Letter CCLXIII.

To the Eminently Religious Lady and Holy Daughter Sapida, Augustin Sends Greeting in the Lord.

1. The gift prepared by the just and pious industry of your own hands, and kindly presented by you to me, I have accepted, lest I should increase the grief of one who needs, as I perceive, much rather to be comforted by me; especially because you expressed yourself as esteeming it no small consolation to you if I would wear this tunic, which you had made for that holy servant of God your brother, since he, having departed from the land of the dying, is raised above the need of the things which perish in the using. I have, therefore, complied with your desire, and whatever be the kind and degree of consolation which you may feel this to yield, I have not refused it to your affection for your brother.1588    The hesitation which Augustin here indicates in regard to accepting this gift may be understood from the following sentences of one of his sermons:—“Let no one give me a present of clothing, whether linen, or tunic, or any other article of dress, except as a gift to be used in common by my brethren and myself. I will accept nothing for myself which is not to be of service to our community, because I do not wish to have anything which does not equally belong to all the rest. Wherefore I request you, my brethren, to offer me no gift of apparel which may not be worn by the others as suitably as by me. A gift of costly raiment, for example, may sometimes be presented to me as becoming apparel for a bishop to wear; but it is not becoming for Augustin, who is poor, and who is the son of poor parents. Would you have men say that in the Church I found means to obtain richer clothing than I could have had in my father’s house, or in the pursuit of secular employment? That would be a shame to me! The clothing worn by me must be such that I can give it to my brethren if they require it. I do not wish anything which would not be suitable for a presbyter, a deacon, or a sub-deacon, for I receive everything in common with them. If gifts of more costly apparel be given to me, I shall sell them, as has been my custom hitherto, in order that, if the dress be not available for all, the money realized by the sale may be a common benefit. I sell them accordingly, and distribute their price among the poor. Wherefore if any wish me to wear articles of clothing presented to me as gifts let them give such clothing as shall not make me blush when I use it. For I assure you that a costly dress makes me blush, because it is not in harmony with my profession, or with such exhortations as I now give to you, and ill becomes one whose frame is bent, and whose locks are whitened, as you see, by age.”—Sermon 356, Bened. edition, vol. v. col. 1389, quoted by Tillemont, xiii. p. 222. The tunic which you sent I have accordingly accepted, and have already begun to wear it before writing this to you. Be therefore of good cheer; but apply yourself, I beseech you, to far better and far greater consolations, in order that the cloud which, through human weakness, gathers darkness closely round your heart, may be dissipated by the words of divine authority; and, at all times, so live that you may live with your brother, since he has so died that he lives still.

2. It is indeed a cause for tears that your brother, who loved you, and who honoured you especially for your pious life, and your profession as a consecrated virgin, is no more before your eyes, as hitherto, going in and out in the assiduous discharge of his ecclesiastical duties as a deacon of the church of Carthage, and that you shall no more hear from his lips the honourable testimony which, with kindly, pious, and becoming affection, he was wont to render to the holiness of a sister so dear to him. When these things are pondered, and are regretfully desired1589    For requiritur the Benedictine editors suggest recurrit, as a conjectural emendation of the text. We propose, and adopt in the translation, a simpler and perhaps more probable alteration, and read requiruntur. with all the vehemence of long-cherished affection, the heart is pierced, and, like blood from the pierced heart, tears flow apace. But let your heart rise heavenward, and your eyes will cease to weep.1590    Sursum sit cor et sicci erunt oculi. The things over the loss of which you mourn have indeed passed away, for they were in their nature temporary, but their loss does not involve the annihilation of that love with which Timotheus loved [his sister] Sapida, and loves her still: it abides in its own treasury, and is hidden with Christ in God. Does the miser lose his gold when he stores it in a secret place? Does he not then become, so far as lies in his power, more confidently assured that the gold is in his possession when he keeps it in some safer hiding-place, where it is hidden even from his eyes? Earthly covetousness believes that it has found a safer guardianship for its loved treasures when it no longer sees them; and shall heavenly love sorrow as if it had lost for ever that which it has only sent before it to the garner of the upper world? O Sapida, give yourself wholly to your high calling, and set your affections1591    In the Latin word sapere here employed, there is an allusion to her name (Sapida), which he has with a view to this repeated immediately before. on things above, where, at the right hand of God, Christ sitteth, who condescended for us to die, that we, though we were dead, might live, and to secure that no man should fear death as if it were destined to destroy him, and that no one of those for whom the Life died should after death be mourned for as if he had lost life. Take to yourself these and other similar divine consolations, before which human sorrow may blush and flee away.

3. There is nothing in the sorrow of mortals over their dearly beloved dead which merits displeasure; but the sorrow of believers ought not to be prolonged. If, therefore, you have been grieved till now, let this grief suffice, and sorrow not as do the heathen, “who have no hope.”1592    1 Thess. iv. 12. For when the Apostle Paul said this, he did not prohibit sorrow altogether, but only such sorrow as the heathen manifest who have no hope. For even Martha and Mary, pious sisters, and believers, wept for their brother Lazarus, of whom they knew that he would rise again, though they knew not that he was at that time to be restored to life; and the Lord Himself wept for that same Lazarus, whom He was going to bring back from death;1593    John xi. 19–35. wherein doubtless He by His example permitted, though He did not by any precept enjoin, the shedding of tears over the graves even of those regarding whom we believe that they shall rise again to the true life. Nor is it without good reason that Scripture saith in the book of Ecclesiasticus: “Let tears fall down over the dead, and begin to lament as if thou hadst suffered great harm thyself;” but adds, a little further on, this counsel, “and then comfort thyself for thy heaviness. For of heaviness cometh death, and the heaviness of the heart breaketh strength.”1594    Ecclus. xxxviii. 16–18.

4. Your brother, my daughter, is alive as to the soul, is asleep as to the body: “Shall not he who sleeps also rise again from sleep?”1595    Ps. xli. 8, LXX. God, who has already received his spirit, shall again give back to him his body, which He did not take away to annihilate, but only took aside to restore. There is therefore no reason for protracted sorrow, since there is a much stronger reason for everlasting joy. For even the mortal part of your brother, which has been buried in the earth, shall not be for ever lost to you;—that part in which he was visibly present with you, through which also he addressed you and conversed with you, by which he spoke with a voice not less thoroughly known to your ear than was his countenance when presented to your eyes, so that, wherever the sound of his voice was heard, even though he was not seen, he used to be at once recognised by you. These things are indeed withdrawn so as to be no longer perceived by the senses of the living, that the absence of the dead may make surviving friends mourn for them. But seeing that even the bodies of the dead shall not perish (as not even a hair of the head shall perish),1596    Luke xxi. 18. but shall, after being laid aside for a time, be received again never more to be laid aside, but fixed finally in the higher condition of existence into which they shall have been changed, certainly there is more cause for thankfulness in the sure hope for an immeasurable eternity, than for sorrow in the transient experience of a very short span of time. This hope the heathen do not possess, because they know not the Scriptures nor the power of God,1597    Matt. xxii. 29. who is able to restore what was lost, to quicken what was dead, to renew what has been subjected to corruption, to re-unite things which have been severed from each other, and to preserve thenceforward for evermore what was originally corruptible and shortlived. These things He has promised, who has, by the fulfilment of other promises, given our faith good ground to believe that these also shall be fulfilled. Let your faith often discourse now to you on these things, because your hope shall not be disappointed, though your love may be now for a season interrupted in its exercise; ponder these things; in them find more solid and abundant consolation. For if the fact that I now wear (because he could not) the garment which you had woven for your brother yields some comfort to you, how much more full and satisfactory the comfort which you should find in considering that he for whom this was prepared, and who then did not require an imperishable garment, shall be clothed with incorruption and immortality!

EPISTOLA CCLXIII . Augustinus Sapidae virgini, renuntiat se accepisse tunicam ipsius manibus contextam fratri, quem ipsa mortuum lugebat; jamque eam, quod Sapida praeberi sibi solatium expetierat, induisse: caeterum adhortans ad uberiorem verioremque consolationem usurpandam ex Scripturarum divinarum fide.

Dominae religiosissimae et sanctae filiae SAPIDAE, AUGUSTINUS, in Domino salutem.

1. Accepi quod de justis et piis laboribus manuum tuarum me accipere voluisti, ne te gravius contristarem, quam potius consolandam viderem: praesertim quia hoc ipsum tuum non parvum deputasti esse solatium, si eam, quam germano tuo sancto Dei ministro feceras tunicam, ego induerer; cum jam a terra morientium recedens nullis rebus corruptibilibus indigeret. Feci ergo quod desiderasti, et qualecumque hoc existima veris, vel quantulumcumque solatium, tuo erga fratrem pectori non negavi. Missam abs te tunicam accepi, et quando haec ad te scripsi, ea me vestire jam coeperam. Bono animo esto; sed multo melioribus, multoque majoribus consolationibus utere, ut nubilum tui cordis humana infirmitate contractum, serenetur auctoritate divina: et perseveranter ita vive, ut cum fratre vivas; quoniam sic mortuus est tuus frater, ut vivat.

2. Est quidem materies lacrymarum, quod germanum dilectorem tuum, teque plurimum pro tua vita et sacrae virginitatis professione reverentem, diaconum Carthaginensis Ecclesiae non vides, sicut solebas, intrantem et exeuntem, et in sui ecclesiastici officii strenuitate versantem; et honorifica illa ab eo verba non audis, quae tuae germanitatis sanctitati, morigero, pio et officioso impendebat affectu. Haec cum cogitantur, et consuetudinis violentia requiritur , cor pungitur, et tanquam sanguis cordis fletus exoritur. Sed sursum sit cor, et sicci erunt oculi. Neque enim 1083 quia ista, quae tibi moeres esse subtracta, suo temporali cursu praeterierunt, ideo periit illa charitas qua Timotheus Sapidam dilexit, et diligit: manet illa servata in thesauro suo, et abscondita est cum Christo in Domino. Qui diligunt aurum, numquid perdunt quando recondunt? nonne tunc de illo, quantum fieri potest, securiores fiunt, cum remotum a suis oculis locis tutioribus servant? Itane vero terrena cupiditas munitius se habere putat, si non videat id quod amat; et coelestis charitas dolet, tanquam amiserit quod in horrea superna praemiserit. Sapida, quod vocaris attende, et quae sursum sunt sape, ubi Christus est ad dexteram Dei sedens (Coloss. III, 1-3); qui pro nobis dignatus est mori, ut viveremus etiam mortui; et ne mors ipsa ab homine, tanquam consumptura hominem, timeretur; nec mortuorum quisquam, pro quibus vita mortua est, tanquam vitam perdiderit, doleretur. Haec atque hujusmodi tua sint divina solatia quibus erubescat et cedat humana tristitia.

3. Non quidem succensendum est de charis mortuis dolori mortalium; sed diuturnus dolor non debet esse fidelium. Si ergo contristata es, jam sit satis; nec sic contristeris quemadmodum Gentes, quae spem non habent (I Thess. IV, 12). Non enim constristari prohibuit Paulus apostolus, cum hoc diceret, sed sic contristari quemadmodum Gentes, quae spem non habent. Nam et Martha et Maria, piae sorores et fideles, resurrecturum suum fratrem Lazarum flebant, quamvis eum tunc ad hanc vitam rediturum esse nescirent: et ipse Dominus eumdem, quem fuerat resuscitaturus, Lazarum flevit (Joan. XI, 19-35); nimirum ut fleamus etiam nos eos mortuos quos ad veram vitam resurrecturos credimus, etsi non jussit praecepto, concessit exemplo. Nec frustra Scriptura dicit in libro Ecclesiastico, In mortuo produc lacrymas, et quasi dira perpessus incipe tamentationem: sed paulo post ait, et consolare propter iristitiam; a tristitia enim procedit mors, et tristitia cordis flectet fortitudinem (Eccli. XXXVIII, 16-19).

4. Frater tuus, filia, mente vivit, carne dormit; numquid qui dormit, non adjiciet ut resurgat (Psal. XL, 9)? Deus qui spiritum ejus jam suscepit, restituet ei corpus suum, quod non perdendum abstulit, sed reddendum distulit. Nulla est igitur causa tristitiae diuturnae, quia potior est causa laetitiae sempiternae. Quandoquidem germani tui nec pars ipsa mortalis, quae in terra sepulta est, tibi peribit; in qua tibi praesentabatur, per quam te alloquebatur, tecumque colloquebatur; ex qua promebat vocem sic tuis auribus notam, quemadmodum faciem tuis oculis offerebat, ita ut ubicumque sonuisset, etiam non visus soleret agnosci. Haec enim vivorum sensibus subtrahuntur, ut dolorem faciat absentia mortuorum. Sed quando nec ipsa in aeternum corpora peribunt, uti nec capillus capitis peribit (Luc. XXI, 18), et ad tempus deposita 1084 sic recipientur, ut nunquam ulterius deponantur, sed in melius demutata firmentur; profecto major est causa gratulationis in spe inaestimabilis aeternitatis, quam causa moeroris in re brevissimi temporis. Hanc spem non habent Gentes, nescientes Scripturas neque virtutem Dei (Matth. XXII, 29); qui potest perdita reparare, et vivificare mortua, et redintegrare corrupta, et separata iterum jungere, et corrupta atque finita deinceps sine fine servare. Haec facturum se esse promisit, qui ex his fidem fecit, quae jam promissa perfecit. Haec tecum sermocinetur fides tua, quoniam non fraudabitur spes tua, etsi nunc differatur charitas tua: haec meditare; his uberius et verius consolare. Si enim, quia vestior (quoniam ille non potuit) ea veste quam fratri texueras, te aliquid consolatur; quanto debes amplius et certius consolari, quia cui fuerat praeparata, tunc incorruptibili indumento nullo egens, incorruptione atque immortalitate vestietur!