Chapter XI.—The Mystical Meanings in the Proportions of Numbers, Geometrical Ratios, and Music.

As then in astronomy we have Abraham as an instance, so also in arithmetic we have the same Abraham. “For, hearing that Lot was taken captive, and having numbered his own servants, born in his house, 318 (τιὴ1510    Gen. xiv. 14. In Greek numerals.),” he defeats a very great number of the enemy.

They say, then, that the character representing 300 is, as to shape, the type of the Lord’s sign,1511    The Lord’s sign is the cross, whose form is represented by T; Ιη (the other two letters of τιή, 318) are the first two letters of the name Ἰησοῦς (Jesus). and that the Iota and the Eta indicate the Saviour’s name; that it was indicated, accordingly, that Abraham’s domestics were in salvation, who having fled to the Sign and the Name became lords of the captives, and of the very many unbelieving nations that followed them.

Now the number 300 is, 3 by 100. Ten is allowed to be the perfect number. And 8 is the first cube, which is equality in all the dimensions—length, breadth, depth. “The days of men shall be,” it is said, “120 (ρκ´) years.”1512    Gen. vi. 3. And the sum is made up of the numbers from 1 to 15 added together.1513    The sum of the numbers from 1 to 15 inclusive is 120. And the moon at 15 days is full.

On another principle, 120 is a triangular1514    “Triangular numbers are those which can be disposed in a triangle, as 3 ∴, 6, etc, being represented by the formula (x2 + x)/2” (Liddell and Scott’s Lexicon). Each side of the triangle of courses contains an equal number of units, the sum of which amounts to the number. [Elucidation VI.] number, and consists of the equality1515    This number is called equality, because it is composed of eight numbers, an even number; as fifty-six is called inequality, because it is composed of seven numbers, an odd number. of the number 64, [which consists of eight of the odd numbers beginning with unity],1516    The clause within brackets has been suggested by Hervetus to complete the sense. the addition of which (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15) in succession generate squares;1517    That is, 1+3+5+7+11+13+15=120; and 1+3=4+5=9+7=16+9=25+11=36+13=49+15=64, giving us the numbers 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, the squares of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. and of the inequality of the number 56, consisting of seven of the even numbers beginning with 2 (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14), which produce the numbers that are not squares.1518    ἐτερομήκεις, the product of two unequal factors, i.e., 2+4+6+8+10+12+14=56; and 2+4=6=3 x 2, 6+4=10=5 x 2, and so on.

Again, according to another way of indicating, the number 120 consists of four numbers—of one triangle, 15; of another, a square, 25; of a third, a pentagon, 35; and of a fourth, a hexagon, 45. The 5 is taken according to the same ratio in each mode. For in triangular numbers, from the unity 5 comes 15; and in squares, 25; and of those in succession, proportionally. Now 25, which is the number 5 from unity, is said to be the symbol of the Levitical tribe. And the number 35 depends also on the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic scale of doubles—6, 8, 9, 12; the addition of which makes 35. In these days, the Jews say that seven months’ children are formed. And the number 45 depends on the scale of triples—6, 9, 12, 18—the addition of which makes 45; and similarly, in these days they say that nine months’ children are formed.

Such, then, is the style of the example in arithmetic. And let the testimony of geometry be the tabernacle that was constructed, and the ark that was fashioned,—constructed in most regular proportions, and through divine ideas, by the gift of understanding, which leads us from things of sense to intellectual objects, or rather from these to holy things, and to the holy of holies. For the squares of wood indicate that the square form, producing right angles, pervades all, and points out security. And the length of the structure was three hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty, and the height thirty; and above, the ark ends in a cubit, narrowing to a cubit from the broad base like a pyramid, the symbol of those who are purified and tested by fire. And this geometrical proportion has a place, for the transport of those holy abodes, whose differences are indicated by the differences of the numbers set down below.

And the numbers introduced are sixfold, as three hundred is six times fifty; and tenfold, as three hundred is ten times thirty; and containing one and two-thirds (επιδίμοιροι), for fifty is one and two-thirds of thirty.

Now there are some who say that three hundred cubits are the symbol of the Lord’s sign;1519    The cross. and fifty, of hope and of the remission given at Pentecost; and thirty, or as in some, twelve, they say points out the preaching [of the Gospel]; because the Lord preached in His thirtieth year; and the apostles were twelve. And the structure’s terminating in a cubit is the symbol of the advancement of the righteous to oneness and to “the unity of the faith.”1520    Eph. iv.13.

And the table which was in the temple was six cubits;1521    Ex. xxv. 23. The table is said to be two cubits in length, a cubit in breadth, and a cubit and a half in height; therefore it was six cubits round. and its four feet were about a cubit and a half.

They add, then, the twelve cubits, agreeably to the revolution of the twelve months, in the annual circle, during which the earth produces and matures all things; adapting itself to the four seasons. And the table, in my opinion, exhibits the image of the earth, supported as it is on four feet, summer, autumn, spring, winter, by which the year travels. Wherefore also it is said that the table has “wavy chains;”1522    Ex. xxv. 24. either because the universe revolves in the circuits of the times, or perhaps it indicated the earth surrounded with ocean’s tide.

Further, as an example of music, let us adduce David, playing at once and prophesying, melodiously praising God. Now the Enarmonic1523    The three styles of Greek music were the ἐναρμονικόν, διάτονον, and χρωματικόν. suits best the Dorian harmony, and the Diatonic the Phrygian, as Aristoxenus says. The harmony, therefore, of the Barbarian psaltery, which exhibited gravity of strain, being the most ancient, most certainly became a model for Terpander, for the Dorian harmony, who sings the praise of Zeus thus:—

The lyre, according to its primary signification, may by the psalmist be used figuratively for the Lord; according to its secondary, for those who continually strike the chords of their souls under the direction of the Choir-master, the Lord. And if the people saved be called the lyre, it will be understood to be in consequence of their giving glory musically, through the inspiration of the Word and the knowledge of God, being struck by the Word so as to produce faith. You may take music in another way, as the ecclesiastical symphony at once of the law and the prophets, and the apostles along with the Gospel, and the harmony which obtained in each prophet, in the transitions of the persons.

But, as seems, the most of those who are inscribed with the Name,1524    i.e., of Christ. like the companions of Ulysses, handle the word unskilfully, passing by not the Sirens, but the rhythm and the melody, stopping their ears with ignorance; since they know that, after lending their ears to Hellenic studies, they will never subsequently be able to retrace their steps.

But he who culls what is useful for the advantage of the catechumens, and especially when they are Greeks (and the earth is the Lord’s, and the fulness thereof1525    1 Cor. x. 26, etc.), must not abstain from erudition, like irrational animals; but he must collect as many aids as possible for his hearers. But he must by no means linger over these studies, except solely for the advantage accruing from them; so that, on grasping and obtaining this, he may be able to take his departure home to the true philosophy, which is a strong cable for the soul, providing security from everything.

Music is then to be handled for the sake of the embellishment and composure of manners. For instance, at a banquet we pledge each other while the music is playing;1526    ψάλλοντες is substituted by Lowth for ψάλλειν of the text; ἐν τῷ ψάλλειν has also been proposed. soothing by song the eagerness of our desires, and glorifying God for the copious gift of human enjoyments, for His perpetual supply of the food necessary for the growth of the body and of the soul. But we must reject superfluous music, which enervates men’s souls, and leads to variety,—now mournful, and then licentious and voluptuous, and then frenzied and frantic.

The same holds also of astronomy. For treating of the description of the celestial objects, about the form of the universe, and the revolution of the heavens, and the motion of the stars, leading the soul nearer to the creative power, it teaches to quickness in perceiving the seasons of the year, the changes of the air, and the appearance of the stars; since also navigation and husbandry derive from this much benefit, as architecture and building from geometry. This branch of learning, too, makes the soul in the highest degree observant, capable of perceiving the true and detecting the false, of discovering correspondences and proportions, so as to hunt out for similarity in things dissimilar; and conducts us to the discovery of length without breadth, and superficial extent without thickness, and an indivisible point, and transports to intellectual objects from those of sense.

The studies of philosophy, therefore, and philosophy itself, are aids in treating of the truth. For instance, the cloak was once a fleece; then it was shorn, and became warp and woof; and then it was woven. Accordingly the soul must be prepared and variously exercised, if it would become in the highest degree good. For there is the scientific and the practical element in truth; and the latter flows from the speculative; and there is need of great practice, and exercise, and experience.

But in speculation, one element relates to one’s neighbours and another to one’s self. Wherefore also training ought to be so moulded as to be adapted to both. He, then, who has acquired a competent acquaintance with the subjects which embrace the principles which conduce to scientific knowledge (gnosis), may stop and remain for the future in quiet, directing his actions in conformity with his theory.

But for the benefit of one’s neighbours, in the case of those who have proclivities for writing, and those who set themselves to deliver the word, both is other culture beneficial, and the reading of the Scriptures of the Lord is necessary, in order to the demonstration of what is said, and especially if those who hear are accessions from Hellenic culture.

Such David describes the Church: “The queen stood on thy right hand, enveloped in a golden robe, variegated;”1527    Ps. xlv. 9. and with Hellenic and superabundant accomplishments, “clothed variegated with gold-fringed garments.”1528    Ps. xlv. 14. [Elucidation VII.] And the Truth says by the Lord, “For who had known Thy counsel, hadst Thou not given wisdom, and sent Thy Holy Spirit from the Highest; and so the ways of those on earth were corrected, and men learned Thy decrees, and were saved by wisdom?” For the Gnostic knows things ancient by the Scripture, and conjectures things future: he understands the involutions of words and the solutions of enigmas. He knows beforehand signs and wonders, and the issues of seasons and periods, as we have said already. Seest thou the fountain of instructions that takes its rise from wisdom? But to those who object, What use is there in knowing the causes of the manner of the sun’s motion, for example, and the rest of the heavenly bodies, or in having studied the theorems of geometry or logic, and each of the other branches of study?—for these are of no service in the discharge of duties, and the Hellenic philosophy is human wisdom, for it is incapable of teaching1529    διδακτικήν, proposed by Sylburgius, seems greatly preferable to the reading of the text, διδακτήν, and has been adopted above. the truth—the following remarks are to be made. First, that they stumble in reference to the highest of things—namely, the mind’s free choice. “For they,” it is said, “who keep holy holy things, shall be made holy; and those who have been taught will find an answer.”1530    Wisd. vi. 10. For the Gnostic alone will do holily, in accordance with reason all that has to be done, as he hath learned through the Lord’s teaching, received through men.

Again, on the other hand, we may hear: “For in His hand, that is, in His power and wisdom, are both we and our words, and all wisdom and skill in works; for God loves nothing but the man that dwells with wisdom.”1531    Wisd. vii. 16. And again, they have not read what is said by Solomon; for, treating of the construction of the temple, he says expressly, “And it was Wisdom as artificer that framed it; and Thy providence, O Father, governs throughout.”1532    Wisd. xiv. 2, 3. And how irrational, to regard philosophy as inferior to architecture and shipbuilding! And the Lord fed the multitude of those that reclined on the grass opposite to Tiberias with the two fishes and the five barley loaves, indicating the preparatory training of the Greeks and Jews previous to the divine grain, which is the food cultivated by the law. For barley is sooner ripe for the harvest than wheat; and the fishes signified the Hellenic philosophy that was produced and moved in the midst of the Gentile billow, given, as they were, for copious food to those lying on the ground, increasing no more, like the fragments of the loaves, but having partaken of the Lord’s blessing, and breathed into them the resurrection of Godhead1533    That is, resurrection effected by divine power. through the power of the Word. But if you are curious, understand one of the fishes to mean the curriculum of study, and the other the philosophy which supervenes. The gatherings1534    Such seems the only sense possible of this clause,—obtained, however, by substituting for συνάλογοι λόγοὐ κ.τ.λ., σύλλογοι λόγον κ.τ.λ. point out the word of the Lord.

says the Tragic Muse somewhere.

“I must decrease,” said the prophet John,1535    John iii. 30. and the Word of the Lord alone, in which the law terminates, “increase.” Understand now for me the mystery of the truth, granting pardon if I shrink from advancing further in the treatment of it, by announcing this alone: “All things were made by Him, and without Him was not even one thing.”1536    John i. 3. Certainly He is called “the chief corner stone; in whom the whole building, fitly joined together, groweth into an holy temple of God,”1537    Eph. ii. 20, 21. according to the divine apostle.

I pass over in silence at present the parable which says in the Gospel: “The kingdom of heaven is like a man who cast a net into the sea and out of the multitude of the fishes caught, makes a selection of the better ones.”1538    Matt. xiii. 47, 48.

And now the wisdom which we possess announces the four virtues1539    Prudence, fortitude, justice, temperance. [Known as the philosophical virtues.] in such a way as to show that the sources of them were communicated by the Hebrews to the Greeks. This may be learned from the following: “And if one loves justice, its toils are virtues. For temperance and prudence teach justice and fortitude; and than these there is nothing more useful in life to men.”

Above all, this ought to be known, that by nature we are adapted for virtue; not so as to be possessed of it from our birth, but so as to be adapted for acquiring it.

Καθάπερ οὖν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀστρονομίας ἔχομεν ὑπόδειγμα τὸν Ἀβραάμ, οὕτως ἐπὶ τῆς ἀριθμητικῆς τὸν αὐτὸν Ἀβραάμ. ἀκούσας γὰρ ὅτι αἰχμάλωτος ἐλήφθη ὁ Λώτ, τοὺς ἰδίους οἰκογενεῖς τιηʹ ἀριθμήσας καὶ ἐπεξελθὼν πάμπολυν ἀριθμὸν τῶν πολεμίων χειροῦται. φασὶν οὖν εἶναι τοῦ μὲν κυριακοῦ σημείου τύπον κατὰ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τριακοσιοστὸν στοιχεῖον, τὸ δὲ ἰῶτα καὶ τὸ ἦτα τοὔνομα σημαίνειν τὸ σωτήριον· μηνύεσθαι τοίνυν τοὺς Ἀβραὰμ οἰκείους εἶναι κατὰ τὴν σωτηρίαν, τοὺς τῷ σημείῳ καὶ τῷ ὀνόματι προσπεφευγότας, κυρίους γεγονέναι τῶν αἰχμαλωτιζόντων καὶ τῶν τούτοις ἀκολουθούντων παμπόλλων ἀπίστων ἐθνῶν. ἤδη δὲ ὁ μὲν τριακόσια ἀριθμὸς τριάς ἐστιν ἐν ἑκατοντάδι, ἡ δεκὰς δὲ ὁμολογεῖται παντέλειος εἶναι. ὁ δὲ ὀκτώ, κύβος ὁ πρῶτος, ἡ ἰσότης ἐν ἁπάσαις ταῖς διαστάσεσι, μήκους, πλάτους, βάθους. Αἵ τε ἡμέραι τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἔσονται, φησίν, ἔτη ρκʹ. ἔστι δὲ ὁ ἀριθμὸς ἀπὸ μονάδος κατὰ σύνθεσιν πεντεκαιδέκατος, σελήνη δὲ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ πλησιφαὴς γίνεται. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ὁ ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι τρίγωνος ἀριθμὸς καὶ συνέστηκεν ἐξ ἰσότητος μὲν τοῦ ξδʹ, ὧν ἡ κατὰ μέρος σύνθεσις τετραγώνους γεννᾷ, αʹ γʹ εʹ ζʹ θʹ ιαʹ ιγʹ ιεʹ, ἐξ ἀνισότητος δὲ τοῦ ν ʹ, ἑπτὰ τῶν ἀπὸ δυάδος ἀρτίων, οἳ γεννῶσι τοὺς ἑτερομήκεις, βʹ δʹ ʹ ηʹ ιʹ ιβʹ ιδʹ. κατ' ἄλλο πάλιν σημαινόμενον συνέστηκεν ὁ ἑκατὸν κʹ ἀριθμὸς ἐκ τεσσάρων, ἑνὸς μὲν τριγώνου τοῦ πεντεκαιδεκάτου, ἑτέρου δὲ τετραγώνου τοῦ κεʹ, τρίτου δὲ πενταγώνου τοῦ λεʹ, τετάρτου δὲ ἑξαγώνου τοῦ μεʹ. κατὰ γὰρ τὴν αὐτὴν ἀναλογίαν ὁ εʹ παρείληπται καθ' ἕκαστον εἶδος· τῶν μὲν γὰρ τριγώνων ἀπὸ μονάδος εʹ δὲ ὁ ιεʹ, τῶν δὲ τετραγώνων ὁ κεʹ, καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς ἀναλόγως. ναὶ μὴν ὁ κεʹ ἀριθμός, εʹ ἀπὸ μονάδος ὤν, τῆς Λευιτικῆς φυλῆς εἶναι σύμβολον λέγεται, ὁ δὲ λεʹ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔχεται τοῦ ἐκ τῶν διπλασίων διαγράμματος ἀριθμητικοῦ καὶ γεωμετρικοῦ καὶ ἁρμονικοῦ τοῦ ʹ ηʹ θʹ ιβʹ, ὧν ἡ σύνθεσις γεννᾷ τὸν λεʹ· ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἰουδαῖοι διαπλάσσεσθαι τὰ ἑπτάμηνα λέγουσιν. ὁ δὲ μεʹ τοῦ ἐκ τῶν τριπλασίων διαγράμματος τοῦ ʹ θʹ ιβʹ ιηʹ, ὧν ἡ σύνθεσις γεννᾷ τὸν μεʹ, καὶ ἐν ταύταις ὁμοίως ταῖς ἡμέραις τὰ ἐννεάμηνα διαπλάσσεσθαί φασι. Τοῦτο μὲν οὖν τὸ εἶδος τοῦ ἀριθμητικοῦ ὑποδείγματος· γεωμετρίας δὲ ἔστω μαρτύριον ἡ κατασκευαζομένη σκηνὴ καὶ τεκταινομένη κιβωτός, ἀναλογίαις τισὶ λογικωτάταις, θείαις ἐπινοίαις κατασκευαζόμεναι, κατὰ συνέσεως δόσιν, ἐκ τῶν αἰσθητῶν εἰς τὰ νοητά, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐκ τῶνδε εἰς τὰ ἅγια καὶ τῶν ἁγίων τὰ ἅγια μεταγούσης ἡμᾶς. τὰ μὲν γὰρ τετράγωνα ξύλα [τῷ] τὸ τετράγωνον σχῆμα πάντῃ βεβηκέναι ὀρθὰς γωνίας ἐπιτελοῦν τὸ ἀσφαλὲς δηλοῖ. καὶ μῆκος μὲν τριακόσιοι πήχεις τοῦ κατασκευάσματος, πλάτος δὲ νʹ, βάθος δὲ λʹ· καὶ εἰς πῆχυν ἄνωθεν συντελεῖται, ἐκ τῆς πλατείας βάσεως ἀποξυνομένη πυραμίδος τρόπον, ἡ κιβωτός, τῶν διὰ πυρὸς καθαιρομένων καὶ δοκιμαζομένων σύμβολον. ἡ γεωμετρικὴ αὕτη παρέχεται ἀναλογία εἰς παραπομπὴν τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων μονῶν, ὧν τὰς διαφορὰς αἱ διαφοραὶ τῶν ἀριθμῶν τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων μηνύουσιν. οἱ δὲ ἐμφερόμενοι λόγοι εἰσὶν ἑξαπλάσιοι ὡς τὰ τριακόσια τῶν νʹ, καὶ δεκαπλάσιοι ὡς τῶν λʹ δεκαπλάσια τὰ τριακόσια, καὶ ἐπιδίμοιροι· τὰ γὰρ νʹ τῶν λʹ ἐπιδίμοιρα. εἰσὶ δ' οἳ τοὺς τριακοσίους πήχεις σύμβολον τοῦ κυριακοῦ σημείου λέγουσι, τοὺς νʹ δὲ τῆς ἐλπίδος καὶ τῆς ἀφέσεως τῆς κατὰ τὴν πεντηκοστήν, καὶ τοὺς λʹ ἤ, ὡς ἔν τισι, δώδεκα τὸ κήρυγμα δηλοῦν ἱστοροῦσιν, ὅτι τριακοστῷ μὲν ἐκήρυξεν ὁ κύριος ἔτει, ιβʹ δὲ ἦσαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ εἰς πῆχυν συντελεῖσθαι τὸ κατασκεύασμα, εἰς μονάδα τελευτώσης τῆς τοῦ δικαίου προκοπῆς καὶ εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως. Ἡ δὲ τράπεζα ἡ ἐν τῷ ναῷ πηχῶν ἐγεγόνει ἕξ, καὶ πόδες οἱ τέσσαρες ἀνὰ πῆχυν ἕνα ἥμισυ. συνάγουσιν οὖν τοὺς πάντας πήχεις δώδεκα, συμφώνως τῷ κατὰ τὸν ἐνιαύσιον κύκλον ἑλιγμῷ τῶν μηνῶν τῶν ιβʹ, καθ' οὓς τὰ πάντα φύει τε καὶ τελεσφορεῖ ἡ γῆ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν ὥραις οἰκειουμένη. γῆς δ', οἶμαι, εἰκόνα ἡ τράπεζα δηλοῖ, τέσσαρσιν ἐπερειδομένη ποσί, θέρει, μετοπώρῳ, ἔαρι, χειμῶνι, δι' ὧν ὁδεύει τὸ ἔτος. διὸ καὶ κυμάτια στρεπτά φησιν ἔχειν τὴν τράπεζαν, ἤτοι ὅτι περιόδοις καιρῶν κυκλεῖται τὰ πάντα, ἢ καὶ τάχα τὴν ὠκεανῷ περιρρεομένην ἐδήλου γῆν. Ἔτι τῆς μουσικῆς παράδειγμα ψάλλων ὁμοῦ καὶ προφητεύων ἐκκείσθω ∆αβίδ, ὑμνῶν τὸν θεὸν ἐμμελῶς. προσήκει δὲ εὖ μάλα τὸ ἐναρμόνιον γένος τῇ δωριστὶ ἁρμονίᾳ καὶ τῇ φρυγιστὶ τὸ διάτονον, ὥς φησιν Ἀριστόξενος. ἡ τοίνυν ἁρμονία τοῦ βαρβάρου ψαλτηρίου, τὸ σεμνὸν ἐμφαίνουσα τοῦ μέλους, ἀρχαιοτάτη τυγχάνουσα, ὑπόδειγμα Τερπάνδρῳ μάλιστα γίνεται πρὸς ἁρμονίαν τὴν ∆ώριον ὑμνοῦντι τὸν ∆ία ὧδέ πως· Ζεῦ πάντων ἀρχά, πάντων ἁγήτωρ, Ζεῦ, σοὶ πέμπω ταύταν ὕμνων ἀρχάν. εἴη δ' ἂν τῷ ψαλμῳδῷ κιθάρα ἀλληγορουμένη κατὰ μὲν τὸ πρῶτον σημαινόμενον ὁ κύριος, κατὰ δὲ τὸ δεύτερον οἱ προσεχῶς κρούοντες τὰς ψυχὰς ὑπὸ μουσηγέτῃ τῷ κυρίῳ. κἂν ὁ σῳζόμενος λέγηται λαὸς κιθάρα, κατ' ἐπίπνοιαν τοῦ λόγου καὶ κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θεοῦ δοξάζων μουσικῶς ἐξακούεται, κρουόμενος εἰς πίστιν τῷ λόγῳ. λάβοις δ' ἂν καὶ ἄλλως μουσικὴν συμφωνίαν τὴν ἐκκλησιαστικὴν νόμου καὶ προφητῶν ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀποστόλων σὺν καὶ τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τήν τε ὑποβεβηκυῖαν, τὴν καθ' ἕκαστον προφήτην κατὰ τὰς μεταπηδήσεις τῶν προσώπων συνῳδίαν. Ἀλλ', ὡς ἔοικεν, οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν τὸ ὄνομα ἐπιγραφομένων καθάπερ οἱ τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως ἑταῖροι ἀγροίκως μετίασι τὸν λόγον, οὐ τὰς Σειρῆνας, ἀλλὰ τὸν ῥυθμὸν καὶ τὸ μέλος παρερχόμενοι, ἀμαθίᾳ βύσαντες τὰ ὦτα, ἐπείπερ ἴσασιν οὐ δυνησόμενοι ἅπαξ ὑποσχόντες τὰς ἀκοὰς Ἑλληνικοῖς μαθήμασι μετὰ ταῦτα τοῦ νόστου τυχεῖν. τῷ δ' ἀπανθιζομένῳ τὸ χρειῶδες εἰς ὠφέλειαν τῶν κατηχουμένων καὶ μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων ὄντων (τοῦ κυρίου δὲ ἡ γῆ καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς) οὐκ ἀφεκτέον τῆς φιλομαθίας ἀλόγων δίκην ζῴων, πλείω δ' ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα βοηθήματα τοῖς ἐπαΐουσιν ἐρανιστέον. πλὴν οὐδαμῶς τούτοις ἐνδιατριπτέον ἀλλ' ἢ εἰς μόνον τὸ ἀπ' αὐτῶν χρήσιμον, ὡς λαβόντας τοῦτο καὶ κτησαμένους ἀπιέναι οἴκαδε δύνασθαι ἐπὶ τὴν ἀληθῆ φιλοσοφίαν, πεῖσμα τῇ ψυχῇ βέβαιον τὴν ἐκ πάντων ἀσφάλειαν πεπορισμένους. Ἁπτέον ἄρα μουσικῆς εἰς κατακόσμησιν ἤθους καὶ καταστολήν. ἀμέλει καὶ παρὰ πότον [τὸ] ψάλλειν ἀλλήλοις προπίνομεν, κατεπᾴδοντες ἡμῶν τὸ ἐπιθυμητικὸν καὶ τὸν θεὸν δοξάζοντες ἐπὶ τῇ ἀφθόνῳ τῶν ἀνθρωπείων ἀπολαύσεων δωρεᾷ τῶν τε εἰς τὴν τοῦ σώματος τῶν τε εἰς τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς αὔξησιν τροφῶν ἀιδίως ἐπιχορηγηθεισῶν. περιττὴ δὲ μουσικὴ ἀποπτυστέα ἡ κατακλῶσα τὰς ψυχὰς καὶ εἰς ποικιλίαν ἐμβάλλουσα τοτὲ μὲν θρηνώδη, τοτὲ δὲ ἀκόλαστον καὶ ἡδυπαθῆ, τοτὲ δὲ ἐκβακχευομένην καὶ μανικήν. ὁ αὐτὸς λόγος καὶ περὶ ἀστρονομίας· αὕτη γάρ, μετὰ τὴν τῶν μεταρσίων ἱστορίαν περί τε σχήματος τοῦ παντὸς καὶ φορᾶς οὐρανοῦ τῆς τε τῶν ἄστρων κινήσεως πλησιαίτερον τῇ κτιζούσῃ δυνάμει προσάγουσα τὴν ψυχήν, εὐαισθήτως ἔχειν διδάσκει ὡρῶν ἐτείων, ἀέρων μεταβολῆς, ἐπιτολῶν ἄστρων· ἐπεὶ καὶ ναυτιλία καὶ γεωργία τῆς ἀπὸ ταύτης χρείας πεπλήρωται, καθάπερ τῆς γεωμετρίας ἀρχιτεκτονική τε καὶ οἰκοδομική. παρακολουθητικὴν δ' ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ τοῦτο παρασκευάζει τὸ μάθημα τοῦ τε ἀληθοῦς διορατικὴν καὶ τοῦ ψεύδους διελεγκτικήν, ὁμολογιῶν τε καὶ ἀναλογιῶν εὑρετικήν, ὥστε ἐν τοῖς ἀνομοίοις τὸ ὅμοιον θηρᾶν, ἐνάγει τε ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὸ εὑρεῖν ἀπλατὲς μῆκος καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν ἀβαθῆ καὶ σημεῖον ἀμερὲς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ νοητὰ μετατίθησιν ἀπὸ τῶν αἰσθητῶν. Συνεργὰ τοίνυν φιλοσοφίας τὰ μαθήματα καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ φιλοσοφία εἰς τὸ περὶ ἀληθείας διαλαβεῖν. αὐτίκα ἡ χλαμὺς πόκος ἦν τὸ πρῶτον, εἶτα ἐξάνθη κρόκη τε ἐγένετο καὶ στήμων, καὶ τότε ὑφάνθη. προπαρασκευασθῆναι τοίνυν τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ ποικίλως ἐργασθῆναι χρή, εἰ μέλλοι ἀρίστη κατασκευάζεσθαι, ἐπεὶ τῆς ἀληθείας τὸ μέν ἐστι γνωστικόν, τὸ δὲ ποιητικόν, ἐρρύηκεν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεωρητικοῦ, δεῖται δὲ ἀσκήσεως καὶ συγγυμνασίας πολλῆς καὶ ἐμπειρίας. ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ θεωρητικοῦ τὸ μέν τί ἐστι πρὸς τοὺς πέλας, τὸ δὲ ὡς πρὸς αὐτόν. διόπερ καὶ τὴν παιδείαν οὕτως χρὴ συνεσκευάσθαι, ὥστε ἀμφοτέροις ἐνηρμόσθαι. ἔνεστι μὲν οὖν αὐτάρκως τὰ συνεκτικὰ τῶν πρὸς γνῶσιν φερόντων ἐκμαθόντα ἐφ' ἡσυχίας τοῦ λοιποῦ μένειν ἀναπεπαυμένον, κατευθύνοντα τὰς πράξεις πρὸς τὴν θεωρίαν· διὰ δὲ τὴν τῶν πέλας ὠφέλειαν τῶν μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ γράφειν ἱεμένων, τῶν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ παραδιδόναι στελλομένων τὸν λόγον ἥ τε ἄλλη παιδεία χρήσιμος ἥ τε τῶν γραφῶν τῶν κυριακῶν ἀνάγνωσις εἰς ἀπόδειξιν τῶν λεγομένων ἀναγκαία, καὶ μάλιστα, ἐὰν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς ἀνάγωνται παιδείας οἱ ἐπαΐοντες. τοιαύτην τινὰ ἐκκλησίαν ὁ ∆αβὶδ διαγράφει· παρέστη ἡ βασίλισσα ἐκ δεξιῶν σου, ἐν ἱματισμῷ διαχρύσῳ, περιβεβλημένη πεποικιλμένοις, καὶ τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς καὶ περιττοῖς· ἐν κροσσωτοῖς χρυσοῖς, περιβεβλημένη πεποικιλμένοις. ἡ ἀλήθεια δὲ διὰ τοῦ κυρίου. βουλὴν γάρ σου, φησί, τίς ἔγνω, εἰ μὴ σὺ δέδωκας σοφίαν καὶ ἔπεμψας τὸ ἅγιόν σου πνεῦμα ἀπὸ ὑψίστων; καὶ οὕτως διωρθώθησαν αἱ τρίβοι τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ ἀρεστά σου ἐδιδάχθησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ τῇ σοφίᾳ ἐσώθησαν. ὁ γνωστικὸς γὰρ οἶδεν κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν τὰ ἀρχαῖα καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα εἰκάζει, ἐπίσταται στροφὰς λόγων καὶ λύσεις αἰνιγμάτων, σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα προγινώσκει καὶ ἐκβάσεις καιρῶν καὶ χρόνων, ὡς προειρήκαμεν. ὁρᾷς τὴν τῶν μαθημάτων πηγὴν ἐκ τῆς σοφίας ὁρμωμένην; τοῖς δὲ ὑποκρούουσι, τί γὰρ ὄφελος εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας τοῦ πῶς κινεῖται ὁ ἥλιος, φέρε εἰπεῖν, καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἄστρα ἢ τὰ γεωμετρικὰ θεωρήματα ἐπεσκέφθαι ἢ τὰ διαλεκτικὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἕκαστον μαθημάτων, πρὸς γὰρ καθηκόντων ἀπόδοσιν ταῦτα μηδὲν ὠφελεῖν, εἶναί τε ἀνθρωπίνην σύνεσιν τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φιλοσοφίαν, μὴ γὰρ εἶναι διδακτὴν τῆς ἀληθείας, ἐκεῖνα λεκτέον, πρῶτον μέν, ὅτι καὶ περὶ τὰ μέγιστα τῶν ὄντων πταίουσιν οὗτοι, τουτέστι τὴν προαίρεσιν τοῦ νοῦ. οἱ γὰρ φυλάσσοντες, φησίν, ὁσίως τὰ ὅσια ὁσιωθήσονται, καὶ οἱ διδαχθέντες αὐτὰ εὑρήσουσιν ἀπολογίαν. ὁ γνωστικὸς γὰρ μόνος εὐλόγως πάντα ὁσίως πράξει τὰ πρακτέα, ὡς μεμάθηκεν κατὰ τὴν τοῦ κυρίου διδασκαλίαν δι' ἀνθρώπων παραλαβών. πάλιν τε αὖ ἀκούειν ἔξεστιν· ἐν γὰρ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ, τουτέστι τῇ δυνάμει καὶ σοφίᾳ, καὶ ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ λόγοι ἡμῶν πᾶσά τε φρόνησις καὶ ἐργατειῶν ἐπιστήμη. οὐθὲν γὰρ ἀγαπᾷ ὁ θεὸς εἰ μὴ τὸν σοφίᾳ συνοικοῦντα. ἔπειτα δὲ οὐκ ἀνέγνωσαν τὸ πρὸς τοῦ Σολομῶντος εἰρημένον. περὶ γὰρ νεὼς κατασκευῆς διαλαβὼν ἄντικρύς φησιν· τεχνῖτις δὲ σοφία κατεσκεύασεν· ἡ δὲ σή, πάτερ, διακυβερνᾷ πρόνοια. καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἄλογον τεκτονικῆς καὶ ναυπηγικῆς χεῖρον νομίζειν φιλοσοφίαν; τάχα που καὶ ὁ κύριος τὸ πλῆθος ἐκεῖνο τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς πόας κατακλιθέντων καταντικρὺ τῆς Τιβεριάδος τοῖς ἰχθύσι τοῖς δυσὶ καὶ τοῖς εʹ τοῖς κριθίνοις διέθρεψεν ἄρτοις, αἰνισσόμενος τὴν προπαιδείαν Ἑλλήνων τε καὶ Ἰουδαίων πρὸ τοῦ θείου πυροῦ τῆς κατὰ τὸν νόμον γεωργουμένης τροφῆς· προπετεστέρα γὰρ εἰς ὥραν θέρους τοῦ πυροῦ μᾶλλον ἡ κριθή. τὴν δὲ ἀνὰ τὸν κλύδωνα τὸν ἐθνικὸν γεννωμένην τε καὶ φερομένην φιλοσοφίαν Ἑλληνικὴν οἱ ἰχθύες ἐμήνυον, εἰς διατροφὴν ἐκτενῆ τοῖς ἔτι χαμαὶ κειμένοις δεδομένοι· αὐξήσαντες μὲν οὐκέτι καθάπερ τῶν ἄρτων τὰ κλάσματα, τῆς δὲ τοῦ κυρίου μεταλαβόντες εὐλογίας τὴν ἀνάστασιν τῆς θειότητος διὰ τῆς τοῦ λόγου δυνάμεως ἐνεπνεύσθησαν. ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ περίεργος εἶ, ἔκλαβε θάτερον τῶν ἰχθύων τὴν ἐγκύκλιον, τὸν λοιπὸν δὲ αὐτὴν ἐκείνην τὴν ἐπαναβεβηκυῖαν μηνύειν φιλοσοφίαν, αἳ δῆτα † συνάλογοι λόγου τοῦ κυριακοῦ· χορὸς δὲ ἀναύδων ἰχθύων ἐπερρόθει, ἡ μοῦσα ἡ τραγικὴ εἴρηκέν που. κἀμὲ δεῖ ἐλαττοῦσθαι, αὔξειν δὲ μόνον ἤδη λοιπὸν τὸν κυριακὸν λόγον, εἰς ὃν περαιοῦται ὁ νόμος, ὁ προφήτης εἴρηκεν Ἰωάννης. σύνες ἤδη μοι τὸ μυστήριον τῆς ἀληθείας, συγγνώμην ἀπονέμων, εἰ περαιτέρω προβαίνειν τῆς ἐξεργασίας ὀκνῶ, τουτὶ μόνον ἀνακηρύσσων· πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. ἀμέλει λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος εἴρηται, ἐν ᾧ πᾶσα οἰκοδομὴ συναρμολογουμένη αὔξει εἰς ναὸν ἅγιον θεοῦ κατὰ τὸν θεῖον ἀπόστολον. σιωπῶ τὰ νῦν τὴν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ παραβολὴν λέγουσαν· ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ σαγήνην εἰς θάλασσαν βεβληκότι κἀκ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν ἑαλωκότων ἰχθύων τὴν ἐκλογὴν τῶν ἀμεινόνων ποιουμένῳ. ἤδη δὲ καὶ τὰς τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς ἄντικρυς ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν σοφία ὧδέ πως ἀνακηρύσσει, ὥστε καὶ τούτων τὰς πηγὰς τοῖς Ἕλλησιν παρὰ Ἑβραίων δεδόσθαι. μαθεῖν δ' ἐκ τῶνδ' ἔξεστιν· καὶ εἰ δικαιοσύνην ἀγαπᾷ τις, οἱ πόνοι ταύτης εἰσὶν ἀρεταί· σωφροσύνην γὰρ καὶ φρόνησιν ἐκδιδάσκει, δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἀνδρείαν, ὧν χρησιμώτερον οὐδέν ἐστιν ἐν βίῳ ἀνθρώποις. ἐπὶ πᾶσιν εἰδέναι αὐτοὺς κἀκεῖνο ἐχρῆν, ὅτι φύσει μὲν γεγόναμεν πρὸς ἀρετήν, οὐ μὴν ὥστε ἔχειν αὐτὴν ἐκ γενετῆς, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ κτήσασθαι ἐπιτήδειοι.