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Therefore, since there is a vision of God, which only those deemed worthy of the blessed lot will see throughout the unending age, which even now the chosen among the apostles saw on Tabor, and Stephen as he was being stoned, and Antony as he was struggling in stillness, or rather, all the saints, which is to say those who are pure in heart, as one who wishes can learn from their recorded words and the lives they lived (and I for my part would say that prophets and patriarchs were not without a taste of this light, or rather that, with few exceptions, all their visions, and especially the most divine ones, did not lack this light; for why would one who has his own eternal light, which is visible—though ineffably—to the pure in heart, both now and in the age to come, as the great Dionysius also says, counterfeit an alien light?)-, since, therefore, such is the vision of God, how is it that he who calls the pure in heart blessed does not promise this eternal vision, but rather the knowledge that comes from created things, which could also belong to the wise of this age?

And that the philosopher considers the knowledge from created things to be the most perfect vision of God, he has taught us beforehand, saying that he who has known all the manifest parts of the world and the (p. 542) invisible powers leaves no room for any to surpass this. But “to reckon the one who energizes from the energy and from the good harmony of the world the understanding of the transcendent wisdom could also belong to the wise of this age,” says the divine Gregory of Nyssa; and I would say also to the unwise and to the unfaithful, as we now see even all the barbarians knowing one God, the maker of the universe, to whom theology by way of negation necessarily follows. For the maker of the universe is none of the things made. And what of this: do not also many of the heterodox have the wisdom of this age and the understanding of God that comes from it? Does the Lord, then, call them blessed? And what of the Greeks who in philosophy far surpass the Christians of today and philosophize from the knowledge of created things? Did they too attain the blessed and eternal prize, and more than all, even more than those “who know nothing except the Lord Jesus Christ and him crucified,” and not less, but rather even more so? For how could it not be pre-eminently more so, if God is known only from created things, and if those who know more of these things have a greater vision of God than others? And yet we have all known the Son from the Father's voice, teaching us from above; and the Holy Spirit itself and the ineffable light itself showed to us the Beloved being testified to by the Father; and the Son himself revealed to us the name of his own Father, and as he was being taken up into heaven, he promised to send the Holy Spirit to us, “that it might remain with us forever;” and the Holy Spirit itself, having come and remained in us, announced to us and taught us all the truth. How then do we know God from created things alone, and not from those things by which we are ignorant of him, but from those things by which we know him? If someone has not experienced marriage, does he not know the union of God with the Church, since he is unable to see the analogy from it, and will you advise everyone to flee (p. 544) virginity, so that they may find your knowledge of God? But you will be refuted by Paul, who, being unmarried, was the first to exclaim, “This mystery is great,” “but I speak of Christ and the Church.”

It is now time to speak that divine voice: “We thank you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that,” having united yourself to us and revealed yourself through yourself to us, and revealed yourself through yourself to us, “you have hidden this from the wise and understanding,” who are understanding in their own estimation and knowledgeable in their own sight; wherefore also when they hear your saints speaking, some they reject, and the sayings of others they misinterpret, and there are some which they even dare to counterfeit, as if they would deceive everyone. For while Gregory of Nyssa was explaining what is for those in heart

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τοίνυν οὔσης θέας τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἥν μόνοι οἱ τῆς μακαρίας κατηξιωμένοι λήξεως ὄψονται κατά τόν ἄληκτον αἰῶνα, ἥν καί νῦν οἱ ἔκκριτοι τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐν Θαβώρ κατεῖδον καί ὁ Στέφανος λιθαζόμενος καί ὁ Ἀντώνιος καθ᾿ ἡσυχίαν ἀγωνιζόμενος, μᾶλλον δέ πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι, ταὐτόν δ᾿ εἰπεῖν οἱ κεκαθαρμένοι τήν καρδίαν, ὡς ἐκ τῶν ἀναγεγραμμένων οἰκείων λόγων καί τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτούς βίων ἔξεστι μανθάνειν τῷ βουλομένῳ (φαίην δ᾿ ἄν ἔγωγε καί προφήτας καί πατριάρχας ἀγεύστους οὐκ εἶναι τοῦ φωτός τούτου, μᾶλλον δέ πλήν ὀλίγων τά πάντα ἐκείνων θεάματα, καί μάλιστα τά θειότατα, μή ἀμοιρεῖν τούτου τοῦ φωτός˙ τί γάρ ἄν καί ὑποκρίνοιτο φῶς ἀλλότριον ὁ φῶς αἰώνιον οἰκεῖον ἔχων, τοῖς καθαροῖς τήν καρδίαν, εἰ καί ἀπορρήτως, ὅμως ὁρατόν, νῦν τε κἀπί τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος, ὡς καί ὁ ∆ιονύσιος ὁ μέγας λέγει; -, τοιαύτης τοίνυν οὔσης θέας τοῦ Θεοῦ, πῶς οὐ ταύτην ἐπαγγέλλεται τήν αἰώνιον ὁ μακαρίζων τούς καθαρούς τήν καρδίαν, ἀλλά τήν ἀπό τῶν κτισμάτων γνῶσιν, ἥ γένοιτ᾿ ἄν καί τοῖς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου σοφοῖς;

Ὅτι δέ τήν ἀπό τῶν κτισμάτων γνῶσιν τελεωτάτην θεοπτίαν ὁ φιλόσοφος ἡγεῖται, προλαβών ἐδίδαξεν ἡμᾶς τοῦτο, εἰπών μηδενί μηδεμίαν ἀπολιπεῖν ταύτης ὑπερβολή, ὅς ἔγνω πάσας τάς ἐμφανεῖς τοῦ κόσμου μερίδας καί τάς (σελ. 542) ἀφανεῖς δυνάμεις. Ἀλλ᾿ «ἐκ τῆς ἐνεργείας τόν ἐνεργοῦντα ἀναλογίσασθαι καί ἐκ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου εὐαρμοστίας τῆς ὑπερκειμένης σοφίας ἡ κατανόησις γένοιτ᾿ ἄν καί τοῖς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου σοφοῖς», φησίν ὁ Νύσσης θεῖος Γρηγόριος˙ ἐγώ δ᾿ ἄν φαίην καί τοῖς μή σοφοῖς καί τοῖς μή πιστοῖς, ὡς νῦν ὁρῶμεν καί τούς βαρβάρους πάντας ἕνα Θεόν εἰδότας τοῦ παντός ποιητήν, ᾧ καί ἡ κατά ἀπόφασιν θεολογία ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἕπεται. Ὁ γάρ ποιητής τοῦ παντός τῶν ποιημάτων οὐδέν. Τί δέ, οὐχί καί τῶν κακοδόξων πολλοί τήν σοφίαν τοῦ αἰῶνος ἔχουσι τούτου καί τήν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ κατανόησιν; Ἆρ᾿ οὖν αὐτούς μακαρίζει ὁ Κύριος; Τί δ᾿ ἄν τῶν Ἑλλήνων οἱ κατά φιλοσοφίαν πολλῷ τῶν νῦν χριστιανῶν διαφέροντες καί ἀπό τῆς τῶν κτισμάτων γνώσεως φιλοσοφοῦντες; Ἆρα καί τοῦ μακαρίου καί αἰωνίου ἔτυχον ἐπάθλου καί πάντων, καί αὐτῶν «τῶν μηδέν εἰδότων εἰ μή Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν καί τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον», οὐχ ἧττον ὅτι δή καί μᾶλλον; Πῶς γάρ οὐχί καί διαφερόντως μᾶλλον, εἴγε ἀπό τῶν κτισμάτων μόνον ὁ Θεός γινώσκεται, καί θεοπτικώτεροι τῶν ἄλλων οἱ πλείω τούτων γινώσκοντες; Καίτοι πάντες ἡμεῖς ἀπό τῆς πατρικῆς φωνῆς, ἄνωθεν ἡμᾶς διδασκούσης, τόν Υἱόν ἐγνώκαμεν˙ καί αὐτό τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον καί αὐτό τό φῶς τό ἄρρητον τόν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός ἀγαπητόν μαρτυρούμενον ὑπέδειξεν ἡμῖν˙ καί αὐτός ὁ Υἱός τό ὄνομα τοῦ οἰκείου Πατρός ἐφανέρωσεν ἡμῖν καί τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἀναλαμβανόμενος εἰς οὐρανούς ἐπηγγείλατο πέμψειν πρός ἡμᾶς, «ἵνα μένῃ μαθ᾿ ἡμῶν εἰς τόν αἰῶνα»˙ καί αὐτό τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, ἐπελθόν καί μεῖναν ἐν ἡμῖν, ἀνήγγειλεν ἡμῖν καί ἐδίδαξε πᾶσαν τήν ἀλήθειαν. Πῶς οὖν ἐκ τῶν κτισμάτων μόνων γινώσκομεν Θεόν, καί οὐκ ἐξ ὧν τοῦτον ἀγνοοῦμεν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐξ ὧν γινώσκομεν; Ἆρ᾿ εἰ καί μή γάμου τις λάβοι πεῖραν, οὐ τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ πρός τήν Ἐκκλησίαν οἶδε συνάφειαν, ἐπεί τήν ἀναλογίαν ἐξ ἐκείνου συνορᾶν οὐκ ἔχει, καί συμβουλεύσεις πάντας φεύγειν (σελ. 544) τήν παρθενίαν, ἵνα τήν σήν θεογνωσίαν εὕρωσιν; Ἀλλ᾿ ὑπό Παύλου ἐξελεγθήσῃ, ὅς, ἄγαμος ὤν, «τό μυστήριον τοῦτο μέγα ἐστί» πρῶτος ἐξεβόησεν, «ἀλλ᾿ εἰς Χριστόν καί εἰς τήν Ἐκκλησίαν».

Καιρός δή εἰπεῖν τήν θεσπεσίαν ἐκείνην φωνήν˙ «εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, Πάτερ, Κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καί τῆς γῆς, ὅτι», ἑνώσας σύ σαυτόν ἡμῖν καί φανερώσας σαυτόν διά σαυτοῦ ἡμῖν, καί φανερώσας σαυτόν διά σαυτοῦ ἡμῖν, «ἀπέκρυψας τοῦτο ἀπό σοφῶν καί συνετῶν», οἵ συνετοί εἰσι καθ᾿ ἑαυτούς καί ἐνώπιον αὑτῶν ἐπιστήμονες˙ διό καί τῶν ἁγίων σου λαλούντων ἀκούοντες, τούς μέν ἀθετοῦσι, τῶν δέ παρεξηγοῦνται τάς ρήσεις, ἔστι δ᾿ ἅς καί τολμῶσι παραχαράττειν ὡς πάντας λήσοντες. Γρηγορίου μέν γάρ τοῦ Νύσσης ἐξηγουμένου τί ἐστιν ἡ τοῖς τήν καρδίαν