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that there are others who are healthy, and perhaps he would have blamed himself at some point for being the cause of his own state and would have taken thought for the means of deliverance from it. But now such a person, seeing that all men are subject to passions, makes himself equal to them and says it is impossible for him to become superior to all. Why this? So that he might die with the passion, the wretched man not wanting to be delivered from such an evil. For if he had wanted to, he would have been able, since he had received the power from God. For as many of us as have been baptized into His name, have received from Him the authority to cast off the former low birth of corruption like an old garment and to be called sons of God and to put on Christ.

But may it not be, brothers, that we become like those who are in such a state and think such things, being uncultivated and earthly. But may we follow Christ, who died for us and was raised (318) and lifted us up to the heavens, and always follow in His footsteps, being cleansed through repentance of the stain of sin and putting on the luminous tunic of the incorruption of the Spirit in Christ our God Himself, to whom is due all glory, honor, and worship, unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Discourse 25. (319)

Concerning the alteration of soul and body, of those from the air, of those from the elements, of those from foods, and of the demons which come upon us.

Brothers and fathers, a monk ought not only the things that happen in the soul

to know and understand alterations and changes, but also their causes, of what sort they may be and from where they happen to arise in him. For sometimes a sudden joy comes to the soul, and other times a sorrow likewise comes upon it and a severe heaviness. And sometimes it becomes full of compunction, but at other times the same soul is hardened and calloused like a stone. Again, at another time it becomes gentle and humble, and a little later arrogant and irascible and raging against all the brothers. And sometimes it becomes listless and lazy and un-eager for every good work, but at other times it is roused and watchful and eager for all obedience, so as to mock those with him and to rouse them to what is good. And sometimes it is composed and reverent, but at other times dissipated and shameless. And sometimes it lovingly remembers those who are absent and calls them to itself, but at other times it wishes to see neither them nor those who are present. (320) And sometimes it becomes so constricted in itself, as to despair of its own life, but at other times it is so expanded and exultation abounds in it, that it is not able to restrain itself, even if it tries to force it.

Now these things naturally happen concerning the natural movements of the soul and the body, when we are striving concerning the work of virtue and the fulfillment of the commandments. But just as the things of the soul are thus altered, in the same way the things of our mind are also altered and somehow change. For sometimes it is quick to understand and quicker to go through and discern concisely the things understood or seen by it, but at other times it becomes slow and dull in both. And sometimes the same mind becomes, as it were, senseless and speechless and deaf, but at other times well-disposed and eloquent, both able to hear and intelligent. And sometimes blind, but at other times seeing, forcing itself to enter into the depth and height of contemplation beyond the measure of human nature. And sometimes it is simple towards every contemplation and free, not at all remembering its former evils nor conceiving any of them at all, but at other times it is complex, as it were conceiving and devising things that are not happening and

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ἄν ὅτι εἰσί τινες ὑγιαίνοντες ἕτεροι, καί ἴσως ἐμέμψατο ἑαυτόν ποτε ὡς αἴτιον αὐτόν ἑαυτῷ χρηματίσαντα καί τά πρός ἀπαλλαγήν ταύτης ἐφρόντισε. Νυνί δέ τούς πάντας ἔχων ἐμπαθεῖς ὁ τοιοῦτος, αὐτοῖς ἑαυτόν ἐξισοῖ καί ἀδύνατον λέγει εἶναι τό ὑπέρ τούς πάντας γενέσθαι αὐτόν. Τί τοῦτο; Ἵνα συναποθάνῃ τῷ πάθει, μή θέλων τοῦ τοιούτου κακοῦ ἀπαλλαγῆναι ὁ ἄθλιος. Εἰ γάρ ἠβουλήθη, ἴσχυσεν ἄν, ὡς ἐκ Θεοῦ τό δύνασθαι εἰληφώς. Ὅσοι γάρ εἰς τό ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐβαπτίσθημεν, ἐξουσίαν ἐλάβομεν παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ τήν πρῴην δυσγένειαν τῆς φθορᾶς ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιόν ἀποδύσασθαι καί υἱοί Θεοῦ χρηματίσαι καί τόν Χριστόν ἐπενδύσασθαι.

Ἀλλά μή γένοιτο ἡμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, ἐξομοιωθῆναι τοῖς οὕτω ἔχουσι καί τοιαῦτα φρονοῦσι, κεχερσωμένοις οὖσι καί χοϊκοῖς. Γένοιτο δέ ἐξακολουθῆσαι Χριστῷ, τῷ ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἀποθανόντι καί ἐγερθέντι (318) καί εἰς οὐρανούς ἡμᾶς ἀνυψώσαντι, καί αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἴχνεσιν ἀεί ἕπεσθαι, καθαιρομένους διά τῆς μετανοίας τοῦ σπίλου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καί ἐπενδυομένους τόν φωτεινόν χιτῶνα τῆς ἀφθαρσίας τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν αὐτῷ Χριστῷ τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν, ᾧ πρέπει πᾶσα δόξα, τιμή καί προσκύνησις εἰς τούς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

Λόγος ΚΕ΄. (319)

Περί ἀλλοιώσεως ψυχῆς τε καί σώματος, τῶν ἐξ ἀέρος, τῶν ἐκ στοιχείων, τῶν ἐκ βρωμάτων καί τῶν δαιμόνων ἐπιγινομένων ἡμῖν.

Ἀδελφοί καί πατέρες, ὀφείλει ὁ μοναχός μή μόνον τάς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ γινομένας

ἀλλοιώσεις καί μεταβολάς ἐπίστασθαι καί νοεῖν, ἀλλά καί τάς αἰτίας αὐτῶν, ὁποῖαί ποτ᾿ ἄν ὦσι καί πόθεν ἐν αὐτῷ συμβαίνουσι γίνεσθαι. Ποτέ μέν γάρ αἰφνίδιος γίνεται χαρά τῇ ψυχῇ, ποτέ δέ λύπη ταύτῃ ὡσαύτως ἐπέρχεται καί βάρος σφοδρόν. Καί ποτέ μέν εὐκατάνυκτος γίνεται, ποτέ δέ σκληραίνεται ἡ αὐτή καί ὡς λίθος πεπώρωται. Ἄλλοτε πάλιν πραεῖα καί ταπεινή γίνεται καί μετά μικρόν μετέωρος καί θυμώδης καί λυσσῶσα πρός πάντας τούς ἀδελφούς. Καί ποτέ μέν χαύνη καί ῥᾴθυμος καί ἀπρόθυμος εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν γίνεται, ποτέ δέ διεγηγερμένη καί γρηγοροῦσα καί πρόθυμος εἰς πᾶσαν ὑπακοήν, ὡς καί τούς συνόντας σκώπτειν καί διεγείρειν πρός τό καλόν. Καί ποτέ μέν συνεσταλμένη ὑπάρχει καί εὐλαβής, ποτέ δέ διακεχυμένη καί ἀναιδής. Καί ποτέ μέν τῶν ἀπόντων ἀγαπητικῶς μεμνημένη καί προσκαλουμένη πρός ἑαυτήν, ποτέ δέ οὐδέ ἐκείνους οὐδέ τούς συνόντας βούλεται καθορᾶν. (320) Καί ποτέ μέν συμπνιγομένη ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτήν γίνεται, ὡς καί τήν ζωήν αὐτῆς ἀπολέγεσθαι, ποτέ δέ ἐπί τοσοῦτον πλατυνομένη καί ἡ ἀγαλλίασις ἐν ταύτῃ πληθύνεται, ὡς μηδέ ἐπισχεῖν δυναμένη ἑαυτήν, εἰ καί τοῦτο βιάζεται.

Ταῦτα μέν οὖν πέφυκε γίνεσθαι περί τάς φυσικάς κινήσεις τῆς ψυχῆς καί τοῦ σώματος, ὁπόταν ἐναγωνίως ἔχωμεν περί τήν ἐργασίαν τῆς ἀρετῆς καί τῶν ἐντολῶν τήν ἐκπλήρωσιν. Ἀλλά καθάπερ οὕτως ἀλλοιοῦται τά τῆς ψυχῆς, τόν αὐτόν τρόπον καί τά τοῦ νοός ἀλλοιοῦται ἡμῶν καί οὕτω πως μεταβάλλεται. Ποτέ μέν γάρ ὀξύς εἰς τό νοῆσαί ἐστι καί ὀξύτερος εἰς τό τά νοούμενα ἤτοι βλεπόμενα παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ διελθεῖν καί διακρῖναι συντόμως, ποτέ δέ ἀργός πρός τά ἀμφότερα γίνεται καί βραδύς. Καί ποτέ μέν ὁ αὐτός ἄνους οἱονεί καί ἄλαλος γίνεται καί κωφός, ποτέ δέ εὔνους τις καί εὔλαλος, ἀκουστικός τε ἅμα καί συνετός. Καί ποτέ μέν τυφλός, ποτέ δέ ὁρατικός, εἰς βάθος καί ὕψος θεωρίας ὑπέρ τό μέτρον τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως εἰσελθεῖν βιαζόμενος. Καί ποτέ μέν ἁπλοῦς πρός πᾶσαν θεωρίαν ἐστί καί ἐλεύθερος, μή μεμνημένος ὅλως τῶν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ γεγονότων κακῶν μηδέ τι τούτων ἐννοῶν τό καθόλου, ποτέ δέ ποικίλος, οἱονεί τά μή γινόμενα ἐννοῶν καί ἐπινοῶν καί