϊκῶν Μωσῆς γεγονὼς ἀποδέδεικται, φέρ' ἴδωμεν καὶ τοὺς μετ' αὐτὸν ἅπαντας. Μωσῆς δ' ὅτι τῶν πρὶν ἀληθῶς Ἑβραίων, Ἕβερ τε καὶ Ἁβραάμ, ἀφ' ὧν καὶ τὸ παρώνυμον τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐπιτέθειται, τῶν τε λοιπῶν θεοφιλῶν τε καὶ παλαιῶν ἀνδρῶν, ὕστατος τοῖς χρόνοις 10.14.3 παρεφάνη τῷ βίῳ, δῆλον ἀπὸ τῆς κατ' αὐτὸν ἱστορίας τυγχάνει. μετὰ Μωσέα τοίνυν προέστη τοῦ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνους Ἰησοῦς, ὥς τινες, ἔτεσι λʹ· εἶθ', ὥς φησιν ἡ γραφή, ἐκράτησαν ἀλλόφυλοι ἔτεσιν ὀκτώ. ἔπειτα Γοθονιὴλ ἔτεσι πεντήκοντα. μεθ' ὃν Ἐγλώμ, βασιλεὺς Μωάβ, ἔτη ιηʹ. μεθ' ὃν Ἀὼδ ἔτη πʹ. μεθ' ὃν πάλιν ἀλλόφυλοι ἔτη κʹ. ἔπειτα ∆εββώρα καὶ Βαρὰκ ἔτη μʹ· ἔπειτα Μαδιηναῖοι ἔτη ζʹ· ἔπειτα Γεδεὼν ἔτη μʹ· Ἀβιμέλεχ ἔτη τρία· Θωλὰ κγʹ· Ἰαεὶρ κβʹ· Ἀμμανῖται ιηʹ· Ἰεφθάε ἔτη ʹ· Ἐσβὼν ἔτη ζʹ Αἰαλὼν ἔτη ιʹ· Λαβδὼν ἔτη ηʹ· ἀλλόφυλοι ἔτη μʹ· Σαμψὼν ἔτη κʹ· ἔπειτα Ἠλεὶ ἱερεύς, ὡς τὸ Ἑβραϊκόν, ἔτη μʹ· περὶ ὃν συμβαίνει τὴν Ἰλίου καταν10.14.4 τᾶν ἅλωσιν. μετὰ δὲ Ἠλεὶ τὸν ἱερέα ἡγεῖται τοῦ λαοῦ Σαμουήλ. μεθ' ὃν πρῶτος αὐτῶν βασιλεύει Σαοὺλ ἔτεσι μʹ· ἔπειτα ∆αβὶδ ἔτεσι μʹ· ἔπειτα Σολομῶν ἔτεσι μʹ· ὃς καὶ τὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ναὸν ἐδείματο πρῶτος. μετὰ δὲ Σολομῶνα βασιλεύει Ῥοβοὰμ ἔτη ιζʹ· Ἀβιὰ ἔτη γʹ· Ἄσα ἔτημαʹ· Ἰωσαφὰθ ἔτη κεʹ· Ἰωρὰμ ἔτη ηʹ· Ὀχοζίας ἔτος αʹ· Γοθολιὰ10.14.5 ἔτη ζʹ· Ἰωὰς ἔτη μʹ· Ἀμασίας ἔτη κθʹ· Ὀζίας ἔτη νβʹ· καθ' ὃνπροφητεύουσιν Ὠσηέ, Ἀμώς, Ἡσαΐας, Ἰωνᾶς· μετὰ δὲ Ὀζίαν βαλεύει Ἰωάθαμ ἔτη ιʹ· μεθ' ὃν Ἄχαζ ἔτη ιʹ· κατὰ τοῦτον ἡ πρώτη 10.14.6 Ὀλυμπιὰς ἤχθη, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Κόροιβος Ἠλεῖος· διαδέχεται δὲ τὸν Ἄχαζ Ἐζεκίας ἔτεσι κθʹ· καθ' ὃν Ῥωμύλος Ῥώμην ἔκτισε καὶ ἐβασιλευσε. μετὰ δὲ Ἐζεκίαν βασιλεύει Μανασσῆς ἔτη νεʹ· ἔπειτα Ἀμὼν ἔτη βʹ· ἔπειτα Ἰωσίας ἔτη λαʹ· καθ' ὃν προφητεύουσιν