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had happened and in a state of confusion. And since it was also 1.341 the emperor's opinion, between Sozopolis and Anchialus in the place called Cremni they held their meeting and made a firm treaty for life and an alliance, and having disbanded, they returned home. 2. The emperor, considering it a terrible thing that the Persians were always campaigning against the Romans, but they never against them, decided that it was necessary to cross over to the east and attack the barbarians in Bithynia; for they were still encamped in the plains, as spring was already half over, in the month of May; and summoning the ruler of Mesothynia, the protokynēgos Kontophre, he took counsel concerning the invasion against the barbarians. For indeed Kontophre had experience in barbarian affairs not only because he was governor of Mesothynia, but he was also in other respects a good man and experienced in many wars, especially the Persian ones, as one who from his earliest youth had been brought up in their customs and ways of life. And Kontophre encouraged the emperor for the war against the barbarians, and said that he would gladly see that day on which it would be possible for the Romans to exact justice from the barbarians for the many wrongs they had committed against them. And he suggested not to delay, since the barbarians were on the verge of withdrawing from the plains to the more mountainous regions, avoiding the heat of the summer; 1.342 for this was their custom, being nomads. And when it had been decided to campaign against the barbarians and not to delay, the emperor, having gathered the army from Byzantium and Didymoteicho and Adrianople and Thrace (for it was not possible to summon that from Macedonia and the rest of the west; for time was pressing and Kontophre, coming again from Mesothynia and declaring that now was the time to attack the barbarians, as they were on the point of withdrawing to the difficult terrain of the mountainous region), taking the assembled army, crossed over to the east, as spring was now ending, at the place called Skoutarion. And when the emperor's attack was announced to the barbarians, as many as were nomads scattered throughout Bithynia, taking up their tents and their flocks and their other baggage, went up to the higher parts of the mountains, and farther than was their custom. But Orkhanes, the satrap of the Persians there, taking up all his infantry and cavalry forces, when he learned that the emperor was intending to go through Mesothynia, which had many difficult passes and natural strongholds, trusting not so much in his own force as in the position of the place, came into Mesothynia and established his army in high and inaccessible places. The emperor, having completed a two-day journey from Skoutarion, on the third day at dawn, when they were again on the same road, the Persian army appeared from afar, established in high places. And having advanced a little, the emperor also made camp in a place called Pelekanon, 1.343 and having gathered his officers, they deliberated on what should be done. It seemed best then not to advance further, partly because the nomad Persians, whom they were marching against to enslave, having perceived the attack, had fled, and partly because, with the places through which they were about to pass being difficult and narrow, and with an army of both infantry and cavalry encamped opposite them, it was not necessary to risk danger for no gain. But so that they might not seem to be turning back out of fear of the barbarians, on the next day at dawn they should arm themselves and draw up on the plain opposite the barbarians as if for battle. And if they, leaving the difficult terrain, should wish to fight it out with them on level ground, they too would show their own valor; but if they would not leave the difficult terrain, they were to take the road leading to Byzantium in an orderly fashion, showing by their action that they decamped to their home not through cowardice, but because they had no one with whom to engage. So indeed it was decided; and they bivouacked that night at Pelekanon, and at dawn, after the customary hymns to God, the emperor ordered the trumpet to signal the army to arm. And when they were armed, they came opposite the barbarians, drawn up as

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γεγενῆσθαι καὶ τεταραγμένως. καὶ ἐπεὶ κατὰ 1.341 γνώμην ἦν καὶ βασιλεῖ, μεταξὺ Σωζοπόλεως καὶ Ἀγχιάλου ἐν τοῖς λεγομένοις Κρημνοῖς ἐποιήσαντο τὴν συντυχίαν καὶ σπονδὰς ἔθεντο βεβαίας διὰ βίου καὶ συμμαχίαν, καὶ διαλυθέντες ἀνεχώρησαν ἐπ' οἴκου. ʹ. Βασιλεὺς δὲ ἐν δεινῷ τιθέμενος τὸ Πέρσας μὲν ἀεὶ Ῥωμαίοις ἐπιστρατεύειν, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἐκείνοις μηδαμῶς, ἔγνω δεῖν πρὸς τὴν ἕω περαιωθεὶς, τοῖς κατὰ Βιθυνίαν βαρβάροις ἐπιθέσθαι· ἔτι γὰρ ἐσκήνουν ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις, ἔαρος ἤδη μεσοῦντος κατὰ μῆνα Μάϊον· καὶ μετακαλεσάμενος τὸν τῆς Μεσοθηνίας ἄρχοντα τὸν πρωτοκυνηγὸν Κοντοφρὲ, ἐβουλεύετο περὶ τῆς κατὰ τῶν βαρβάρων εἰσβολῆς. ἦν γὰρ δὴ ὁ Κοντοφρὲ οὐ διὰ τὸ Μεσοθηνίας ἐπιτροπεύειν μόνον πεῖραν ἔχων τῶν κατὰ τοὺς βαρβάρους πραγμάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλως ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ πολλῶν πολέμων ἔμπειρος καὶ μάλιστα τῶν Περσικῶν, οἷα δὴ ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας τοῖς ἤθεσί τε καὶ ταῖς διατριβαῖς αὐτῶν ἐντραφείς. Κοντοφρὲ δὲ ἐπέῤῥωσέ τε τὸν βασιλέα πρὸς τὸν κατὰ τῶν βαρβάρων πόλεμον, καὶ ἡδέως ἔλεγεν ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ἂν ἰδεῖν, ἐν ᾗ ἀπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐξέσται Ῥωμαίοις, ὧν εἰς αὐτοὺς ὑπῆρξαν, πολλῶν ἀδικιῶν δίκας λαβεῖν. ὑπετίθει τε μὴ μέλλειν, ὡς ὅσον οὔπω τῶν βαρβάρων ἀπὸ τῶν πεδινῶν ἐπὶ τὰ ὀρεινότερα ἀναχωρησόντων, τὴν ἀλέαν ἐκκλινόντων τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ θέρους· 1.342 οὕτω γὰρ εἶναι αὐτοῖς ἔθος οὖσι νομάσιν. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐδέδοκτο ἐπιστρατεύειν τοῖς βαρβάροις καὶ μὴ μέλλειν, τὴν ἐκ Βυζαντίου καὶ ∆ιδυμοτείχου καὶ Ἀδριανουπόλεως καὶ Θρᾴκης συναθροίσας στρατιὰν, οὐ γὰρ ἐξῆν τήν τε ἐκ Μακεδονίας καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἑσπέρας μετακαλεῖσθαι· κατήπειγε γὰρ ὁ καιρὸς καὶ ὁ Κοντοφρὲ πάλιν ἐκ Μεσοθηνίας ἐλθὼν καὶ φάσκων νῦν εἶναι καιρὸν ἐπιθέσθαι τοῖς βαρβάροις, ὡς ὅσον οὔπω πρὸς τὰς δυσχωρίας ἀποχωρήσουσι τῆς ὀρεινῆς, τὴν ἠθροισμένην στρατιὰν λαβὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς, ἐπεραιώθη πρὸς τὴν ἕω, λήγοντος ἤδη ἔαρος, κατὰ τὸ Σκουτάριον προσαγορευόμενον. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἠγγέλθη τοῖς βαρβάροις ἡ τοῦ βασιλέως ἔφοδος, ὅσοι μὲν ἦσαν νομάδες κατὰ τὴν Βιθυνίαν διεσκεδασμένοι σκηνάς τε ἀναλαβόντες καὶ βοσκήματα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀποσκευὴν, ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλότερα ἀνῆλθον τῶν ὀρῶν, καὶ ποῤῥωτέρω ἢ ἐξ ἔθους ἦν αὐτοῖς. Ὀρχάνης δὲ ὁ τῶν αὐτόθι Περσῶν σατράπης, ὅση ἦν αὐτῷ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ δύναμις ἀναλαβὼν, ἐπεὶ ἐπύθετο, τὸν βασιλέα διὰ Μεσοθηνίας μέλλοντα ἰέναι, πολλὰς ἐχούσης δυσχωρίας καὶ ὀχυρότητας αὐτοφυεῖς, οὐ τῇ σφετέρᾳ δυνάμει μᾶλλον ἢ τῇ θέσει θαῤῥήσας τοῦ τόπου, εἰς Μεσοθηνίαν ἐλθὼν, ὑψηλοῖς χωρίοις καὶ δυσπροσόδοις ἐγκαθίδρυσε τὴν στρατιάν. βασιλεὺς δὲ ἀπὸ Σκουταρίου δυεῖν ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν ἀνύσας, τῇ τρίτῃ ἅμα ἕῳ, ἐπεὶ πάλιν τῆς αὐτῆς εἴχοντο ὁδοῦ, καὶ ἡ Περσικὴ στρατιὰ ἐφάνη ἄπωθεν ἐν χωρίοις ὑψηλοῖς ἐγκαθιδρυμένη. ὀλίγον δὲ προελθὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς, ἐστρατοπέδευσε καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν χωρίῳ Πελεκάνῳ προσαγορευομένῳ, 1.343 καὶ τοὺς ἐν τέλει συναγαγὼν, ἐβουλεύοντο ὅ, τι δέοι ποιεῖν. ἐδόκει δὴ περαιτέρω μὴ προβαίνειν, ἅμα μὲν καὶ διὰ τὸ τοὺς νομάδας Πέρσας οἷς ἐπῄεσαν ὡς ἐξανδραποδισόμενοι, τὴν ἔφοδον αἰσθομένους διαδρᾶναι, ἅμα δ' ὅτι, τῶν τε χωρίων δυσβάτων καὶ στενῶν ὄντων, δι' ὧν ἔμελλον διϊέναι, καὶ στρατιᾶς ἀντιστρατοπεδευομένης πεζῆς τε καὶ ἱππικῆς, οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον διακινδυνεύειν ἐπὶ κέρδει οὐδενί. ἵνα δὲ μὴ δοκοῖεν τῷ δέει τῶν βαρβάρων ἀναστρέφειν, εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν ἅμα ἕῳ ὁπλισαμένους ἐπὶ τοῦ πεδίου κατέναντι τῶν βαρβάρων παρατάξασθαι ὡς εἰς μάχην. κἂν μὲν αὐτοὶ τῆς δυσχωρίας ἀποστάντες, ἐπὶ τοῦ ὁμαλοῦ θελήσωσι διαγωνίσασθαι αὐτοῖς, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐπιδείξεσθαι τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρετήν· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ αὐτοὶ τῆς δυσχωρίας ἀφιστῶνται, τῆς εἰς Βυζάντιον ἔχεσθαι φερούσης τεταγμένως, ἔργῳ δείξαντας, ὡς οὐ διὰ δειλίαν, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν οἷστισι συμβαλοῦσιν, ἀνέζευξαν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν. οὕτω μὲν δὴ ἐδέδοκτο· καὶ ηὐλίσαντο τὴν νύκτα ἐκείνην κατὰ τὸν Πελεκάνον, ἅμα δὲ ἕῳ μετὰ τοὺς εἰωθότας ὕμνους πρὸς θεὸν τῇ σάλπιγγι ἐκέλευεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῇ στρατιᾷ τὴν ἐφόπλισιν σημαίνειν. ἐπεὶ δὲ ὡπλίσαντο, κατέναντι τῶν βαρβάρων ἦλθον, παρατεταγμένοι ὡς