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the traditions which have prevailed in it and the writings of the saints, for which we are ready to put forth not only words, such as we are able to, but in addition to these also our own souls, if it be necessary; and for a reward for these words and this purpose we seek it neither from men, who can only give praise in such matters, for we do not look to this, nor from God; for a reward is not owed to those who are paying a debt. This, then, also imposes a necessity to write, the inescapability of the obligation. Having for a long time, however, abandoned the study and ambition concerning discourses, it is not at all as if I compose them without art, nor make the book a rose-garden (p. 572), or a lyre, or a trumpet, the one uttering something sweet-sounding and clear, the other by its rhythmical composition and the variation of its figures, through various modulations of tone, blending a single melodious harmony and through all things beautifying the discourse. For Attic graces and beauties of words and parallelisms, like flowers, adorn the meadow of discourses; if I should not be able to make use of these, though by nature I desire to speak beautifully, this too would be clear proof that we have come to speak out of necessity, and not for display. But of the meaning underlying the words, this I would say is the first beauty, which also belongs to the soul, insofar as it is possible, to look to God and to the truth; for from thence come to it the beautiful things that follow, even if there is something more ancient than this in another way.

But I think it is fitting before the particular refutations to make that clear: for what reason this man has made it his business with the greatest possible zeal to declare the deifying grace of the Spirit to be created, having established this for himself as the subject of his treatise, even though he himself agrees, if unwillingly, that such grace is called divinity and self-divinity and divine principle by the saints? For what reason, then, is he not persuaded to say that the grace of the Spirit is uncreated, and declares those who are so persuaded to be impious, and moves every stone, as the saying goes, to show everyone that this is created, saying that it is a natural imitation and a defined and visible habit of the rational nature, perceptible by sense perception? He gratifies his kinsmen the Latins as much as he can, subtly and at the same time violently drawing us down to their way of thinking. For when we hear that the Spirit is given from the Son and poured out upon us through the Son, and then also the great Basil saying, "God poured out the Spirit upon us richly through (p. 574) his Son; He poured out, He did not create; He bestowed as a gift, He did not fashion; He gave, He did not make," and we have been persuaded that grace is created, what shall we say is given and bestowed as a gift and poured out through the Son? Not that which energizes the grace, if we were to say that it alone is without beginning, but that all its energy is created, just as this new theologian maintains? Is this not, then, plainly the very opinion of the Latins, for which they have been driven out from the enclosures of our Church, that not the grace, but the Holy Spirit Itself is sent also from the Son and poured out through the Son? Do you see his deep, concealed counsel and the deceitful and malicious nature of the undertaking?

And why would he not hasten to this in every way and move every device and attack with excessive curiosity, since he openly could not—he who last year was sent as ambassador by our most divine emperor to Italy and upper Gaul as if to stir up those people against the Persians as spring approached, but he himself, having forgotten the purpose of the embassy, as later became clear from his actions, sided with the pope and pronounced that his prayers would be his salvation on the journey, which, he himself says, he stretched out before him, and then also having pressed his lips to him and having kissed his knee with pleasure, as it seems, and reverence, and having placed his head under his hands and having received the seal from there with joy? For if not with true joy but with hypocrisy, by what will he prove his sincerity towards us? To those who

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κεκρατηκυίας ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς παραδόσεις καί τά τῶν ἁγίων συγγράμματα, ὑπέρ ὧν ἡμεῖς οὐ λόγους μόνον, ὁποίους ἄν οἷοί τε ὦμεν, ἕτοιμοι προέσθαι, πρός δέ τούτοις καί τάς ἡμετέρας, εἰ δεήσει, ψυχάς˙ μισθόν δέ τῶν λόγων τούτων καί τῆς προθέσεως οὔτε παρ᾿ ἀνθρώπων ζητοῦμεν, ὅν ἔχουσι διδόναι μόνον ἐπί τῶν τοιούτων τόν ἔπαινον, οὐδέ γάρ πρός τοῦτον ὁρῶμεν, οὔτε παρά Θεοῦ˙ μισθός γάρ ἀποδιδοῦσιν οὐ χρεωστεῖται. Τοῦτο μέν οὖν καί ἀνάγκην ἐπιτίθησι γράφειν, τό τῆς ὀφειλῆς ἀπαραίτητον. Ἐκ πολλοῦ μέντοι τῆς περί λόγους μελέτης καί φιλοτιμίας ἀφέμενος, οὐδέν οἷον εἰ μή σύν τέχνῃ τούτους ποιοῦμαι, μηδέ ροδωνιάν (σελ. 572) ἀποδείκνυμι τό βιβλίον, ἤ λύραν ἤ σάλπιγγα, τοῦτο μέν εὔηχόν τι φθεγγόμενος καί τορόν, ἐκεῖνο δ᾿ ὑπό τῆς εὐρύθμου συνθήκης καί τῆς τῶν σχημάτων ὑπαλλαγῆς διά ποικίλων τῶν τοῦ τόνου κρουμάτων μίαν ἁρμονίαν ἐμμελῆ κεραννύς καί διά πάντων ὡραΐζων τόν λόγον. Ἀττικαί γάρ χάριτες καί ὀνομάτων κάλλη καί παρισότητες, οἷον ἄνθη τῶν λειμῶνα τῶν λόγων καταγλαΐζουσιν˙ αἷς εἰ μή καταχρῆσθαι δυναίμην, καίτοι καλληρρομονεῖν ἐφίεσθαι πεφυκώς, ἐναργές ἄν εἴη καί τοῦτο δεῖγμα τοῦ πρός ἀνάγκην, ἀλλά μή πρός ἐπίδειξιν ἡμᾶς ἐπί τό λέγειν ἀφῖχθαι. Τῆς γε μήν ἐναποκειμένης διανοίας τοῖς ρήμασι τοῦτ᾿ ἄν φαίην ἐγώ πρῶτον κάλλος, ὅ καί ψυχῆς ἐφ᾿ ὅσον οἷόν τε πρός τόν Θεόν καί τήν ἀλήθειαν βλέπειν˙ ἐκεῖθεν γάρ αὐτῇ τά μετά τοῦτο καλά, κἄν ἦ τι τούτου πρεσβύτερον τρόπον ἕτερον.

Προσῆκον δ᾿ εἶναι νομίζω πρό τῶν κατά μέρος ἐλέγχων ἐκεῖνο ποιῆσαι δῆλον˙ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὗτος τήν τοῦ Πνεύματος θεοποιόν χάριν κτιστήν ἀποφῆναι διά πλείστης ὅσης σπουδῆς ἐποιήσατο, τοῦτ᾿ αὐτός ἑαυτῷ τοῦ λογογραφεῖν ὑπόθεσιν ἐνστησάμενος, καίτοι συνθέμενος καί αὐτός, εἰ καί μή ἑκών εἶναι, θεότητα καί αὐτοθεότητα καί θεαρχίαν ὑπό τῶν ἁγίων τήν τοιαύτην προσειρῆσθαι χάριν; Τίνος οὖν χάριν τήν τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριν ἄκτιστον αὐτός τε φάναι οὐ πείθεται καί τούς πειθομένους δυσεβεῖς ἀποφαίνεται καί πάντα λίθον, τό τοῦ λόγου, κινεῖ πᾶσι ταύτην ὑποδεῖξαι κτιστήν, μίμησιν αὐτήν εἶναι φυσικήν λέγων καί τῆς λογικῆς φύσεως ἕξιν ὡρισμένην τε καί ὁρωμένην αἰσθήσει ᾗ αἰσθήσει; Τοῖς ὁμοφύλοις Λατίνοις ᾗ δυνάμεως ἔχει χαρίζεται, πρός τό ἐκείνων φρόνημα δολίως ἅμα καί βιαίως ἡμᾶς ὑφελκόμενος. Ὅταν γάρ ἀκούσωμεν ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ διδόμενον τό Πνεῦμα καί δι᾿ Υἱοῦ ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς προχεόμενον, εἶτα καί τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου λέγοντος, «ἐξέχεεν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεός τό Πνεῦμα πλουσίως διά (σελ. 574) τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ˙ ἐξέχεεν οὐκ ἔκτισεν, ἐχαρίσατο οὐκ ἐδημιούργησεν, ἔδωκεν οὐκ ἐποίησεν», ὦμεν δ᾿ ἀναπεπεισμένοι κτιστήν τήν χάριν εἶναι, τί ἐροῦμεν δίδοσθαι καί χαρίζεσθαι καί προχεῖσθαι διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ; Οὐκ αὐτό τό τήν χάριν ἐνεργοῦν, εἶπερ ἐκεῖνο μόνον ἄναρχον εἶναι φαῖμεν, πᾶσαν δέ ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ κτιστήν, καθάπερ ὁ νέος οὗτος ἰσχυρίζεται θεολόγος; Ἆρ᾿ οὖν οὐ τοῦτ᾿ αὐτό ἐστιν ἄντικρυς τό τῶν Λατίνων φρόνημα, δι᾿ ὅ τῶν τῆς καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς Ἐκκλησίας ἀπελήλανται περιβόλων, ὅτι οὐχ ἡ χάρις, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτό τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον κἀκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ πέμπεται καί διά τοῦ Υἱοῦ προχεῖται; Ὁρᾶτε τήν βαθεῖαν αὐτοῦ συνεσκιασμένην βουλήν καί τό δολερόν καί κακοῦργον τοῦ ἐγχειρήματος;

Τί δ᾿ οὐκ ἔμελλεν ἐπί τοῦτο παντί τρόπῳ σπεύδειν καί πᾶσαν μηχανήν κινεῖν καί περιέργως προσβάλλειν, ἐπειδή φανερῶς οὐκ εἶχεν ὁ πέρυσι παρά τοῦ θειοτάτου βασιλέως ἡμῶν πρεσβευτής εἰς Ἰταλίαν καί τάς ἄνω Γαλλίας ἀπεσταλμένος ὡς ἐπί Πέρσας ἐκείνου ἐγεῖραι στείλασθαι προσελαύνοντος ἦρος, αὐτός δέ τοῦ μέν σκοποῦ τῆς πρεσβείας ἐπιλαθόμενος, ὡς ὕστερον ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἐφάνη, προσχωρήσας δέ τῷ πάπᾳ καί τάς εὐχάς ἐκείνου σωτηρίους αὐτῷ γενέσθαι κατά τήν ὁδόν ἐπειπών, ἅς αὐτός φησιν, ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ διετείνατο, εἶτα καί προσφύσας μέν ἐκείνῳ τά χείλη καί τό γόνυ μεθ᾿ ἡδονῆς, ὡς ἔοικε, καί σεβάσματος ἀσπασάμενος, τήν δέ κεφαλήν ὑποθείς ταῖς ἐκείνου χερσί καί τήν ἐκεῖθεν σφραγῖδα χαίρων δεξάμενος; Εἰ γάρ μή χαίρων ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀλλ᾿ ὑποκρινόμενος, τίνι πιστώσεται τό πρός ἡμᾶς ἀνυπόκριτον; Τοῖς πρός