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you will be brought for my sake; and again, A man’s enemies will be those of his own household. And the things of affliction are here; but the things of rest are there. But in the case of Abraham it was the opposite; he was commanded to do things contrary to the promises, and not even so was he disturbed, nor did he waver, nor did he think he had been deceived; but you endure nothing outside the promise, and you are disturbed. He heard things contrary to what was promised from the very one who had made those promises, and was not disturbed, but acted as if they were consistent; for they were indeed consistent, contrary to human reasoning, but consistent from the standpoint of faith. And how, the Apostle himself taught us, saying: Reasoning that God was able even to raise him from the dead. What he says is this: By the same faith, he says, by which he believed that He would grant him a son from one who was not, by the same he was persuaded that He could also raise the dead, and that He would resurrect him after being slain. For it was equally impossible, I speak in terms of human reasoning, both to give a child from a dead womb and 63.173 one that had grown old and had already become useless for childbearing, and to raise one who had been slain; but nevertheless he was persuaded; for his past faith prepared the way for the things to come. Otherwise, he indeed saw the good things first, and the difficult things later in his old age. But you, on the contrary, he says, the sad things first, and the good things last. This is for those who dare to say, "He promised us the good things after death, perhaps He has deceived us." He shows that God is able even to raise from the dead; and if God is able to raise from the dead, He will certainly render all things. And if Abraham believed so many years ago that God is able to raise from the dead, how much more ought we to believe. Do you see that, as I have already said, death had not yet entered, and immediately he drew them to the hope of the resurrection, and brought them to such full assurance, as even when commanded to slay their own sons, and those from whom they expected to fill the world, to offer them readily? And he shows another thing here by saying, God tempted Abraham. What then? Did God not know that the man was noble and approved? Most certainly. For what reason then did He tempt him, if He knew? Not that He Himself might learn, but that He might show to others, and make his manliness manifest to all. And here he also shows the reason for the temptations, so that they might not think they suffer these things as having been abandoned. For here it is necessary to be tempted, because there are many who drive and plot against them; but there what need was there to devise temptations for him which did not exist? This temptation, therefore, was clearly happening at His command. The others, then, happened with His permission, but this one also at His command. If, therefore, temptations make men so approved, that even when there is no cause God trains His own athletes, much more ought we to bear all things nobly. But he said emphatically here that By faith he offered up Isaac, when he was tempted; for there was no other reason for the offering than this. Then he expands on the thought. One cannot say, he says, that he had another son, and from him expected the promise to be fulfilled, and for this reason confidently offered this one. And he who had received the promises, he says, offered up his only-begotten son. What do you mean, only-begotten? What then of Ishmael? Where was he from? I say only-begotten, he says, with respect to the word of the promise; for on this account he added, saying Only-begotten, showing that for his sake he also says: To whom it was said, In Isaac shall your seed be called, that is, from him. Do you see how he marvels at what was done by the patriarch? In Isaac, he heard, shall your seed be called, and he offered his son for sacrifice. Then, lest anyone should think that he did this out of despair, and through this command cast out that faith, but might learn that this too was truly of faith, he says that he held that faith also, though it seemed to conflict with this one; but it did not conflict; for he did not measure the power of God by human reasonings, but entrusted all things to faith. Wherefore he is not afraid to say, that

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ἀχθήσεσθε ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ· καὶ πάλιν· Ἐχθροὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οἱ οἰκιακοὶ αὐτοῦ. Καὶ τὰ μὲν τῆς θλίψεως ὧδε· τὰ δὲ τῆς ἀνέσεως ἐκεῖ. Ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ τοὐναντίον· ἐναντία ταῖς ὑποσχέσεσι προσετέτακτο ποιεῖν, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐθορυβήθη, οὐδὲ ἰλιγγίασεν, οὐδὲ ἠπατῆσθαι ἐνόμισεν· ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲν ἔξωθεν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ὑπομένετε, καὶ θορυβεῖσθε. Ἐκεῖνος ἐναντία ὧν ἐπηγγείλατο ἤκουσε παρὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐκεῖνα ἐπαγγειλαμένου, καὶ οὐκ ἐθορυβεῖτο, ἀλλ' ὡς σύμφωνα ἔπραττε· καὶ γὰρ ἦν σύμφωνα, ἐναντία μὲν τοῖς λογισμοῖς τοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις, σύμφωνα δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως· καὶ πῶς, αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς ἐδίδαξεν ὁ Ἀπόστολος, εἰπών· Λογισάμενος ὅτι καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δυνατὸς ὁ Θεός. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστιν· Ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς πίστεως, φησὶν, ἧς ἐπίστευσεν ὅτι οὐκ ὄντα χαρίσεται παῖδα, ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς καὶ νεκρὸν ἐγείρειν, καὶ ὅτι σφαγιασθέντα ἀναστήσει, ἐπέπειστο. Ὁμοίως γὰρ ἄπορον ἦν, ἀνθρωπίνῳ λέγω λογισμῷ, καὶ ἐκ μήτρας νεκρᾶς καὶ 63.173 γεγηρακυίας καὶ ἀχρήστου ἤδη γεγενημένης πρὸς παιδοποιίαν δοῦναι παιδίον, καὶ σφαγιασθέντα ἀναστῆσαι· ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπείθετο· προωδοποίει γὰρ ἡ πίστις ἡ παρελθοῦσα τοῖς μέλλουσιν. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ὁ μὲν ἑώρα τὰ χρηστὰ πρῶτα, τὰ δὲ δυσχερῆ ὕστερα πρὸς τῷ γήρᾳ. Ὑμεῖς δὲ τοὐναντίον, φησὶ, τὰ μὲν σκυθρωπὰ πρῶτα, τὰ δὲ χρηστὰ τελευταῖα. Τοῦτο πρὸς τοὺς λέγειν τολμῶντας, ὅτι Μετὰ θάνατον ἡμῖν ἐπηγγείλατο τὰ ἀγαθὰ, ἠπάτησεν ἴσως ἡμᾶς. ∆είκνυσιν, ὅτι καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δυνατὸς ὁ Θεός· εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δυνατὸς ὁ Θεὸς, πάντως πάντα ἀποδώσει. Εἰ δὲ Ἀβραὰμ ἐπίστευσε πρὸ τοσούτων ἐτῶν, ὅτι δυνατὸς ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν ὁ Θεὸς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς πιστεύειν ὀφείλομεν. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι, ὅπερ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, οὔπω εἰσῆλθεν ὁ θάνατος, καὶ εὐθέως αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν τῆς ἀναστάσεως εἵλκυσεν ἐλπίδα, καὶ εἰς τοσαύτην πληροφορίαν ἤγαγεν, ὡς καὶ σφαγιάζειν τοὺς ἑαυτῶν υἱοὺς κελευομένους, καὶ ἀφ' ὧν προσεδόκων ἐμπλήσειν τὴν οἰκουμένην, ἑτοίμως τούτους προσάγειν; Καὶ ἕτερον δὲ δείκνυσιν ἐνταῦθα διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Ἐπείραζεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Ἀβραάμ. Τί οὖν; οὐκ ᾔδει ὁ Θεὸς ὅτι γενναῖος ἦν καὶ δόκιμος ὁ ἀνήρ; Σφόδρα γε. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐπείραζεν αὐτὸν, εἰ ᾔδει; Οὐχ ἵνα αὐτὸς μάθῃ, ἀλλ' ἵνα τοῖς ἄλλοις δείξῃ, καὶ κατάδηλον αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀνδρείαν πᾶσι καταστήσῃ. Καὶ δείκνυσιν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τῶν πειρασμῶν τὴν αἰτίαν, ἵνα μὴ νομίζωσιν, ὡς ἐγκαταλελειμμένοι ταῦτα πάσχειν. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἀνάγκη πειράζεσθαι, διὰ τὸ πολλοὺς ἔχειν τοὺς ἐλαύνοντας καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας· ἐκεῖ δὲ ποία ἀνάγκη ἦν τοὺς οὐκ ὄντας αὐτῷ πειρασμοὺς ἐπινοεῖν; Οὗτος τοίνυν ὁ πειρασμὸς δῆλος ἦν ὅτι αὐτοῦ προστάττοντος ἐγίνετο. Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι συγχωροῦντος αὐτοῦ συνέβαινον, οὗτος δὲ καὶ προστάττοντος. Εἰ τοίνυν οὕτω δοκίμους τὰ τῶν πειρασμῶν ποιεῖ, ὡς καὶ μὴ οὔσης αἰτίας τὸν Θεὸν γυμνάζειν τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ ἀθλητάς· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς φέρειν πάντα χρὴ γενναίως. Ἐμφαντικῶς δὲ εἶπεν ἐνταῦθα, ὅτι Πίστει προσενήνοχε τὸν Ἰσαὰκ, πειραζόμενος· οὐδεμία γὰρ ἄλλη αἰτία ἦν προσαγωγῆς ἢ αὕτη. Εἶτα ἐπεξέρχεται τῷ νοήματι. Οὐκ ἔχει, φησὶν, εἰπεῖν, ὅτι καὶ ἄλλον εἶχεν υἱὸν, καὶ ἐξ ἐκείνου προσεδόκα τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν πληρωθήσεσθαι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο θαῤῥῶν τοῦτον προσήνεγκε. Καὶ τὸν μονογενῆ, φησὶ, προσέφερεν ὁ τὰς ἐπαγγελίας ἀναδεξάμενος. Τί λέγεις μονογενῆ; τί οὖν ὁ Ἰσμαήλ; πόθεν ἦν; Μονογενῆ λέγω, φησὶν, ὅσον εἰς τὸν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας λόγον· διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο προσέθηκεν, εἰπὼν Μονογενῆ, δεικνὺς ὅτι διὰ τοῦτον καὶ λέγει· Πρὸς ὃν ἐλαλήθη, ὅτι Ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα, τουτέστιν, ἐξ αὐτοῦ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς θαυμάζει τὸ παρὰ τοῦ πατριάρχου γινόμενον; Ἐν Ἰσαὰκ, ἤκουσε, κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα, καὶ προσέφερε σφάγιον τὸν υἱόν. Εἶτα, ἵνα μή τις νομίσῃ, ὅτι ἀπογνοὺς τοῦτο ἐποίει, καὶ διὰ τοῦ προστάγματος τούτου τὴν πίστιν ἐξέβαλεν ἐκείνην, ἀλλὰ μάθῃ, ὅτι ὄντως καὶ τοῦτο πίστεως ἦν, φησὶν ὅτι κἀκείνην εἶχε τὴν πίστιν, καίτοι γε δοκοῦσαν ταύτῃ μάχεσθαι· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐμάχετο· οὐ γὰρ λογισμοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις ἐμέτρει τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν, ἀλλὰ τῇ πίστει πάντα ἐπέτρεπε. ∆ιὸ οὐδὲ δέδοικεν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι