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Augustine of Hippo, On the Trinity
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Fifteen Books of Aurelius Augustinus,
Chapter 2.—In What Manner This Work Proposes to Discourse Concerning the Trinity.
Chapter 4.—What the Doctrine of the Catholic Faith is Concerning the Trinity.
Chapter 7.—In What Manner the Son is Less Than the Father, and Than Himself.
Chapter 9.—All are Sometimes Understood in One Person.
Chapter 11.—By What Rule in the Scriptures It is Understood that the Son is Now Equal and Now Less.
Chapter 4.—The Glorification of the Son by the Father Does Not Prove Inequality.
Chapter 6.—The Creature is Not So Taken by the Holy Spirit as Flesh is by the Word.
Chapter 7.—A Doubt Raised About Divine Appearances.
Chapter 8.—The Entire Trinity Invisible.
Chapter 11.—Of the Same Appearance.
Chapter 12.—The Appearance to Lot is Examined.
Chapter 13.—The Appearance in the Bush.
Chapter 14.—Of the Appearance in the Pillar of Cloud and of Fire.
Chapter 16.—In What Manner Moses Saw God.
Chapter 18.—The Vision of Daniel.
Chapter 1.—What is to Be Said Thereupon.
Chapter 2.—The Will of God is the Higher Cause of All Corporeal Change. This is Shown by an Example.
Chapter 3.—Of the Same Argument.
Chapter 5.—Why Miracles are Not Usual Works.
Chapter 6.—Diversity Alone Makes a Miracle.
Chapter 7.—Great Miracles Wrought by Magic Arts.
Chapter 8.—God Alone Creates Those Things Which are Changed by Magic Art.
Chapter 9.—The Original Cause of All Things is from God.
Chapter 10.—In How Many Ways the Creature is to Be Taken by Way of Sign. The Eucharist.
Preface.—The Knowledge of God is to Be Sought from God.
Chapter 2.—How We are Rendered Apt for the Perception of Truth Through the Incarnate Word.
Chapter 7.—In What Manner We are Gathered from Many into One Through One Mediator.
Chapter 8.—In What Manner Christ Wills that All Shall Be One in Himself.
Chapter 9.—The Same Argument Continued.
Chapter 10.—As Christ is the Mediator of Life, So the Devil is the Mediator of Death.
Chapter 11.—Miracles Which are Done by Demons are to Be Spurned.
Chapter 12.—The Devil the Mediator of Death, Christ of Life.
Chapter 2.—God the Only Unchangeable Essence.
Chapter 4.—The Accidental Always Implies Some Change in the Thing.
Chapter 7.—The Addition of a Negative Does Not Change the Predicament.
Chapter 9.—The Three Persons Not Properly So Called [in a Human Sense].
Chapter 11.—What is Said Relatively in the Trinity.
Chapter 12.—In Relative Things that are Reciprocal, Names are Sometimes Wanting.
Chapter 13.—How the Word Beginning (Principium) is Spoken Relatively in the Trinity.
Chapter 14.—The Father and the Son the Only Beginning (Principium) of the Holy Spirit.
Chapter 15.—Whether the Holy Spirit Was a Gift Before as Well as After He Was Given.
Chapter 16.—What is Said of God in Time, is Said Relatively, Not Accidentally.
Chapter 2 .—What is Said of the Father and Son Together, and What Not.
Chapter 4.—The Same Argument Continued.
Chapter 5.—The Holy Spirit Also is Equal to the Father and the Son in All Things.
Chapter 6.—How God is a Substance Both Simple and Manifold.
Chapter 7.—God is a Trinity, But Not Triple (Triplex).
Chapter 8.—No Addition Can Be Made to the Nature of God.
Chapter 9.—Whether One or the Three Persons Together are Called the Only God.
Chapter 5.—In God, Substance is Spoken Improperly, Essence Properly.
Chapter 1.—It is Shown by Reason that in God Three are Not Anything Greater Than One Person.
Chapter 4.—God Must First Be Known by an Unerring Faith, that He May Be Loved.
Chapter 5.—How the Trinity May Be Loved Though Unknown.
Chapter 6.—How the Man Not Yet Righteous Can Know the Righteous Man Whom He Loves.
Chapter 10.—There are Three Things in Love, as It Were a Trace of the Trinity.
Chapter 1.—In What Way We Must Inquire Concerning the Trinity.
Chapter 5.—That These Three are Several in Themselves, and Mutually All in All.
Chapter 8.—In What Desire and Love Differ.
Chapter 10.—Whether Only Knowledge that is Loved is the Word of the Mind.
Chapter 2.—No One at All Loves Things Unknown.
Chapter 3.—That When the Mind Loves Itself, It is Not Unknown to Itself.
Chapter 4.—How the Mind Knows Itself, Not in Part, But as a Whole.
Chapter 6.—The Opinion Which the Mind Has of Itself is Deceitful.
Chapter 8.—How the Soul Inquires into Itself. Whence Comes the Error of the Soul Concerning Itself.
Chapter 9.—The Mind Knows Itself, by the Very Act of Understanding the Precept to Know Itself.
Chapter 12.—The Mind is an Image of the Trinity in Its Own Memory, and Understanding, and Will.
Chapter 1.—A Trace of the Trinity Also In the Outer Man.
Chapter 4.—How This Unity Comes to Pass.
Chapter 6.—Of What Kind We are to Reckon the Rest (Requies), and End (Finis), of the Will in Vision.
Chapter 7.—There is Another Trinity in the Memory of Him Who Thinks Over Again What He Has Seen.
Chapter 8.—Different Modes of Conceiving.
Chapter 9.—Species is Produced by Species in Succession.
Chapter 11.—Number, Weight, Measure.
Chapter 1.—Of What Kind are the Outer and the Inner Man.
Chapter 6. —Why This Opinion is to Be Rejected.
Chapter 8.—Turning Aside from the Image of God.
Chapter 9.—The Same Argument is Continued.
Chapter 10.—The Lowest Degradation Reached by Degrees.
Chapter 11.—The Image of the Beast in Man.
Chapter 12.—There is a Kind of Hidden Wedlock in the Inner Man. Unlawful Pleasures of the Thoughts.
Chapter 3.—Some Desires Being the Same in All, are Known to Each. The Poet Ennius.
Chapter 8.—Blessedness Cannot Exist Without Immortality.
Chapter 11.—A Difficulty, How We are Justified in the Blood of the Son of God.
Chapter 12.—All, on Account of the Sin of Adam, Were Delivered into the Power of the Devil.
Chapter 13.—Man Was to Be Rescued from the Power of the Devil, Not by Power, But by Righteousness.
Chapter 14.—The Unobligated Death of Christ Has Freed Those Who Were Liable to Death.
Chapter 15.—Of the Same Subject.
Chapter 17.—Other Advantages of the Incarnation.
Chapter 18.—Why the Son of God Took Man Upon Himself from the Race of Adam, and from a Virgin.
Chapter 19.—What in the Incarnate Word Belongs to Knowledge, What to Wisdom.
Chapter 3.—A Difficulty Removed, Which Lies in the Way of What Has Just Been Said.
Chapter 5.—Whether the Mind of Infants Knows Itself.
Chapter 9.—Whether Justice and the Other Virtues Cease to Exist in the Future Life.
Chapter 10.—How a Trinity is Produced by the Mind Remembering, Understanding, and Loving Itself.
Chapter 11.—Whether Memory is Also of Things Present.
Chapter 13.—How Any One Can Forget and Remember God.
Chapter 16.—How the Image of God is Formed Anew in Man.
Chapter 1.—God is Above the Mind.
Chapter 3.—A Brief Recapitulation of All the Previous Books.
Chapter 4.—What Universal Nature Teaches Us Concerning God.
Chapter 5.—How Difficult It is to Demonstrate the Trinity by Natural Reason.
Chapter 8.—How the Apostle Says that God is Now Seen by Us Through a Glass.
Chapter 9.—Of the Term “Enigma,” And of Tropical Modes of Speech.
Chapter 12.—The Academic Philosophy.
Chapter 14.—The Word of God is in All Things Equal to the Father, from Whom It is.
Chapter 16.—Our Word is Never to Be Equalled to the Divine Word, Not Even When We Shall Be Like God.
Chapter 18.—No Gift of God is More Excellent Than Love.
Chapter 24.—The Infirmity of the Human Mind.
Chapter 28.—The Conclusion of the Book with a Prayer, and an Apology for Multitude of Words.
Chapter 7.—Of True Love, by Which We Arrive at the Knowledge of the Trinity. God is to Be Sought, Not Outwardly, by Seeking to Do Wonderful Things with the Angels, But Inwardly, by Imitating the Piety of Good Angels.
10. No other thing, then, is chiefly to be regarded in this inquiry, which we make concerning the Trinity and concerning knowing God, except what is true love, nay, rather what is love. For that is to be called love which is true, otherwise it is desire; and so those who desire are said improperly to love, just as they who love are said improperly to desire. But this is true love, that cleaving to the truth we may live righteously, and so may despise all mortal things in comparison with the love of men, whereby we wish them to live righteously. For so we should be prepared also to die profitably for our brethren, as our Lord Jesus Christ taught us by His example. For as there are two commandments on which hang all the Law and the prophets, love of God and love of our neighbor;669 Matt. xxii. 37–40 2 Cor. v. 6, 7 Mens or animus. not without cause the Scripture mostly puts one for both: whether it be of God only, as is that text, “For we know that all things work together for good to them that love God;”670 Rom. viii. 28 Rom. i. 17 Anima and again, “But if any man love God, the same is known of Him;”671 1 Cor. viii. 3 1 Cor. xiii. 12 and that, “Because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us;”672 Rom. v. 5 and many other passages; because he who loves God must both needs do what God has commanded, and loves Him just in such proportion as he does so; therefore he must needs also love his neighbor, because God has commanded it: or whether it be that Scripture only mentions the love of our neighbor, as in that text, “Bear ye one another’s burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ;”673 Gal. vi. 2 and again, “For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself;”674 Gal. v. 14 and in the Gospel, “All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them; for this is the Law and the prophets.”675 Matt. vii. 12 And many other passages occur in the sacred writings, in which only the love of our neighbor seems to be commanded for perfection, while the love of God is passed over in silence; whereas the Law and the prophets hang on both precepts. But this, too, is because he who loves his neighbor must needs also love above all else love itself. But “God is love; and he that dwelleth in love, dwelleth in God.”676 1 John iv. 6 Therefore he must needs above all else love God.
11. Wherefore they who seek God through those Powers which rule over the world, or parts of the world, are removed and cast away far from Him; not by intervals of space, but by difference of affections: for they endeavor to find a path outwardly, and forsake their own inward things, within which is God. Therefore, even although they may either have heard some holy heavenly Power, or in some way or another may have thought of it, yet they rather covet its deeds at which human weakness marvels, but do not imitate the piety by which divine rest is acquired. For they prefer, through pride, to be able to do that which an angel does, more than, through devotion, to be that which an angel is. For no holy being rejoices in his own power, but in His from whom he has the power which he fitly can have; and he knows it to be more a mark of power to be united to the Omnipotent by a pious will, than to be able, by his own power and will, to do what they may tremble at who are not able to do such things. Therefore the Lord Jesus Christ Himself, in doing such things, in order that He might teach better things to those who marvelled at them, and might turn those who were intent and in doubt about unusual temporal things to eternal and inner things, says, “Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you.” And He does not say, Learn of me, because I raise those who have been dead four days; but He says, “Learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart.” For humility, which is most solid, is more powerful and safer than pride, that is most inflated. And so He goes on to say, “And ye shall find rest unto your souls,”677 Matt. xi. 28, 29 for “Love678 Charity.—A.V. is not puffed up;”679 1 Cor. xiii. 4 and “God is Love;”680 1 John iv. 8 and “such as be faithful in love shall rest in681 Abide with.—A.V. Him,”682 Wisd. iii. 9 called back from the din which is without to silent joys. Behold, “God is Love:” why do we go forth and run to the heights of the heavens and the lowest parts of the earth, seeking Him who is within us, if we wish to be with Him?
CAPUT VII.
10. De vera dilectione, per quam ad Trinitatis cognitionem pervenitur. Quaerendus Deus, non exterius, appetendo mira facere cum Angelis; sed interius, imitando bonorum Angelorum pietatem. Quapropter non est praecipue videndum in hac quaestione, quae de Trinitate nobis est, et de cognoscendo Deo, nisi quid sit vera dilectio, imo vero quid sit dilectio. Ea quippe dilectio dicenda est, quae vera est; alioquin cupiditas est: atque ita cupidi abusive dicuntur diligere, quemadmodum cupere abusive dicuntur qui diligunt. Haec est autem vera dilectio, ut inhaerentes veritati juste vivamus: et ideo contemnamus omnia mortalia prae amore hominum, quo eos volumus juste vivere. Ita enim et mori pro fratribus utiliter parati esse poterimus, quod nos Dominus Jesus Christus exemplo suo docuit. Cum enim duo praecepta sint in quibus tota Lex pendet et Prophetae, dilectio Dei et dilectio proximi (Matth. XXII, 37-40); non immerito plerumque Scriptura pro utroque unum ponit: sive tantum Dei, sicuti est illud, Scimus quoniam diligentibus Deum omnia cooperantur in bonum (Rom. VIII, 28); et iterum, Quisquis autem diligit Deum, hic cognitus est ab illo (I Cor. VIII, 3); et illud, Quoniam charitas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per Spiritum sanctum qui datus est nobis (Rom. V, 5); et alia multa: quia et qui diligit Deum consequens est ut faciat quod praecepit Deus, et in tantum diligit in quantum facit; consequens ergo est ut et proximum diligat, quia hoc praecepit Deus: sive tantum proximi dilectionem Scriptura commemorat, sicut est illud, Invicem onera vestra portate, et sic adimplebitis legem Christi (Galat. VI, 2); et illud, Omnis enim lex in uno sermone impletur, in eo quod scriptum est, Diliges proximum tuum tanquam te ipsum (Id. V, 14); et in Evangelio, Omnia quaecumque vultis ut faciant vobis homines, ita et vos 0957facite illis; haec enim est Lex et Prophetae (Matth. VII, 12). Et pleraque alia reperimus in Litteris sanctis, in quibus sola dilectio proximi ad perfectionem praecipi videtur, et taceri de dilectione Dei; cum in utroque praecepto Lex pendeat et Prophetae. Sed et hoc ideo, quia et qui proximum diligit, consequens est ut et ipsam praecipue dilectionem diligat. Deus autem dilectio est, et qui manet in dilectione, in Deo manet (I Joan. IV, 16). Consequens ergo est ut praecipue Deum diligat.
11. Quapropter, qui quaerunt Deum per istas Potestates, quae mundo praesunt vel partibus mundi, auferuntur ab eo longeque jactantur; non intervallis locorum, sed diversitate affectuum: exterius enim conantur ire, et interiora sua deserunt, quibus interior est Deus. Itaque etiamsi aliquam sanctam coelestem Potestatem vel audierint, vel utcumque cogitaverint, facta magis ejus appetunt quae humana miratur infirmitas, non imitantur pietatem qua divina requies comparatur. Malunt enim superbe hoc posse quod angelus, quam devote hoc esse quod angelus. Non enim sanctus quisquam potestate sua gaudet, sed ejus a quo habet posse quidquid congruenter potest: et novit potentius esse conjungi Omnipotenti pia voluntate, quam propria potestate et voluntate posse, quod contremiscant qui talia non possunt. Itaque ipse Dominus Jesus Christus talia faciens, ut mirantes doceret ampliora, et temporalibus insolitis intentos atque suspensos ad aeterna atque interiora converteret: Venite, inquit, ad me, omnes qui laboratis et onerati estis, et reficiam vos; tollite jugum meum super vos. Et non ait, Discite a me quia quatriduanos mortuos suscito; sed ait, Discite a me quia mitis sum et humilis corde. Potentior est enim et tutior solidissima humilitas, quam ventosissima celsitudo. Et ideo sequitur dicens: Et invenietis requiem animabus vestris (Matth. XI, 28, 29). Dilectio enim non inflatur (I Cor. XIII, 4): et Deus dilectio est (I Joan. IV, 8): et fideles in dilectione acquiescent illi (Sap. III, 9), revocati a strepitu qui foris est ad gaudia silentia . Ecce Deus dilectio est: utquid imus et currimus in sublimia coelorum et ima terrarum, quaerentes cum qui est apud nos, si nos velimus esse apud cum?