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he ordered with speed; and he himself, deceived by hope, followed shortly after, trusting in the promises of Rufinus. But as soon as the divine Ambrose saw Rufinus, he said: "You emulate the shamelessness of dogs, O Rufinus. For having been an advisor to so great a murder, you have scraped the shame from your forehead, and you neither blush nor fear, having raged so much against the divine image." But when Rufinus was pleading and saying that the emperor would come, the divine Ambrose, set on fire by divine zeal 311, said: "I, O Rufinus, forewarn you that I will prevent him from setting foot on the sacred thresholds; and if he is turning his kingship into a tyranny, I too will receive the slaughter with pleasure." Having heard these things, Rufinus informed the emperor through someone of the archbishop's purpose and advised him to remain inside the palace. But the emperor, having learned these things in the middle of the marketplace, said, "I will go away, and I will accept the just rebukes." But when he reached the sacred precincts, he did not enter the divine temple, but went to the archbishop (who was sitting in the reception hall) and begged for his bond to be loosed. But he called his presence tyrannical, and said that Theodosius had raged against God and trampled His laws. But the emperor said: "I am not acting insolently against the established laws, nor do I desire to set foot unlawfully on the sacred thresholds, but I ask you to loose me from my bonds and to consider the loving-kindness of our common Master, and not to shut for me the door which the Master has opened to all who use repentance." But the archbishop said: "What repentance, then, have you shown after so great a transgression? With what medicines have you healed your hard-to-cure wounds?" But the emperor said: "It is your work to both show and mix the medicines, and mine to receive them when offered." Then the divine Ambrose said: "Since you entrust judgment to anger, and not reason but anger brings forth the verdict, write a law making the decrees of anger void 312 and invalid. And for thirty days let the sentences of death and confiscation remain in writing, awaiting the judgment of reason. And when these days have passed, let those who wrote the sentences show what was decreed. And then, when anger has ceased, reason, judging by itself, will examine the sentences and will see whether they are unjust or just. And if it should find them unjust, it is clear that it will tear up what was written; but if just, it will confirm them, and the number of days will not harm what has been rightly judged." The emperor, having accepted this suggestion and considering it to be excellent, immediately ordered the law to be written and confirmed it with the writing of his own hand; and when this was done, the divine Ambrose loosed the bond. Thus the most faithful emperor, daring to enter the divine temple, did not supplicate the Master standing, nor kneeling, but lying prostrate on the floor, he uttered the Davidic cry: "My soul clings to the dust; give me life according to your word," and plucking out his hair with his hands and striking his forehead and watering the floor with drops of tears, he begged to obtain pardon. But when the time called for him to bring the gifts to the holy table, he rose with the same tears and entered the sanctuary; and having made his offering as he was accustomed, he remained inside by the rails. But again the great Ambrose was not silent, but taught the difference of the places. And first he asked if he needed anything; and when the emperor said that he was waiting for participation in the divine mysteries, he made it known, using the chief minister of the deacons, 313 that: "The things within, O emperor, are accessible only to priests, but to all others they are both inaccessible and untouchable. Go out, therefore, and share the station of the others; for the purple makes emperors, not priests." And the most faithful emperor, gladly accepting this suggestion, replied that he had not remained inside the rails using insolence, but because in Constantinople this was

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τάχος ἐκέ λευσεν· καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς ἐλπίδος βουκοληθεὶς ἠκολούθησε μετὰ βραχύ, ταῖς ὑποσχέσεσι τοῦ Ῥουφίνου πιστεύσας. αὐτίκα δὲ τὸν Ῥουφῖνον ἰδὼν ὁ θεῖος Ἀμβρόσιος· "τὴν τῶν κυνῶν", ἔφη, "ἀναίδειαν, ὦ Ῥουφῖνε, ζηλοῖς. τοσαύτης γὰρ μιαιφονίας γενόμενος σύμ βουλος τὴν αἰδῶ τῶν μετώπων ἀπέξυσας, καὶ οὔτε ἐρυθριᾷς οὔτε δέδιας, τοσοῦτον κατὰ τῆς θείας λυττήσας εἰκόνος". ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὁ Ῥουφῖνος ἠντιβόλει καὶ τὸν βασιλέα ἔλεγεν ἥξειν, ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου ζήλου 311 πυρποληθεὶς Ἀμβρόσιος ὁ θεσπέσιος· "ἐγώ", ἔφη, "ὦ Ῥουφῖνε, προλέγω ὡς κωλύσω τῶν ἱερῶν αὐτὸν ἐπιβῆναι προθύρων· εἰ δὲ εἰς τυραννίδα τὴν βασιλείαν μεθίστησι, δέξομαι κἀγὼ μεθ' ἡδονῆς τὴν σφαγήν". τούτων ὁ Ῥουφῖνος ἀκούσας ἐμήνυσε διά τινος τῷ βασιλεῖ τὸν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως σκοπὸν καὶ μένειν εἴσω τῶν βασιλείων παρῄνεσεν. Ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς κατὰ μέσην τὴν ἀγορὰν ταῦτα μαθών· "ἄπειμι". ἔφη, "καὶ τὰς δικαίας δέξομαι παροινίας". ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοὺς ἱεροὺς περιβόλους κατέλαβεν, εἰς μὲν τὸν θεῖον οὐκ εἰσελήλυθε νεών, πρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀρχιερέα παραγενόμενος (ἐν δὲ τῷ ἀσπαστικῷ οἴκῳ οὗτος καθῆστο) ἐλιπάρει λυθῆναί οἱ τὸν δεσμόν. ὁ δὲ τυραννικὴν ἐκάλει τὴν παρου σίαν, καὶ κατὰ θεοῦ μεμηνέναι τὸν Θεοδόσιον ἔλεγε καὶ τοὺς ἐκείνου νόμους πατεῖν. ὁ δὲ βασιλεύς· "οὐ θρασύνομαι", ἔφη, "κατὰ τῶν κειμένων νόμων οὐδὲ παρανόμως ἐπιβῆναι τῶν ἱερῶν προθύρων ἐφίεμαι, ἀλλὰ σὲ λῦσαί με τῶν δεσμῶν ἀξιῶ καὶ τὴν τοῦ κοινοῦ δεσπότου φιλανθρωπίαν λογίσασθαι καὶ μὴ κλεῖσαί μοι θύραν ἣν πᾶσι τοῖς μεταμελείᾳ χρωμένοις ὁ δεσπότης ἀνέῳξεν". ὁ δὲ ἀρχιε ρεύς· "ποίαν οὖν", ἔφη, "μεταμέλειαν ἔδειξας μετὰ τοσαύτην παρα νομίαν; ποίοις δὲ φαρμάκοις τὰ δυσίατα ἐθεράπευσας τραύματα;" ὁ δὲ βασιλεύς· "σὸν ἔργον", ἔφη, "τὸ καὶ δεῖξαι καὶ κεράσαι τὰ φάρμακα, ἐμὸν δὲ τὸ δέξασθαι προσφερόμενα". τότε ὁ θεῖος Ἀμβρόσιος· "ἐπειδὴ τῷ θυμῷ", ἔφη, "τὸ δικάζειν ἐπιτρέπεις καὶ οὐχ ὁ λογισμὸς τὴν γνῶσιν ἀλλ' ὁ θυμὸς ἐκφέρει, γράψον νόμον τοῦ θυμοῦ τὰς ψήφους ἀργὰς 312 ποιοῦντα καὶ περιττάς. καὶ τριάκοντα ἡμέρας αἱ φονικαὶ καὶ δημευτι καὶ μενέτωσαν γνώσεις ἐν γράμμασιν, τὴν τοῦ λογισμοῦ προσδε χόμεναι κρίσιν. διελθουσῶν δὲ τῶνδε τῶν ἡμερῶν, οἱ τὰ ἐγνωσμένα γεγραφότες τὰ προστεταγμένα δεικνύτωσαν. καὶ τηνικαῦτα τοῦ θυμοῦ πεπαυμένου, καθ' ἑαυτὸν δικάζων ὁ λογισμὸς ἐξετάσει τὰ ἐγνωσμένα καὶ ὄψεται εἴτε ἄδικα εἴτε δίκαια εἴη. καὶ εἰ μὲν εὕροι ἄδικα, δῆλον ὅτι διαρρήξει τὰ γεγραμμένα· εἰ δέ γε δίκαια, βεβαιώσει, καὶ ὁ τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀριθμὸς οὐ λυμανεῖται τοῖς ὀρθῶς ἐγνωσμένοις". ταύτην ὁ βασιλεὺς δεξάμενος τὴν εἰσήγησιν καὶ ἄριστα ἔχειν ὑπολαβών, εὐθὺς γραφῆναί τε τὸν νόμον ἐκέλευσε καὶ τοῖς τῆς οἰκείας χειρὸς ἐβε βαίωσε γράμμασι· τούτου δὲ γενομένου, διέλυσε τὸν δεσμὸν ὁ θεῖος Ἀμβρόσιος. Οὕτως ὁ πιστότατος βασιλεὺς εἴσω γενέσθαι θαρρήσας τοῦ θείου νεώ, οὐχ ἑστὼς τὸν δεσπότην ἱκέτευεν οὐδὲ τὰ γόνατα κλίνας, ἀλλὰ πρηνὴς ἐπὶ τοῦ δαπέδου κείμενος τὴν ∆αυϊτικὴν ἀφῆκε φωνήν· "ἐκολλήθη τῷ ἐδάφει ἡ ψυχή μου, ζῆσόν με κατὰ τὸν λόγον σου", καὶ ταῖς χερσὶν ἀποτίλλων τὰς τρίχας καὶ τὸ μέτωπον τύπτων καὶ ταῖς τῶν δακρύων σταγόσι τοὔδαφος καταρραίνων συγγνώμης ἠντι βόλει τυχεῖν. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὁ καιρὸς ἐκάλει τῇ ἱερᾷ τραπέζῃ τὰ δῶρα προσενεγκεῖν, ἀναστὰς μετὰ τῶν ἴσων δακρύων τῶν ἀνακτόρων ἐπέβη· προσενεγκὼν δὲ ὥσπερ εἰώθει, ἔνδον παρὰ τὰς κιγκλίδας μεμένηκεν. ἀλλὰ πάλιν ὁ μέγας Ἀμβρόσιος οὐκ ἐσίγησεν, ἀλλ' ἐξεπαί δευσε τὴν τῶν τόπων διαφοράν. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἤρετο εἴ τινος δέοιτο· τοῦ δὲ βασιλέως εἰρηκότος ὡς προσμένει τὴν τῶν θείων μυστηρίων μετάληψιν, ἐδήλωσεν ὑπουργῷ τῷ τῶν διακόνων ἡγου 313 μένῳ χρησάμενος ὅτι· "τὰ ἔνδον, ὦ βασιλεῦ, μόνοις ἐστὶν ἱερεῦσι βατά, τοῖς δὲ ἄλλοις ἅπασιν ἄδυτά τε καὶ ἄψαυστα. ἔξιθι τοίνυν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις κοινώνει τῆς στάσεως· ἁλουργὶς γὰρ βασιλέας, οὐχ ἱερέας ποιεῖ". καὶ ταύτην δὲ ὁ πιστότατος βασιλεὺς ἀσμένως δεξάμενος τὴν εἰσή γησιν, ἀντεδήλωσεν ὡς οὐ θρασύτητι χρώμενος ἔνδον τῶν κιγκλίδων μεμένηκεν, ἀλλ' ἐν Κωνσταντινουπόλει τοῦτο εἶναι