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to be wronged? When you commit an outrage, then you have been outraged. And the many know this in part; as when they say to one another, "Let us go from here, lest you outrage yourself." Why? Because the distance between you and that person is great; for however much you may outrage him, he considers it a glory. Let us consider this in all cases, and we become higher than outrages. How, I say: if we have a fight with the man who wears the purple, in outraging him we consider ourselves to be outraging ourselves; for in defiling him, we too become worthy of being defiled. What do you say, tell me? Being a citizen of the heavens, and having the philosophy from above, do you defile yourself with one who minds earthly things? For even if he possesses countless riches, even if he is in power, he does not yet know your good. Do not outrage yourself by outraging him; spare yourself, not him; honor yourself, not him. Is there not such a proverb, "He who honors, honors himself"? Rightly so; for he honors not that man, but himself. Hear a certain wise man saying: "Give to your soul honor according to its worth." What is, "According to its worth"? If he was greedy, he says, be not greedy; if he committed an outrage, do not commit an outrage. Tell me, I beseech you, if some poor man took mud that had been thrown out from your courtyard, would you have convened a court against him for this? By no means. Why? Lest you outrage yourself, lest all condemn you. This also happens now; for the rich man is poor, and the richer he is, the poorer he becomes in true poverty. Gold is mud, thrown out in the courtyard, not lying in your house; for your house is heaven. For this then will you convene a court, and will not the citizens above condemn you? will they not cast you out of their fatherland, you who are so base, so worthless, as to choose to fight for a little mud? For if the world were yours, and then someone took it, it would have been necessary to be concerned. γʹ. Do you not know that if you should set down the inhabited world ten times, and a hundred times, and ten thousand times, and twice that many, it is not even 63.176 a tiny fraction of the good things in the heavens? He therefore who marvels at the things here, has outraged those things there, if indeed he considers these things worthy of zeal, being so far inferior to those; or rather, he will not even be able to marvel at those things; for how could he, being enthralled by these? Let us cut, I beseech you, at long last, the ropes and the snares; for this is what earthly affairs are. How long do we bend down? Until when do we plot against one another, like the wild beasts, like the fish? Or rather, wild beasts do not plot against each other, but against those of another kind; for example, a bear does not readily kill a bear, nor does a snake kill a snake, respecting its own kind; but you, in the case of your own kind, though you have countless bonds—kinship, reason, knowledge of God, the strength of nature, countless other things—you kill this kinsman who partakes of the same nature, and surround him with countless evils. For what if you do not thrust the sword, nor plunge the right hand into his throat? you do other things more grievous than this, surrounding him with continual sorrows. For if you had done that, you would have freed him from care; but now you surround him with hunger and slavery, with despair and many other sins. These things I say, and I will not cease saying, not preparing you to murder, nor urging you to come to this as a lesser evil than that, but that you not be confident, as if you were not going to pay the penalty. For he who takes away, he says, his neighbor's livelihood and bread, murders him. Let us restrain our hands at last, I beseech you, let us restrain them; or rather, let us not restrain them, but let us stretch them out well, not for greed, but for almsgiving; let us not have a fruitless hand, nor a withered one; for the hand that does not give alms is withered; but the one that is also greedy is defiled and unclean. Let no one eat with such hands; for this is an outrage to those who have been invited. For tell me, if someone, having made us recline on carpets and a soft couch and on gold-embroidered linens in a splendid and large house, and having set a great multitude of servants beside us, then having prepared a platter of silver and gold, and having filled it with many dainties and

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ἀδικεῖσθαι; Ὅταν ὑβρίσῃς, τότε ὑβρίσθης. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐκ μέρους ἴσασιν οἱ πολλοί· ὡς ὅταν λέγωσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, Ἄγωμεν ἐντεῦθεν, μὴ ὑβρίσῃς σαυτόν. ∆ιὰ τί; Ὅτι πολὺ τὸ μέσον σοῦ κἀκείνου· ὅσα γὰρ ἂν ὑβρίσῃς, ἐκεῖνος δόξαν ἡγεῖται. Τοῦτο ἐπὶ πάντων ἐννοῶμεν, καὶ γινόμεθα ὑψηλότεροι τῶν ὕβρεων. Πῶς, ἐγὼ λέγω· ἐὰν πρὸς αὐτὸν τὸν τὴν ἁλουργίδα ἔχοντα μάχην ἔχωμεν, τῷ ὑβρίζειν αὐτὸν ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ὑβρίζειν ἡγούμεθα· καὶ γὰρ πλύνοντες ἐκεῖνον, καὶ ἡμεῖς τοῦ πλύνεσθαι ἄξιοι γινόμεθα. Τί λέγεις, εἰπέ μοι; τῶν οὐρανῶν πολίτης ὢν, καὶ τὴν ἄνω φιλοσοφίαν ἔχων, μετὰ τοῦ τὰ γήϊνα φρονοῦντος πλύνεις σαυτόν; Κἂν γὰρ μυρία χρήματα κέκτηται, κἂν ἐν δυναστείᾳ ᾖ, οὔπω οἶδε τὸ καλὸν τὸ σόν. Μὴ ὑβρίσῃς σαυτὸν, ἐκεῖνον ὑβρίζων· σαυτοῦ φεῖσαι, μὴ ἐκείνου· σαυτὸν τίμησον, μὴ ἐκεῖνον. Οὐχὶ παροιμία τοιαύτη ἐστὶν, Ὁ τιμῶν, ἑαυτὸν τιμᾷ; Εἰκότως· οὐ γὰρ ἐκεῖνον τιμᾷ, ἀλλ' ἑαυτόν. Ἄκουε σοφοῦ τινος λέγοντος· Ποίησον τῇ ψυχῇ σου τιμὴν κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν αὐτῆς. Τί ἐστι, Κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν αὐτῆς; Εἰ ἐπλεονέκτησε, φησὶ, μὴ πλεονεκτήσῃς· εἰ ὕβρισε, μὴ ὑβρίσῃς. Εἰπέ μοι, παρακαλῶ, εἴ τις πένης πηλὸν ἐῤῥιμμένον ἀπὸ τῆς αὐλῆς ἔλαβε τῆς σῆς, ἆρα ἂν ὑπὲρ τούτου δικαστήριον αὐτῷ συνεκρότησας; Οὐδαμῶς. ∆ιὰ τί; Ἵνα μὴ ὑβρίσῃς σαυτὸν, ἵνα μὴ πάντες σου καταγνῶσι. Τοῦτο καὶ νῦν γίνεται· πένης γάρ ἐστιν ὁ πλούσιος, καὶ ὅσῳ πλουτεῖ, τοσούτῳ πένης γίνεται τὴν ὄντως πενίαν. Πηλός ἐστιν ὁ χρυσὸς, ἐν αὐλῇ ἐῤῥιμμένος, οὐκ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου κείμενος· ἡ γὰρ οἰκίᾳ σου ὁ οὐρανός ἐστιν. Ὑπὲρ τούτου οὖν συγκροτήσεις δικαστήριον, καὶ οὐ καταγνώσονταί σου οἱ ἄνω πολῖται; οὐκ ἐκβαλοῦσί σε τῆς ἑαυτῶν πατρίδος, τὸν οὕτω ταπεινὸν, τὸν οὕτως εὐτελῆ, ὡς ὑπὲρ ὀλίγου πηλοῦ μάχεσθαι αἱρεῖσθαι; Εἰ γὰρ ὁ κόσμος ἦν σὸς, εἶτα αὐτόν τις ἔλαβεν, ἐπιστραφῆναι ἐχρῆν. γʹ. Οὐκ οἶδας ὅτι δεκάκις τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐὰν θῇς, καὶ ἑκατοντάκις, καὶ μυριάκις, καὶ δὶς τοσοῦτον, οὐδὲ 63.176 πρὸς τὸ πολλοστὸν μέρος τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἐστιν ἀγαθῶν; Ὁ τοίνυν τὰ ἐνταῦθα θαυμάζων, ἐκεῖνα ὕβρισεν, εἴ γε ταῦτα ἄξια σπουδῆς ἡγεῖται, τοσοῦτον ἐκείνων ἀπολιμπανόμενα· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ θαυμάσαι ἐκεῖνα δυνήσεται· πῶς γὰρ, πρὸς ταῦτα ἐπτοημένος; ∆ιατέμωμεν ὀψὲ γοῦν ποτε, παρακαλῶ, τὰ σχοινία καὶ τὰς πλεκτάνας· τοῦτο γὰρ τὰ γήϊνα πράγματα. Μέχρι πότε κάτω κύπτομεν; μέχρι τίνος ἀλλήλοις ἐπιβουλεύομεν, καθάπερ τὰ θηρία, καθάπερ οἱ ἰχθύες; Μᾶλλον δὲ, τὰ θηρία οὐκ ἐπιβουλεύει ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀλλοφύλοις· οἷον, ἄρκτος ἄρκτον οὐκ ἀναιρεῖ ταχέως, οὐδὲ ὄφις ὄφιν ἀναιρεῖ, τὸ ὁμόφυλον αἰδούμενος· σὺ δὲ μετὰ τοῦ ὁμοφύλου καὶ μυρία ἔχων δικαιώματα, τὸ συγγενὲς, τὸ λογικὸν, τὸ τὸν Θεὸν εἰδέναι, τῆς φύσεως τὴν ἰσχὺν, μυρία ἄλλα ἕτερα, τὸν συγγενῆ καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς φύσεως κεκοινωνηκότα, τοῦτον ἀναιρεῖς, καὶ μυρίοις περιβάλλεις κακοῖς. Τί γὰρ, εἰ μὴ τὸ ξίφος ὠθεῖς, μηδὲ βαπτίζεις εἰς τὴν δέρην τὴν δεξιάν; ἕτερα χαλεπώτερα τούτου ποιεῖς, λύπαις διηνεκέσι περιβάλλων. Ἐκεῖνο γὰρ εἰ εἰργάσω, ἀπήλλαξας ἂν αὐτὸν φροντίδος· νῦν δὲ λιμῷ καὶ δουλείᾳ περιβάλλεις, ἀποδυσπετήσεσι καὶ ἁμαρτίαις ἑτέραις πολλαῖς. Ταῦτα λέγω, καὶ λέγων οὐ παύσομαι, οὐχὶ φονᾷν ὑμᾶς παρασκευάζων, οὐδὲ ὡς ἐπὶ ἔλαττον ἐκείνου κακὸν ἔρχεσθαι πρὸς τοῦτο προτρεπόμενος, ἀλλὰ μὴ θαῤῥεῖν, ὡς μὴ μέλλοντας δώσειν δίκην. Ὁ ἀφαιρούμενος γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐμβίωσιν τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἄρτον, φονεύει αὐτόν. Κατάσχωμεν παρ' ἑαυτοῖς τὰς χεῖράς ποτε, παρακαλῶ, κατάσχωμεν· μᾶλλον δὲ μὴ κατάσχωμεν, ἀλλ' ἐκτείνωμεν αὐτὰς καλῶς, μὴ πρὸς πλεονεξίαν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἐλεημοσύνην· μὴ ἄκαρπον ἔχωμεν τὴν χεῖρα, μηδὲ ξηράν· ἡ μὲν γὰρ μὴ ποιοῦσα ἐλεημοσύνην, ξηρά· ἡ δὲ καὶ πλεονεκτοῦσα, μιαρὰ καὶ ἀκάθαρτος. Μηδεὶς μετὰ τοιούτων ἐσθιέτω χειρῶν· ὕβρις γὰρ τῶν κεκλημένων τοῦτο. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἴ τις ἐπὶ ταπήτων καὶ στρωμνῆς ἁπαλῆς καὶ χρυσοπάστων σινδόνων κατακλίνας ἡμᾶς ἐν οἴκῳ λαμπρῷ καὶ μεγάλῳ, καὶ πολὺ πλῆθος διακόνων παραστησάμενος, εἶτα πίνακα ἐξ ἀργύρου παρασκευασάμενος καὶ χρυσοῦ, καὶ πολλῶν ἐμπλήσας ἐδεσμάτων καὶ