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having reigned with Michael for one year, and having ruled alone for nineteen, leaving the empire to his son Leo, who was the eldest of his surviving sons. And Leo, having become emperor, immediately rose up against Santabarenos. And suspecting that the patriarch Photius, being friendly disposed toward him, would support him, he fabricated charges against the patriarch and drove him from the church and confined him in the monastery of the Armonians, and he appointed Stephen, his own brother, as patriarch; and because he was not the archbishop of Heracleia, he was ordained by the protothronos. And he ordered Santabarenos to be brought from Euchaïta; for he presided over the church there 441. And sending to the monastery of Philippicus in Chrysopolis, where the emperor Michael had been buried, he took his body from the coffin and with much procession and imperial honor placed it in the church of the Holy Apostles in a marble sarcophagus, with his brothers, both Alexander and the patriarch, being present at the procession. And being involved with the daughter of Stylianos Zautzes while his own wife Theophano was still living, he honored her father as magistros and logothete of the drome, and afterwards indeed also as basileopator, having invented the title himself. And when, among other things, the church of the holy apostle Thomas was burned down in a conflagration, this emperor restored it. And now Santabarenos was brought and was kept under guard in the palace at Pege, where the emperor sent and had him mercilessly tortured, and put him in exile in Athens. Not much time passed and he sent there and had his eyes put out. And after several years he brought the man back from exile and deemed him worthy of his providence. 442 And the duke of Longibardia, Aion, being the son-in-law of the king of Francia, when he learned of the death of Basil, broke the treaties with the Romans and appropriated the entire land. Therefore the emperor sent the epi tes trapezes against him with the western tagmata; who, joining battle with him, was defeated and lost almost all whom he led, himself barely escaping. And when the patriarch Stephen passed away, Antony, who was named Kauleas, was appointed patriarch. And while the Bulgarians had a treaty and were conducting trade with the Romans, those in charge of the customs duties were exacting unjust tolls from them. This was a sufficient pretext for their ruler Symeon, who was seeking an occasion to raise a war against the Romans. And indeed he did raise it; and a Roman army that armed itself against him was defeated, and many of the Romans fell, including the strategelates himself; and many were captured, whose noses Symeon cut off and sent back to Byzantium. Deeply grieved by these events, the emperor persuaded the Tur443 ks around the Ister, who are also called Hungarians, with gifts to go out against the Bulgarians and to harm them with all their strength. And the emperor himself was prepared to take up arms against the Bulgarians by both sea and land, entrusting the war against them to the patrician Nikephoros Phokas, having appointed him Domestic of the Schools. But before the war, the emperor sent the quaestor to Symeon to negotiate for peace. But the barbarian, suspecting that he had come with guile, imprisoned and bound him, and fought against Phokas. And while he was occupied with him, the Hungarians plundered his country. Therefore, leaving Phokas, he marched out against them and, joining battle with them, was defeated, with many Bulgarians being slaughtered and more being captured, while Symeon himself barely escaped to Dorostolon; this is Dristra. And the emperor purchased the Bulgarian prisoners from the Hungarians, and Symeon pleaded for peace. And believing his words, the emperor sent Choirosphaktes to ma444 ke a treaty, whom the barbarian seized and bound. And he himself attacked the Tryrks and routed them and ravaged their land. Then he sent word to Leo that he would never make a truce, unless the

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συμβασιλεύσας μὲν τῷ Μιχαὴλ ἔτος ἕν, αὐταρχήσας δ' ἐννεακαίδεκα, τῷ υἱῷ Λέοντι τὴν βασιλείαν λιπών, ὄντι πρεσβυτέρῳ τῶν περιόντων υἱῶν. Αὐτοκράτωρ δὲ γεγονὼς ὁ Λέων αὐτίκα πρὸς ἄμυναν διανέστη τοῦ Σανταβαρηνοῦ. ὑποπτεύων δὲ ὡς ἀντιλήψεται τούτου ὁ πατριάρχης Φώτιος, φιλίως πρὸς αὐτὸν διακείμενος, αἰτίας πλάττει κατὰ τοῦ πατριάρχου καὶ ἐξωθεῖ τῆς ἐκκλησίας αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν τῇ τῶν Ἁρμονιανῶν περιορίζει μονῇ, πατριάρχην δὲ Στέφανον προεχειρίσατο, τὸν οἰκεῖον ὁμαίμονα· καὶ ὅτι μὴ ἦν Ἡρακλείας ἀρχιερεύς, ὑπὸ τοῦ πρωτοθρόνου κεχειροτόνητο. ἀχθῆναι δ' ἐξ Εὐχαΐτων ἐκέλευσε τὸν Σανταβαρηνόν· τῆς ἐκεῖ 441 γὰρ ἐκκλησίας προήδρευε. πέμψας δὲ εἰς τὴν ἐν Χρυσοπόλει μονὴν τοῦ Φιλιππικοῦ, ὅπου ὁ βασιλεὺς Μιχαὴλ ἐτέθαπτο, ἐξάγει τὸ σῶμα τούτου ἐκ τῆς σοροῦ καὶ μετὰ προπομπῆς πολλῆς καὶ βασιλείου τιμῆς εἰς τὸν τῶν ἁγίων ἀποστόλων ναὸν κατατίθησιν ἐν λάρνακι μαρμαρίνῃ, καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ παρόντων ἐπὶ τῇ προπομπῇ, τοῦ τε Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ τοῦ πατριάρχου. τῇ δὲ τοῦ Ζαούτζη Στυλιανοῦ θυγατρὶ συμφθειρόμενος ἔτι ζώσης Θεοφανοῦς τῆς αὐτοῦ γαμετῆς τὸν πατέρα ταύτης μάγιστρον ἐτίμησε καὶ λογοθέτην τοῦ δρόμου, μετέπειτα μέντοι καὶ βασιλεοπάτορα, αὐτὸς τὸ ὄνομα εὑρών. Ἐξ ἐμπρησμοῦ δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ ἁγίου ἀποστόλου Θωμᾶ πυρποληθέντος, ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος αὐτὸν ἀνεκαίνισεν. ἤδη δὲ καὶ ὁ Σανταβαρηνὸς ἤχθη καὶ εἰς τὰ ἐν ταῖς Πηγαῖς ἐφρουρεῖτο βασίλεια, ἔνθα πέμψας ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ἀφειδῶς αὐτὸν αἰκισάμενος ἐν Ἀθήναις ὑπερόριον ἔθετο. οὐ πολὺ τὸ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ πέμψας ἐκεῖ ἐξέκοψε τὰ ὄμματα αὐτοῦ. μετὰ δὲ πλείους ἐνιαυτοὺς τῆς ὑπερορίας τε τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐπανήγαγε καὶ προνοίας ἠξίωσεν. 442 Ὁ δὲ Λογγιβαρδίας δοὺξ Ἀγίων, τοῦ ῥηγὸς Φραγγίας τυγχάνων γαμβρός, ἐπεὶ τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Βασιλείου ἐπύθετο, τὰς πρὸς Ῥωμαίους συνθήκας ἠθέτησε καὶ τὴν χώραν ἅπασαν ᾠκειώσατο. διὸ τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης ἔπεμψεν ὁ βασιλεὺς κατ' αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν δυτικῶν ταγμάτων· ὃς συμμίξας αὐτῷ ἡττήθη καὶ πάντας σχεδὸν οὓς ἐπήγετο ἀπεβάλετο, μόλις αὐτὸς διαδράς. τοῦ δὲ πατριάρχου Στεφάνου ἐκλελοιπότος Ἀντώνιος προκεχείριστο πατριάρχης, ὃς Καυλέας ὠνόμαστο. Τῶν δὲ Βουλγάρων ἐνσπόνδων ὄντων καὶ ἐμπορίας ποιουμένων μετὰ Ῥωμαίων, οἱ τοῖς τελωνήμασιν ἐφεστῶτες ἄδικα αὐτοὺς εἰσέπραττον τέλη. τοῦτο τῷ αὐτῶν ἄρχοντι Συμεὼν λαβὰς ζητοῦντι τοῦ κατὰ Ῥωμαίων πόλεμον ἄρασθαι εἰς πρόφασιν ἤρκεσε. καὶ μέντοι καὶ ἤρατο· καὶ Ῥωμαϊκὸν αὐτῷ ἀνθοπλισάμενον στράτευμα ἥττητο, καὶ πολλοὶ μὲν ἔπεσον τῶν Ῥωμαίων καὶ ὁ στρατηλάτης αὐτός· πολλοὶ δ' ἑάλωσαν, ὧν τὰς ῥῖνας ὁ Συμεὼν ἐκτεμὼν ἐπανελθεῖν ἀφῆκε πρὸς τὸ Βυζάντιον. τούτοις περιαλγήσας ὁ βασιλεὺς δώροις τοὺς Τούρ443 κους ἔπεισε τοὺς περὶ τὸν Ἴστρον, οἳ καὶ Οὖγγροι καλοῦνται, τοῖς Βουλγάροις ἐπεξελθεῖν καὶ ὅση δύναμις κακῶσαι αὐτούς. καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς διά τε θαλάσσης καὶ διὰ γῆς ἡτοίμαστο ὅπλα κινῆσαι κατὰ τῶν Βουλγάρων, τῷ πατρικίῳ Νικηφόρῳ τῷ Φωκᾷ τὸν κατ' αὐτῶν ἀναθέμενος πόλεμον, δομέστικον τῶν σχολῶν αὐτὸν προβαλόμενος. πρὸ τοῦ πολέμου δὲ τὸν κοιαίστωρα στέλλει ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ πρὸς Συμεὼν περὶ εἰρήνης πρεσβεύσοντα. ὁ δὲ βάρβαρος δόλῳ τοῦτον ὑποτοπήσας ἐλθεῖν καθείργνυσι καὶ δεσμεῖ καὶ τῷ Φωκᾷ ἀντεμάχετο. ἐκείνου δὲ περὶ τοῦτον ἀσχολουμένου οἱ Οὖγγροι τὴν χώραν αὐτοῦ ἐληίσαντο. διὸ τὸν Φωκᾶν λιπὼν κατ' ἐκείνων ἐξώρμησε καὶ συμβαλὼν αὐτοῖς ἥττητο, πολλῶν μὲν σφαγέντων Βουλγάρων, πλειόνων δ' ἁλόντων, αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ Συμεὼν μόλις ἐν ∆οροστόλῳ φυγόντος· τοῦτο δ' ἡ ∆ρίστρα ἐστί. τοὺς δ' αἰχμαλώτους Βουλγάρους ὁ βασιλεὺς παρὰ τῶν Οὔγγρων ἐπρίατο καὶ ὁ Συμεὼν περὶ εἰρήνης ἱκέτευε. καὶ πιστεύσας τοῖς λόγοις ἐκείνου ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν Χοιροσφάκτην ἀπέστειλε σπονδὰς ποιη444 σόμενον, ὃν ὁ βάρβαρος κατέσχε τε καὶ ἐδέσμησεν. αὐτὸς δὲ τοῖς Τρύρκοις ἐπῆλθε καὶ ἐτρέψατό τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τῇ χώρᾳ σφῶν ἐλυμήνατο. εἶτα ἐπέστειλε τῷ Λέοντι μὴ ἄν ποτε σπείσασθαι, εἰ μὴ τοὺς