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to him and the Bulgarians. But they, being besides an independent multitude—for they were not yet completely subject to Nogai as his followers; for Nogai was then first beginning to revolt from his masters and was their friend, being on an equal footing, because he had been sent out with them by those masters, and he was acquiring the lands not for the Khan, as they would say, but seeing them to be good, he was appropriating them for himself with their help, at the same time hearing this, they hurried, like dogs, to gnaw away at good lands. And furthermore, the marriage alliance with Nogai was not yet established, which the emperor was later to arrange with him for his illegitimate daughter Euphrosyne. For these reasons, then, while the emperor, having gone around the western parts, was straining his journey toward the city, they, suddenly raiding with a great multitude, with 305 Constantine, passing through the difficult terrain of the Haemus, were openly encamped. But their formation was not one and established in one place, but they were scattered in herds by troops and in companies they attacked along with the others and did terrible things, plundering, slaughtering, carrying off, doing nothing that was not evil. The emperor, however, having heard as was likely what concerned them—for they were not making their invasions secretly and cautiously, but like a wild fire they quickly consumed the entire region—was suddenly shaken in his mind when the rumor rushed in, and was in every kind of helplessness as to which way he should turn. For it was not possible to fight in battle array; for the forces had been disbanded to their own homes, and he was returning with a few men and those of his court, and besides, the forces of the Tochars were invincible against the Romans. Nor, indeed, was it easy to flee; for having surrounded and encompassed the strongholds, they ran about everywhere with no fear, slaughtering some in great numbers, and carrying off others as wretched spoils for the barbarians, so that there was nowhere a man could go and expect to be saved fittingly as a free man. And indeed, having surrounded them, they were expected to engage with the emperor at any moment; for the distance of the road was not even half a day's ride, on either side of which the enemies were reported to be doing terrible things, so that they were encamping in the evening where the emperor had set out from in the morning, and others were setting out today from where he had stayed yesterday. Such was the confusion of the attackers at that time that they did not even stay in phalanxes, but ran out everywhere in the hope of plunder, overcoming all fear of suffering. And in turn, Constantine was carried on a wagon—for having once broken his leg, he was not able at that time to use his feet properly for travel, either on foot or, no less, on horseback—having the Bulgarians around him and always pressing on the emperor wherever he might camp, so as to capture him alone. For all those around the emperor, both his retinue and his household, each fearing for themselves, fled with all haste, one in one direction, another in another, slipping away, leaving the emperor to care for his own safety; for each one made it his business only to be saved, and provident fears prepared some to neglect their neighbor, and ill-timed cowardice 307 others, some expecting that of necessity they would be captured if they did not hurry, others, not even knowing what evil had befallen them, coming to the thought by seeing others, and for these reasons withdrawing to wherever one hoped to be saved. For it was not possible to receive the attacking enemies with shields locked in formation; for the one leading them was himself disturbed by the suddenness of it all and was considering how he might flee. Having at any rate a few men around him, and especially his closest associates and those in whom he had most trust, with them he was at one and the same time making retreats from terrors and encountering other terrors, so as to escape some, only to fall into others, and not to have time to be released from the first fears before expecting second ones that were greater; for even the very heights of the mountains presented the phantasm of enemies, as unspeakable cowardice rushed in. Nevertheless, the terror was also announced in other ways; for there was no one who, approaching or appearing ready, did not announce fear. And if anywhere anything was also prepared to descend against the enemies for the purpose of

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αὐτῷ καὶ Βουλγάροις. Οἱ δέ, καὶ ἄλλως πλῆθος ὄντες αὐτόνομον ἔτιοὔπω γὰρ τελέως τῷ Νογᾷ καθ' ὑπηκόους ὑποτετάχατο· ὁ γὰρ Νογᾶς τότε πρώτως ἀποστατεῖν τῶν δεσπο τῶν ἤρχετο καὶ φίλος ἦν κατ' αὐτοὺς ἐν ἴσῳ διάγων, ὅτι καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν ἀποσταλεὶς παρ' ἐκείνων, οὐ τῷ κάνῃ, ὡς αὐτοὶ φαῖεν, τὰς χώρας ἐκτᾶτο, ἀλλ' ἀρετώσας ἰδών, ἑαυτῷ σὺν ἐκείνοις ἐσφετερίζετο, ἅμ' ἀκούοντες τότε ἔσπευδον, δίκην κυνῶν, ἀγαθὰς χώρας κατατρωξείοντες. Ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ κῆδος τὸ πρὸς Νογᾶν οὔπω ἦν συνεστός, ὅπερ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐπὶ νόθῳ θυγατρὶ τῇ Εὐφροσύνῃ ὁ κρατῶν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἔμελλε συνιστᾶν. Ταῦτ' ἄρα καὶ ἅμα μὲν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, τὰ κατὰ δύσιν περιελθών, ἐνέτεινε τὰς ὁδούς, ἅμα δ' ἐκεῖνοι ἐξαίφνης καταδραμόντες, σὺν 305 Κωνσταντίνῳ τὰς δυσχωρίας τοῦ Αἵμου διεκπαίοντες παμπληθεί, φανερῶς ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο. Οὐκ ἦν δὲ τούτοις ἡ σύνταξις μία καὶ ἐφ' ἑνὶ τόπῳ κυροῦσα, ἀλλ' ἀγεληδὸν κατ' οὐλαμοὺς ἐσκεδάννυντο καὶ κατὰ λόχους ἅμα τοῖς ἄλλοις προσέβαλλον καὶ δεινὰ ἐποίουν, σκυλεύοντες, σφάττοντες, ἀπα γόμενοι, οὐδὲν ὅ τι τῶν κακῶν μὴ πράττοντες. Ὁ μέντοι γε βασιλεύς, τὰ κατ' αὐτοὺς ὡς εἰκὸς ἀκούσαςοὐδὲ γὰρ λάθρα καὶ πεφυλαγμένως τὰς εἰσβολὰς ἐποιοῦντο, ἀλλὰ δίκην πυρὸς ἀγρίου διὰ ταχέων τὸν χῶρον ἅπαντα διελάμβανον, τὰς φρένας κατασεισθεὶς ἀθρόον, ἐπεισπεσούσης τῆς φήμης, ἐν ἀμηχανίᾳ παντοίᾳ τοῦ ποῖ τράποιτο ἦν. Οὔτε γὰρ ἦν μάχεσθαι συνταξά μενον· αἱ γὰρ δυνάμεις προδιελύθησαν εἰς τὰ ἴδια, καὶ μετ' ὀλίγων ἐκεῖνος καὶ τῶν τῆς αὐλαίας αὐτοῦ ἐπανεζεύγνυ, καὶ ἄλλως δὲ ἀμάχητα πρὸς Ῥωμαίους τὰ τῶν Τοχάρων. Οὔτε μὴν φεύγειν εὐώδει· κύκλῳ γὰρ διειληφό τες καὶ περισχόντες τὰ ὀχυρώματα, σὺν οὐδενὶ φόβῳ διέθεον πανταχοῦ, οὓς μὲν σφάττοντες παμπληθεί, οὓς δὲ καὶ ἀπάγοντες ἐλεεινὰ τοῖς βαρβάροις σκῦλα, ὡς μηδὲν εἶναι ὅπου προβάς τις ἤθελε σῴζεσθαι ἐπιεικῶς ἐλεύθερον. Καὶ δὴ κύκλῳ περιστάντες ὅσον οὔπω προσμίξειν ἠλπίζοντο τῷ κρατοῦντι· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὅσον καὶ ἡμισείας ἡμέρας ἱππηλατοῦντι διάστημα ἦν τῆς ὁδοῦ, ἐφ' ὅσον παρ' ἑκάτερα οἱ πολέμιοι διηγγέλλοντο τὰ δεινὰ πράττειν, ὡς ἐκείνους ἑσπέρας κατασκηνοῦν ὅθεν πρωΐας ἐξώρμα ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ἄλλους ἐκεῖθεν ἐξορμᾶν τήμερον ὅπου χθὲς ἐκεῖνος κατέμεινε. Τόση τις ἦν τότε σύγχυσις τῶν ἐπιόντων ὡς μηδ' αὐτοὺς κατὰ φάλαγγας μένειν, ἀλλὰ πανταχοῦ ἐκθέειν λημμάτων ἐλπίδι ὑπὲρ δέος τοῦ παθεῖν ἅπαν. Ἦν δ' ἀνὰ μέρος καὶ ὁ Κωνσταντῖνος ἐφ' ἁμάξης φερόμενοςτὸ γὰρ σκέλος κατεαγώς ποτε, οὐκ εἶχε κατὰ τρόπον τοῖς ποσὶν εἰς ὁδὸν τότε χρᾶσθαι οὔτε πεζῇ, οὐχ ἧττον δὲ καὶ μεθ' ἵππων, τοὺς Βουλγάρους ἀμφ' αὑτὸν ἔχων καὶ αἰὲν βασιλεῖ ὅπῃ σκηνοίη ἐπέχων, ὡς καταληψόμενος μονωθέντα. Οἱ γὰρ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα πάντες, ὅσον ἦν θεραπευτικὸν καὶ οἰκίδιον, ἀμφ' αὑτοῖς ἕκαστος δείσαντες, ἄλλος ἄλλοσέ πῃ ὁρμῇ πάσῃ φεύγοντες παρεδύοντο, ἀφέντες καὶ βασιλέα περὶ ἑαυτοῦ φροντίζειν ὅπως σωθείη· σπουδὴν γὰρ ἕκαστος ἐποιεῖτο τοῦ μόνον σωθῆναι, καὶ ἀμελεῖν παρεσκεύαζον τοῦ πλησίον οὓς μὲν οἱ προμηθεῖς φόβοι, οὓς δὲ καὶ δειλίαι 307 ἄκαιροι, τοὺς μὲν ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης, εἰ μὴ σπουδάσαιεν, ἁλώσεσθαι προσ δοκῶντας, τοὺς δέ, μηδ' εἰδότας οἷ κακοῦ γεγόνασι, τῷ βλέπειν ἄλλους εἰς ἔννοιαν ἐρχομένους, καὶ διὰ ταῦτ' ἀποχωροῦντας ὅπῃ τις ἤλπιζε σωθήσεσθαι. Οὐ γὰρ ἦν συνησπικότας κατὰ συντάξεις ἐπιόντας δέχεσθαι τοὺς ἐχθρούς· ὁ γὰρ ἄγων ἐκείνους καὶ αὐτὸς συντετάρακτό τε τῷ αἰφνιδίῳ καὶ ὅπῃ φύγοι ἐσκέπτετο. Ὀλίγους γοῦν περὶ αὐτὸν ἔχων, καὶ μάλιστα τοὺς οἰκειοτάτους καὶ οἷς ἐπίστευε πλέον, σὺν ἐκείνοις ἅμα μὲν τὰς ὑποχωρήσεις τῶν φοβερῶν ἐποιεῖτο καὶ ἅμ' ἑτέροις φοβεροῖς προσέκρουεν, ὡς τοὺς μὲν ἀποδιδράσκειν, τοῖς δ' ἐμπίπτειν, καὶ τῶν προτέρων μὴ φθάνειν ἀνεῖσθαι φόβων καὶ δευ τέρους ἐκδέχεσθαι μείζους· καὶ γὰρ αὐτὰ τὰ τῶν ὀρῶν ἀναστήματα φαντασίαν παρεῖχον πολεμίων, ἐπεισπεσούσης δειλίας ἀφάτου. Ὅμως δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἠγγέλλετο τὸ δεινόν· οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅστις καὶ προσιὼν ἢ καὶ φανεὶς ἐξ ἑτοίμου οὐ φόβον ἤγγελλε. Κἄν πού τι καὶ παρεσκευάζετο πρὸς τοὺς ἐχθροὺς συγκατιέναι ἐπὶ τῷ