122

not to withstand them as they approached, but to fall back toward the difficult terrain and the men stationed in it, it is necessary for you to advance leisurely and in formation until you are within bowshot, but when you get close, to use all speed and courage, at the same time closing the no-man's-land so that you are not leisurely shot at with many arrows, and at the same time, so that you might overtake the withdrawal of the barbarians and do them harm; But do not make the pursuit for very long, nor, lifted up by rashness, thrust yourselves into danger; but when you reach their reserve troops, fall back again to the plain, maintaining your formation and defending yourselves against the attacking barbarians.” 1.347 Such things did the emperor exhort his soldiers, at the same time praying for them for help from the Almighty and victory. And they, after doing obeisance to the emperor and saying that they would either conquer nobly or die gloriously, and arming themselves with the cross, advanced against the barbarians in formation and at a leisurely pace. Their general was Exotrochos the Grand Hetaeriarch. And the barbarians likewise advanced against them. And when they were near to each other, so as to be within bowshot, the Romans, as they had been commanded by the emperor, letting go all reins, charged the Persians with all possible speed; but the barbarians, having held their ground for a short time and loosing arrows against the Romans, thinking thus to turn back their attack, when they saw them advancing steadfastly and caring not a bit for the arrows, they were immediately turned to flight. In the flight about forty of them were killed, and the rest were saved by fleeing to the difficult terrain and the men stationed behind them. But of the Romans, no one was killed or wounded; but a few horses were wounded. Withdrawing from the pursuit, they stood again on the plain as at a starting-line, awaiting the attack of the barbarians; and the Persians, after delaying a little with their own men and taking up others more numerous than the fallen, went against the Romans. And when again, just as before, they came close, with the Romans using the same speed and eagerness, the barbarians were once again turned to flight and 1.348 about thirty of them were killed in the pursuit; but of the Romans, no one was killed or wounded, except for some of the horses. But Orchanes, seeing from the hill his own men already defeated twice, both encouraged the barbarians and sent an army to their aid. The emperor for his part both praised his own men for their courage and manliness and urged them not to relax their daring, as they would always be superior to the barbarians, and he sent a capable army against the barbarians. And when the armies came near, again the Persians held their ground for a longer time; but being forced back nevertheless by the Romans, they were turned in flight towards their own men and a few of them fell. Such clashes and retreats, then, did the Persians make against the Romans until the afternoon of the day, mostly at the beginning of summer, as the month of June was beginning. And in all the engagements the Romans were victorious; but they were not able to overcome them decisively, both because the Persian army was surrounded by deep ravines, offering no opportunity for encirclement to the Romans, and also because the plain itself, on which the Persians came down and fought, was everywhere cut through with natural trenches, in which many archers were stationed, who deprived the Romans of a complete victory by shooting from their strongholds; and the emperor was not able to bring his whole army against them because of the unevenness of the place. From that moment Orchanes, thinking it was time for a more vigorous attack, having selected another thousand of the Persians, 1.349 ordered them to go down to the plain and attack the Romans together with the three hundred. And the emperor, when he saw them coming down, having fittingly thanked the soldiers who had fought before for their manliness, and having praised their general Exotrochos for his experience and his daring,

122

ἐπιόντας οὐχ ὑφίστασθαι, ἀλλ' ὑπαναχωρεῖν πρὸς τὰς δυσχωρίας καὶ τοὺς τεταγμένους ἐν αὐταῖς, δέον καὶ ὑμᾶς μέχρι μὲν τοῦ ἐν ἐφικτῷ τῶν τοξευμάτων γίνεσθαι σχολῇ βαδίζειν καὶ τεταγμένως, ἐπειδὰν δὲ γένησθε ἐγγὺς, ὀξύτητι πάσῃ χρῆσθαι καὶ εὐψυχίᾳ, ἅμα μὲν τὸ μεταίχμιον συναιροῦντας ὡς ἂν μὴ κατὰ σχολὴν βάλλησθε τοῖς βέλεσι συχνοῖς, ἅμα δ', ἵνα καὶ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν τῶν βαρβάρων φθάνοντες αὐτοὺς κακῶς ποιῆτε· τὴν δίωξιν δὲ μὴ ἐπιπολὺ ποιεῖσθαι, μηδὲ θρασύτητι ἐπαιρομένους, ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τοὺς κινδύνους εἰσωθεῖν· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὰν ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτάκτοις γένησθε ἐκείνοις, πάλιν ὑπαναχωρεῖν πρὸς τὸ πεδίον, τὴν τάξιν τε φυλάττειν καὶ ἐπιόντας ἀμύνεσθαι τοὺς βαρβάρους.» 1.347 Τοιαῦτα μὲν ὁ βασιλεὺς παρεκελεύσατο τοῖς στρατιώταις, ἅμα καὶ βοήθειαν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ κρείττονος καὶ νίκην ἐπευξάμενος αὐτοῖς. οἱ δὲ προσκυνήσαντές τε βασιλέα καὶ ἢ καλῶς νικήσειν ἢ εὐκλεῶς τεθνήξεσθαι εἰπόντες, σταυρῷ τε καθοπλίσαντες ἑαυτοὺς, ἐχώρουν κατὰ τῶν βαρβάρων τεταγμένως καὶ κατὰ σχολήν. ἐστρατήγει δὲ αὐτῶν Ἐξώτροχος ὁ μέγας ἑταιρειάρχης. ἀντεπῄεσαν δὲ καὶ οἱ βάρβαροι αὐτοῖς ὁμοίως. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἦσαν ἐγγὺς ἀλλήλων ὅσον ἐφικνεῖσθαι τοῖς τοξεύμασιν, οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν, ᾗ αὐτοῖς προσετέτακτο πρὸς βασιλέως, ὅλους ἀνέντες χαλινοὺς, ὅσον ἐνῆν ὀξέως ἐπεφέροντο τοῖς Πέρσαις· οἱ βάρβαροι δὲ καρτερήσαντες μὲν ἐπὶ μικρὸν καὶ βέλη κατὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἀφέντες, οἰόμενοι οὕτως ἂν ἀποτρέψαι τῆς ὁρμῆς, ἐπεὶ ἑώρων αὐτοὺς ἀτρέπτως ἐπιόντας καὶ οὐδὲ ὀλίγα φροντίζοντας τῶν οἰστῶν, εἰς φυγὴν ἐτράποντο εὐθύς. ἐν δὲ τῇ φυγῇ ἀπέθανον περὶ τεσσαράκοντα αὐτῶν, οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ διεσώθησαν πρὸς τὰς δυσχωρίας καὶ τοὺς τεταγμένους ὄπισθεν καταφυγόντες. Ῥωμαίων δὲ ἀπέθανεν οὐδεὶς οὔτε ἐτρώθη· ἵπποι δὲ ἐγένοντο ὀλίγοι τραυματίαι. ἀναχωρήσαντες δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς διώξεως, ἔστησαν ἐπὶ τοῦ πεδινοῦ πάλιν ὡς ἐπὶ βαλβίδος, τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν βαρβάρων περιμένοντες· οἱ Πέρσαι δὲ μικρὸν ἐνδιατρίψαντες τοῖς οἰκείοις καὶ πλείους τῶν πεσόντων προσλαβόμενοι ἑτέρους, ᾔεσαν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους. καὶ ἐπεὶ πάλιν ὥσπερ καὶ πρότερον ἐγένοντο ἐγγὺς, τῇ ἴσῃ καὶ ὀξύτητι καὶ προθυμίᾳ τῶν Ῥωμαίων χρησαμένων, ἐτράπησάν τε αὖθις εἰς φυγὴν οἱ βάρβαροι καὶ 1.348 περὶ τριάκοντα αὐτῶν ἀπέθανον ἐν τῇ διώξει· Ῥωμαίων δὲ οὐδεὶς, οὔτε ἐτρώθη, εἰ μὴ ἔνιοι τῶν ἵππων. Ὀρχάνης δὲ ὁρῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ λόφου τοὺς ἰδίους ἤδη ἡσσημένους δὶς, παρεθάῤῥυνέ τε τοὺς βαρβάρους καὶ ἐπεβοήθει πέμψας στρατιάν. βασιλεὺς δὲ ἐπῄνει τε τοὺς ἰδίους καὶ αὐτὸς τῆς εὐψυχίας ἕνεκα καὶ τῆς ἀνδρίας καὶ παρεκάλει μὴ ὑφίεσθαι τῆς τόλμης, ὡς ἀεὶ κρείττους τῶν βαρβάρων ἐσομένους, ἔπεμπέ τε καὶ στρατιὰν ἀξιόμαχον πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους. καὶ γενομένων ἐγγὺς τῶν στρατευμάτων, πάλιν ἀντέσχον μὲν οἱ Πέρσαι ἐπὶ πλέον· ἐκβιασθέντες δ' ὅμως ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων, ἐτράπησαν εἰς φυγὴν πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους καὶ ἔπεσον ὀλίγοι ἐξ αὐτῶν. τοιαύτας μὲν δὴ τὰς συμπλοκὰς καὶ τὰς ἀναχωρήσεις οἱ Πέρσαι πρὸς τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐποιοῦντο ἄχρι δείλης τῆς ἡμέρας ἐν ἀρχαῖς μάλιστα τοῦ θέρους, Ἰουνίου μηνὸς ἐνισταμένου. καὶ κατὰ πάσας μὲν τὰς συμβολὰς ἐνίκων οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι· κατὰ κράτος δὲ αὐτῶν περιγενέσθαι οὐκ ἠδύναντο, ἅμα μὲν διὰ τὸ φάραγγας βαθείας περιβεβλῆσθαι τὴν Περσῶν στρατιὰν καὶ μηδεμίαν κύκλωσιν παρέχειν τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις, ἅμα δ', ὅτι καὶ τὸ πεδίον, ἐν ᾧ κατιόντες διηγωνίζοντο οἱ Πέρσαι, τάφροις αὐτοφυέσι καὶ αὐτὸ διατετμημένον ἦν πανταχοῦ, ἐν οἷς τοξόται ἱστάμενοι πολλοὶ τὴν τελείαν νίκην ἀφῃροῦντο Ῥωμαίους, βάλλοντες ἐκ τῶν ὀχυρωμάτων· τήν τε στρατιὰν αὐτοῖς πᾶσαν βασιλέα οὐκ ἐξῆν ἐπαγαγεῖν διὰ τοῦ τόπου τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν. ἐξ ἐκείνου δὲ ὁ Ὀρχάνης νομίσας καιρὸν εἶναι καὶ σφοδροτέρας προσβολῆς, χιλίους ἑτέρους ἀπολεξάμενος τῶν Περσῶν, ἐκέ 1.349 λευσεν εἰς τὸ πεδίον καταβάντας ἅμα τοῖς τριακοσίοις προσβαλεῖν Ῥωμαίοις. βασιλεύς τε ἐπεὶ ἐκείνους ἑώρα κατιόντας, τοῖς τε πρότερον μαχομένοις στρατιώταις τῆς ἀνδρίας ἕνεκα εὐχαριστήσας τὰ εἰκότα καὶ τὸν στρατηγὸν αὐτῶν Ἐξώτροχον ἐπαινέσας καὶ τῆς ἐμπειρίας καὶ τῆς τόλμης,