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the entire open court was marked off. And some parts were allotted to all the people, but the inner parts and those next to the temple itself were dedicated to the priests alone. He says, therefore, that he saw in the inner court chambers, and thirty colonnades; the Syrian called the chambers exedrae. And these also were set apart for the priests, as the same prophet teaches. And to the divine Isaiah God says: "Go into the chamber to Somnas the scribe." And he says that a width of one hundred cubits was allotted to the outer courts, both to the one facing north and to the one facing south, and likewise also to the one facing the rising sun; but of each of the inner courts, the length was twenty-five cubits, and the width fifty cubits. And he says that the gates were like each other in all respects, both in their measurements and in the carvings of the palm trees; and the projections on either side of the door, or mouldings, he calls aileu, on which he said the images of the palm trees were carved. And he says he saw tables placed on either side of the gates, on which the priests, laying the sacrificial animals, slaughtered them, both the whole burnt offerings and those offered for sin and ignorance; and he said that a certain stream was nearby, which received the blood of the victims, and certainly carried it away to some distant place. The tables, he says, also had roofs covering them from above, and warding off the assault of both the rain and the sun. After this he relates that he saw two exedrae, the one facing north, the other south; both built in the inner courts. And the one facing south, he said, was allotted to the priests who guard the divine temple; but the one facing north, to those who guard the outer altar. And he said that both these and those traced their lineage from Zadok; for long ago God of all things had caused the lineage of 81.1224 Abiathar to cease from the priesthood, according to the sentence brought against Eli the high priest. He says that the inner court, the one facing the rising sun, from the porch of the divine temple to the gate had one hundred cubits, and the width likewise was that much; and opposite the temple was the altar; the porch of the temple was twenty cubits in length, and fourteen in breadth; and its door was likewise fourteen in breadth, and the angles on either side of it, or doorposts up to the corner, were three cubits each. For in this way the measure of twenty cubits is filled, the door taking fourteen, and the angles on either side (for these he called shoulders), the other six, three from here, and three from there. He said that the door of the temple itself had a width of ten cubits, and the angles on either side were five cubits, so that again the twenty cubits were filled; and he measured, he says, the temple itself, and showed me its length was forty cubits, and its breadth twenty, of equal measure with the porch. And I saw, he says, another, inner door, having a breadth of six cubits, and the angles on either side of seven cubits; so to the six cubits the fourteen being added fill the twenty. And he says he saw the doors separating the Holy of Holies from the holy places, and their width was equal to the temple, that is, twenty cubits; and the height forty cubits. And having sought the measurements from the Syrian and the Hebrew, I found the height also to be of equal measure with the breadth; for both agreed, the Syrian and the Hebrew, saying twenty cubits, for both the width and the height. And he says he had seen a double structure round about the temple, and other walls built outside the roof, and between the two walls a walkway and a passage all around. And he also states the reason for this structure: "So that no one," he says, "may approach the walls of the temple." And this narrow circuit itself, he said, was divided into floors and upper stories, and had windows that were narrow on the outside but wider on the inside, which they call

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ὕπαιθρον ἅπαν διώριστο. Καὶ τὰ μὲν ἀπενενέμητο παντὶ τῷ λαῷ, τὰ δὲ ἐνδότερα καὶ παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν νεὼν μόνοις ἀφιέρωτο τοῖς ἱερεῦσι. Λέγει τοίνυν ἰδεῖν ἐν τῇ ἐν δοτέρᾳ αὐλῇ παστοφόρια, καὶ περίστυλα τριάκοντα· τὰ δὲ παστοφόρια ὁ Σύρος ἐξέδρας ὠνόμασε. Καὶ ταῦτα δὲ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἀφώριστο, ὡς ὁ αὐτὸς διδάσκει προφήτης. Τῷ θεσπεσίῳ δὲ Ἡσαΐᾳ φησὶν ὁ Θεός· "Εἴσ ελθε εἰς τὸ παστοφόριον πρὸς Σομμᾶν τὸν γραμμα τέα." Λέγει δὲ ἑκατὸν μὲν πήχεων εὖρος ἀπονεμηθῆ ναι ταῖς ἐξωτέραις αὐλαῖς, τῇ τε πρὸς ἄρκτον καὶ τῇ πρὸς μεσημβρίαν βλεπούσῃ, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τῇ πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα· τῶν δὲ ἐσωτέρων αὐλῶν ἑκάστης τὸ μὲν μῆκος πήχεων εἰκοσιπέντε, τὸ δὲ εὖρος πήχεων πεντήκοντα. Λέγει δὲ καὶ τὰς πύλας ἐοικέναι ἀλλή λαις κατὰ πάντα, κατά τε τὰ μέτρα, καὶ κατὰ τὰς τῶν φοινίκων γλυφάς· τὰ δὲ ἑκατέρωθεν τῆς θύρας γεισ σώματα, εἴτουν κυμάτια, αἴλευ ὀνομάζει, ἐν αἷς διαγεγλύφθαι ἔφη τὰ τῶν φοινίκων εἰκάσματα. Λέγει δὲ θεωρῆσαι καὶ τραπέζας ἑκατέρωθεν τῶν πυλῶν κειμένας, ἐν αἷς τὰ ἱερεῖα τιθέντες οἱ ἱερεῖς κατ έσφαζον, τά τε ὁλοκαυτούμενα, καὶ τὰ ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτίας καὶ ἀγνοίας προσφερόμενα· πλησιάζειν δὲ ἔφη καὶ ῥύακά τινα, τὸ αἷμα τῶν θυμάτων ὑποδεχόμενον, καὶ εἴς τι χωρίον ἀπῳκισμένον πάντως μετακομί ζοντα. Εἶχον δὲ, φησὶν, αἱ τράπεζαι καὶ ὀρόφους ἄνωθεν καλύπτοντας, καὶ τοῦ τε ὑετοῦ, τοῦ τε ἡλίου τὴν προσβολὴν ἀπείργοντας. Μετὰ ταῦτα διηγεῖται, ὡς ἐξέδρας ἐθεάσατο δύο, τὴν μὲν εἰς ἄρκτον, τὴν δὲ εἰς μεσημβρίαν ἀποβλέπουσαν· ἀμφοτέρας δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἐνδοτέραις ᾠκοδομημένας αὐλαῖς. Καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀποβλέπουσαν πρὸς νότον, τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἀπονενεμῆ σθαι ἔφη τοῖς τὸν θεῖον φυλάττουσι νεών· τὴν δὲ πρὸς βοῤῥᾶν ἀποβλέπουσαν, τοῖς τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ ἔξω φυλάττουσι. Ἔφη δὲ καὶ τούτους κἀκείνους ἀπὸ τοῦ Σαδοὺκ τὸ γένος κατάγειν· πάλαι γὰρ τοῦ 81.1224 Ἀβιάθαρ τὸ γένος ἔπαυσε τοῦ ἱερατεύειν ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεὸς, κατὰ τὴν ἐξενεχθεῖσαν κατὰ Ἡλεὶ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως ψῆφον. Λέγει δὲ ἐσωτέραν αὐλὴν, τὴν πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα βλέπουσαν, ἀπὸ τοῦ προπυλαίου τοῦ θείου νεὼ μέχρι τῆς πύλης ἑκατὸν ἐσχηκέναι πήχεις, καὶ τὸ εὖρος δὲ ὡσαύτως τοσούτους· καταντικρὺ δὲ τοῦ νεὼ τὸ θυσιαστήριον· τὸ δὲ προπύλαιον τοῦ νεὼ εἴκοσι μὲν πήχεων τὸ μῆκος, τεττάρων δὲ καὶ δέκα τὸ πλάτος· καὶ τὴν θύραν αὐτοῦ ὁμοίως τεττάρων καὶ δέκα τὸ πλάτος, τοὺς δὲ ἑκατέρωθεν αὐτῆς ἀγκῶνας, ἢ παραστάδας μέχρι τῆς γωνίας, ἀπὸ τριῶν πήχεων ἑκατέραν. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τῶν εἴκοσι πήχεων πληροῦται τὸ μέτρον, τῆς μὲν θύρας τέτταρας καὶ δέκα λαβούσης, τῶν ἑκατέρωθεν ἀγ κώνων (τούτους γὰρ ἐπωμίδας ἐκάλεσε), τοὺς ἄλλους ἓξ, τρεῖς ἐντεῦθεν, καὶ τρεῖς ἐκεῖθεν. Αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ νεὼ τὴν θύραν ἔφη εὖρος ἔχειν πήχεων δέκα, τοὺς δὲ ἑκατέρωθεν ἀγκῶνας ἀπὸ πέντε πήχεων, ὥστε πληροῦσθαι πάλιν τοὺς εἴκοσι πήχεις· διεμέτρησε δὲ, φησὶ, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν νεὼν, καὶ ὑπέδειξέ μοι τεσσα ράκοντα πήχεων τὸ μῆκος, εἴκοσι δὲ τὸ πλάτος, ἰσό μετρον τῷ προπυλαίῳ. Εἶδον δὲ, φησὶ, καὶ ἑτέραν θύραν ἐνδοτέραν, τὸ πλάτος ἔχουσαν πήχεις ἓξ, τοὺς δὲ ἑκατέρωθεν ἀγκῶνας ἀπὸ πήχεων ἑπτά· τοῖς ἓξ τοίνυν πήχεσιν οἱ τέτταρες καὶ δέκα προστιθέμε νοι τοὺς εἴκοσι πληροῦσι. Λέγει δὲ θεάσασθαι καὶ τὰς θύρας τὰς διοριζούσας ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων τὰ Ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων, καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖρος αὐτῶν ἰσόμετρον εἶναι τῷ νεῷ, τουτέστι πήχεων εἴκοσι· τὸ δὲ ὕψος πή χεων τεσσαράκοντα. Ζητήσας δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῷ Σύρῳ καὶ παρὰ τῷ Ἑβραίῳ τὰ μέτρα, εὗρον καὶ τὸ ὕψος ἰσόμετρον τῷ πλάτει· συνεφώνησαν γὰρ ἀμφότεροι, ὅ τε Σύρος, ὅ τε Ἑβραῖος, εἴκοσι πήχεων φήσαν τες, καὶ τὸ εὖρος, καὶ τὸ ὕψος. Λέγει δὲ καὶ διπλοῦν τεθεᾶσθαι κύκλῳ τοῦ ναοῦ τὸ οἰκοδόμημα, καὶ ἑτέρους τοίχους ἔξωθεν τῆς ὀροφῆς ᾠκοδομημένους, καὶ μεταξὺ τῶν δύο τοίχων κύκλῳ περίπατόν τε καὶ δίοδον. Λέγει δὲ καὶ τῆς οἰκοδομίας ταύτης τὴν αἰ τίαν· "Ἵνα μηδεὶς, φησὶ, πελάζῃ τοῖς τοῦ νεὼ τοί χοις." Τοῦτον δὲ αὐτὸν στενὸν κύκλον ἔφη εἰς ἐπί πεδα καὶ ὑπερῷα διῃρῆσθαι, καὶ θυρίδας ἔχειν ἔξω θεν μὲν στενὰς εὐρυτέρας δὲ ἔνδοθεν, ἃς προσαγο