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to those who have believed, and one and the same God is proclaimed for both these and those; "For the same Lord of all," it says, "is rich to all who call upon him." Fittingly he added: 28. And the nations shall know that I am the Lord, who sanctifies them, when my holy things are in their midst forever. For truly, through those of the Jews who have believed, the nations also received the light of the knowledge of God; for from the Jews are the divine apostles, and the first disciples of the apostles, and from the prophetic books preserved among the Jews, the nations, learning the things concerning our Savior Christ, have believed in the divine proclamation. For this reason, the divine Apostle also said that those from the nations who believe are grafted into the pious root of the Jews, and that those of the Jews who disbelieve are broken off and separated from this root. Therefore, he says, when salvation is first granted to the Jews, the nations will know that I am the Lord who sanctifies them; for from the Jews is the Lord Christ according to the flesh, among the Jews the cross, the tomb, the resurrection; from the Jews the apostles, and the first preachers. Fittingly, therefore, the nations enjoy salvation through these things.

CHAPTER 38. 1, 2. And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: Son of man, set your

face against Gog, and the land of Magog, the prince of Ros, Mosoch, and Thobel. - Gog and Magog are Scythian nations; but Mosoch they say are Cappadocians, and Thobel Iberians; and the Hebrew language interpreted Ros as head, and Aquila also interpreted Ros as head of Mosoch. 3, 4. And say to them: Thus says Adonai the Lord: Behold I am against you, Gog and Magog, prince of Ros, Mosoch and Thobel. And I will turn you about, and put a bridle in your jaw, and I will gather you and all your power, horses and horsemen all clothed in breastplates, a great assembly; with bucklers and helmets, and swords, and all of them having shields. He has taught us through what has been said the power of divine energy, and that none of these things happen without the divine will, but either He ordains it for good, or allows grievous things to happen, on account of the sins previously committed. 81.1201 Therefore, "I will put a bridle into your jaws, and I will gather you," we do not understand as a perceptible bridle being put in, but that Gog and Magog, and all those with him, whose races he lists, are led by the divine will. 5. For Persians, he says, and Ethiopians, and Lydians, and Libyans, and Phut with them. And this is one of the sons of Ham, who became the forefather of the western Libyans. "All with helmets and bucklers." All these having shields, and helmets, and bucklers. 6. Gomer, and all these around him. Thus he calls the Galatians. The house of Thogarma. He says these are Phrygians. "From the far north, and all his supporters, and many nations with him." -By supporters he means his subjects, those who both support and uphold the kingdom. 7, 8. Be prepared, prepare yourself, you and all your assembly, that is gathered to you, and you shall be to me for a guard. After many days you will be prepared, and in the last of the years you will come into the land that has been turned back from the sword, gathered from many peoples, upon the land of Israel, which had become entirely desolate. After the return from Babylon, say the teachers of the Church who lived at that time, these nations made an expedition against Judea; and the interpretation accords with the prophecy. For he says: "You will come into the land that has been turned back from the sword," that is, the land that has been delivered from its enemies, and freed from captivity. And he adds: "Gathered from many peoples upon the land of Israel, which had become entirely desolate." And they say that when Zerubbabel was general, these nations were destroyed, and from the spoils the building of the divine temple took place.

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πεπιστευκόσι, καὶ εἷς καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ τούτων κἀκείνων χρηματίζει Θεός· "Ὁ γὰρ αὐτὸς, φησὶ, Κύριος πάντων, πλουτῶν εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἐπι καλουμένους αὐτόν." Εἰκότως ἐπήγαγε· κηʹ. Καὶ γνώσονται τὰ ἔθνη, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος, ὁ ἁγιάζων αὐτοὺς, ἐν τῷ εἶναι τὰ ἅγιά μου ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Τῷ ὄντι γὰρ διὰ τῶν ἐξ Ἰουδαίων πεπιστευκότων καὶ τὰ ἔθνη τὸ τῆς θεογνωσίας ἐδέξατο φῶς· ἐξ Ἰουδαίων γὰρ οἱ θεῖοι ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν ἀποστόλων μα θηταὶ, καὶ ἐκ τῶν παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις φυλαττομένων προφητικῶν βίβλων τὰ περὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χρι στοῦ μανθάνοντα τὰ ἔθνη, πεπίστευκε τῷ θείῳ κη ρύγματι. Οὗ χάριν καὶ ὁ θεῖος Ἀπόστολος ἐγκεντρί ζεσθαι ἔφη τοὺς ἐξ ἐθνῶν πιστεύοντας ἐν τῇ τῶν Ἰουδαίων εὐσεβεῖ ῥίζῃ, καὶ ἀποκλᾶσθαι, καὶ τῆς ῥίζης ταύτης χωρίζεσθαι τοὺς ἐξ Ἰουδαίων ἀπι στοῦντας. Τῆς σωτηρίας τοίνυν, φησὶ, πρώτοις Ἰου δαίοις χορηγουμένης γνώσεται τὰ ἔθνη, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων αὐτούς· ἐξ Ἰουδαίων γὰρ ὁ ∆εσπότης Χριστὸς κατὰ τὴν σάρκα, παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ὁ σταυρὸς, ὁ τάφος, ἡ ἀνάστασις· ἐξ Ἰουδαίων οἱ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι κήρυκες. Εἰκότως τοίνυν τὰ ἔθνη διὰ τούτων ἀπολαύει τῆς σωτηρίας.

ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΛΗʹ. αʹ, βʹ. Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρός με, λέ γων· Υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, στήρισον τὸ

πρόσωπόν σου ἐπὶ Γὼγ, καὶ τὴν γῆν τοῦ Μαγὼγ, ἄρχοντα Ῥὼς, Μοσὸχ, καὶ Θοβέλ. - Γὼγ καὶ Μαγὼγ Σκυθικὰ ἔθνη· Μοσὸχ δὲ Καππαδόκας εἶναί φασι, καὶ Θοβὲλ Ἴβηρας· τὸ δὲ Ῥὼς ἡ Ἑβραίωνφωνὴ κεφαλὴν ἡρμήνευσε, καὶ ὁ Ἀκύλας δὲ κεφα λὴν Μοσὸχ τὸ Ῥὼς ἡρμήνευσε. γʹ, δʹ. Καὶ εἰπὲ αὐτοῖς· Τάδε λέγει Ἀδωναῒ Κύριος· Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπὶ σὲ, Γὼγ καὶ Μαγὼγ, ἄρχοντα Ῥὼς, Μοσὸχ καὶ Θοβέλ. Καὶ περι στρέψω σε κυκλόθεν, καὶ δώσω χαλινὸν εἰς τὴν σιαγόνα σου, καὶ συνάξω σε καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύ ναμίν σου, ἵππους καὶ ἱππεῖς ἐνδεδυμένους θώ ρακας πάντας, συναγωγὴ πολλή· πέλτας καὶ περικεφαλαίας, καὶ μαχαίρας, καὶ ἀσπίδας πάντες αὐτοὶ ἔχοντες. Ἐδίδαξεν ἡμᾶς διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων τῆς θείας ἐνεργείας τὸ δυνατὸν, καὶ ὅτι τῶν τοιούτων οὐδὲν δίχα τοῦ θείου βουλήματος γίνε ται, ἀλλ' ἢ οἰκονομοῦντος ἐπ' ἀγαθῷ, ἢ συγχωροῦν τος γίνεσθαι τὰ λυπηρὰ, διὰ τὰς προγεγενημένας 81.1201 ἁμαρτίας. Τὸ τοίνυν, "∆ώσω χαλινὸν εἰς τὰς σια γόνας σου, καὶ συνάξω σε," οὐ χαλινὸν αἰσθητὸν νοοῦμεν ἐμβαλλόμενον, ἀλλὰ τῷ θείῳ νεύματι ἀγό μενον τόν τε Γὼγ καὶ Μαγὼγ, καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ πάντας, ὧν καταλέγει τὰ γένη. εʹ. Πέρσαι γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ Αἰθίοπες, καὶ Λυδοὶ, καὶ Λίβυες, καὶ Φοὺτ μετ' αὐτῶν. Εἶς δὲ καὶ οὗτος τῶν τοῦ Χὰμ υἱέων, τῶν ἑσπερίων Λιβύων προπάτωρ γενόμενος. "Πάντες περικεφαλαίαις καὶ πέλταις." Πάντες οὗτοι ἀσπίδας, καὶ περικε φαλαίας, καὶ πέλτας ἔχοντες. ʹ. Γομὲρ, καὶ πάντες οὗτοι περὶ αὐτόν. Τοὺς Γαλάτας οὕτω καλεῖ. Οἶκος τοῦ Θογαρμά. Φρύγας τούτους εἶναί φησιν· "Ἀπ' ἐσχάτου βοῤῥᾶ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ὑποστηρίγματα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔθνη πολλὰ μετ' αὐτοῦ." -Ὑποστηρίγματα λέγει τοὺς ὑπηκόους, τοὺς τὴν βασιλείαν ὑπερείδοντάς τε καὶ ἀνορθοῦντας. ζʹ, ηʹ. Ἑτοιμάσθητι, ἑτοίμασον σεαυτὸν, σὺ καὶ πᾶσα ἡ συναγωγή σου, ἡ ἐπισυνηγμένη πρὸς σὲ, καὶ ἔσῃ μοι εἰς προφυλακήν. Ἀφ' ἡμερῶν πλειόνων ἑτοιμασθήσῃ, καὶ ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τῶν ἐτῶν ἥξεις εἰς τὴν γῆν, τὴν ἀπεστραμμένην ἀπὸ μαχαίρας, ἠθροισμένη ἀπὸ λαῶν πολλῶν, ἐπὶ γῆν Ἰσραὴλ, ἣ ἐγέ νετο ἔρημος διόλου. Μετὰ τὴν ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος ἐπάνοδον, φασὶν οἱ κατὰ καιρὸν γενόμενοι τῆς Ἐκκλησίας διδάσκαλοι, ταῦτα τὰ ἔθνη ἐπιστρατεῦ σαι τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ· καὶ συμβαίνει τῇ προφητείᾳ ἡ ἑρ μηνεία. Λέγει γάρ· "Ἥξεις εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀπ εστραμμένην ἀπὸ μαχαίρας," τουτέστι, τὴν τῶν πολεμίων ἀπαλλαγεῖσαν, καὶ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἐλευ θερωθεῖσαν. Καὶ ἐπάγει· "Ἠθροισμένη ἀπὸ λαῶν πολλῶν ἐπὶ γῆν Ἰσραὴλ, ἣ ἐγένετο ἔρημος διόλου." Φασὶ δὲ τοῦ Ζοροβάβελ στρατηγοῦντος ταῦτα τὰ ἔθνη ἀναιρεθῆναι, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν σκύλων τοῦ θείου νεὼ τὴν οἰκοδομίαν γενέσθαι.