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let those who have be, and those who buy as not possessing, and those who weep as not weeping, and those who rejoice as not rejoicing, and those who use the world as not using it to the full», so also those who are anxious as not being anxious and (323) those who work as not working. And again: «As dead, and behold we live, as having nothing and possessing all things». Do not then simply pass these things by and think to understand the power hidden in them in this way, but understand for me precisely the disposition within your soul, beloved, and from the things that are seen we will present to you the contemplation of what has been said; but pay attention to what is said with precision.

He who has already become dead is disposed in his senses toward none of the things that are seen; and he who has nothing is completely deprived, is in need of all things, desires all things; but he who possesses all things, for what other thing in life could he have his desire, having clearly encompassed all things and not having left anything that he ought to desire to acquire? But blessed is he who has sought these things in deed, who has understood by experience and seen and learned. For our words are not empty words, but just as houses and cities and kingdoms are in the roads and the regions in various places, so also in the very road that leads to heaven, the commandments of God and the virtues exist at various stages and places. We therefore speak about those things, inasmuch as speech is able to clarify those visible creations and their magnitudes and beauties. But the one who reads, how from words alone will he become a spectator of the things themselves? In no way, one might say. But if he cannot become a spectator, how can he become master of one of these things? For it is possible to see them or some of them partially, but not to possess them. For to see, or even to hear and to tell others again what was heard, is easy for all and simple, but to acquire any of such things is bought for a price. But that which is given for the purchase of such things is not gold, nor yet silver, but blood; for with blood each (324) of us who are willing buys them one by one. For in truth, unless someone is slaughtered like a sheep for the sake of one, even a random virtue, and pours out his own blood for it, he will never possess it; for through a willing death God has ordained for us to receive eternal life. Die and you will live. You do not want to? And behold, you are dead.

But let us see what sort and what kind are the mansions and houses of the virtues, for which one ought to empty his blood for their possession. The first house, then, is blessed humility; «For blessed,» he says, «are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven». Therefore, he who wishes to enter this house and with it to acquire the kingdom of heaven, unless before its gates, like a ram, with his hands and feet bound, he first gives himself over for slaughter to all who wish it and will be butchered and will be completely dead, having killed his own will, he will never enter within it, nor will he possess it; and if not this one, not another of the others either. For it is not possible for one who bypasses this one ever to be in another; for God has set them in an order and a rank. And just as certain islands in the expanse of the sea, so in the midst of life you will understand with intelligence these virtues to be, standing apart from one another and joined as if by certain bridges, settled apart from all earthly things and suspended, and securely holding on to one another. Of all these, therefore, the beginning is blessed humility, in which one who has entered through repentance from the western gate and has spent sufficient time in it, will go out to the eastern door and, walking on the bridge, thus comes to the dwelling and house of mourning; (325) and having tarried there, having both washed and been purified and delighted in its beauty, he passes over to the lodging of meekness; and from there to the place of thirsting and hungering for righteousness he crosses swiftly, then in this way he arrives at that of mercy and

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ἔχοντες ὦσι καί οἱ ἀγοράζοντες ὡς μή κατέχοντες καί οἱ κλαίοντες ὡς μή κλαίοντες καί οἱ χαίροντες ὠς μή χαίροντες καί οἱ χρώμενοι τῷ κόσμῳ ὡς μή καταχρώμενοι», οὕτω καί οἱ μεριμνῶντες ὡς μή μεριμνῶντες καί (323) οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι ὡς μή ἐργαζόμενοι. Καί πάλιν· «Ὡς νεκροί, καί ἰδοῦ ζῶμεν, ὡς μηδέν ἔχοντες καί πάντα κατέχοντες». Μή οὖν παραδράμῃς ἁπλῶς ταῦτα καί οὕτω πως ἐννοεῖν τήν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐγκεκρυμμένην δύναμιν νόμιζε, ἀλλά κατανόει μοι ἀκριβῶς τήν ἔνδοθεν τῆς ψυχῆς σου διάθεσιν, ἀγαπητε, καί ἀπό τῶν ὁρωμένων πραγμάτων παραστήσομέν σοι τῶν εἰρημένων τήν θεωρίαν· πρόσεχε δέ τοῖς λεγομένοις ἐν ἀκριβείᾳ.

Ὁ ἤδη νεκρός γεγονώς, πρός οὐδέν τῶν ὁρωμένων ἐν αἰσθήσει διάκειται· καί ὁ μηδέν ἔχων, πάντως ἐστέρηται, πάντων χρῄζει, πάντων ἐπιθυμεῖ· ὁ δέ τά πάντα κατέχων, πρός ποῖον ἄλλο πρᾶγμα τοῦ βίου σχοίη τήν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτοῦ, συμπεριλαβών δηλονότι τά πάντα καί μή καταλείψας μηδέν ὅ καί ἐπιθυμῆσαι ὀφείλει τοῦ κτήσασθαι; Ἀλλά μακάριος ὁ ἔργῳ ταῦτα ζητήσας, ὁ πείρᾳ καταλαβών καί ἰδών καί μαθών. Οὐ γάρ λόγοι κενοί οἱ λόγοι ἡμῶν εἰσιν, ἀλλά καθάπερ οἰκίαι καί πόλεις καί βασίλεια ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς καί ταῖς χώραις κατά τόπους εἰσίν, οὕτω καί ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὁδῷ τῇ πρός οὐρανόν ἀπαγούσῃ αἱ ἐντολαί τοῦ Θεοῦ καί αἱ ἀρεταί κατά σταδίους καί τόπους ὑπάρχουσιν. Ἡμεῖς οὖν τά περί ἐκείνων λέγομεν, καθ᾿ ὅσον ὁ λόγος χωρεῖ σαφηνίσαι τάς ὁρωμένας ἐκείνας κτίσεις καί τά μεγέθη καί κάλλη αὐτῶν. Ὁ δέ γε ἀναγινώσκων, πῶς ἀπό μόνων τῶν λόγων θεωρός αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων γενήσεται; Οὐδαμῶς, εἴποι ἄν. Εἰ δέ θεωρός γενέσθαι οὐ δύναται, κύριος τούτων ἑνός πῶς γένηται; Ἔστι μέν γάρ ἰδεῖν αὐτά ἤ ἐξ αὐτῶν τινα μερικῶς, μή κτήσασθαι δέ. Τό μέν γάρ ἰδεῖν, ἤ καί ἀκοῦσαι καί ἑτέροις πάλιν τά ἀκουσθέντα εἰπεῖν, ῥᾴδιον τοῖς πᾶσιν ὑπάρχει καί εὔκολον, τό δέ κτήσασθαί τι τῶν τοιούτων τιμήματος ἀγοράζεται. Τό δέ εἰς ἀγοράν τῶν τοιούτων διδόμενον οὐ χρυσίον ἐστίν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ ἀργύριον, αἷμα δέ· αἵματι γάρ ταῦτα ἕκαστος (324) ἡμῶν τῶν βουλομένων ἕνα καθ᾿ ἕνα ἐξαγοράζεται. Ἐν ἀληθείᾳ γάρ, εἰ μή τις ὡς πρόβατον σφαγιασθῇ ὑπέρ μιᾶς καί τῆς τυχούσης ἀρετῆς καί τό αἷμα ἐκχέῃ τό ἴδιον ὑπέρ αὐτῆς, οὐ κτήσεται ταύτην ποτέ· διά θανάτου γάρ τοῦ κατά πρόθεσιν ᾠκονόμησεν ὁ Θεός τήν ζωήν λαμβάνειν ἡμᾶς τήν αἰώνιον. Θάνε καί ζήσῃ. Οὐ βούλει; Καί ἰδού σύ νεκρός.

Ἀλλ᾿ ἴδωμεν τάς μονάς καί οἰκίας τῶν ἀρετῶν ποῖαί εἰσι καί τίνες, ὑπέρ ὧν ὀφείλει τις κενοῦν τό αἷμα αὐτοῦ εἰς τήν κτῆσιν αὐτῶν. Ἔστιν οὖν οἰκία πρώτη ἡ μακαρία ταπείνωσις· «Μακάριοι γάρ, φησίν, οἱ πτωχοί τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν». Ὁ τοίνυν βουλόμενος εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τήν οἰκίαν ταύτην καί σύν αὐτῇ κτήσασθαι τήν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, εἰ μή πρό τῶν πυλῶν αὐτῆς, ὥσπερ κριός, δεδεμένος χεῖρας καί πόδας αὐτοῦ, εἰς σφαγήν ἑαυτόν πᾶσι τοῖς βουλομένοις πρῶτον ἐκδῷ καί κατατυθήσεται καί τελείως τεθνήξεται, τό οἰκεῖον αὐτοῦ ἀποκτείνας θέλημα, οὐκ εἰσελεύσεταί ποτε ἔνδοθεν αὐτῆς, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ κατάσχῃ αὐτήν· εἰ δέ μή ταύτην, οὐδ᾿ ἑτέραν τῶν ἄλλων. Οὐκ ἔστι γάρ τόν ὑπερβαίνοντα ταύτην ἐν ἑτέρᾳ γενέσθαι ποτέ· ἐν τάξει γάρ καί βαθμῷ ταύτας ἔθετο ὁ Θεός. Καί ὥσπερ νήσους τινάς ἐν πελάγει θαλάσσης, οὕτως ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ βίου καί ταύτας εἶναι τάς ἀρετάς ἐν συνέσει νοήσεις ἀλλήλων ἀφεστηκυίας καί γεφύραις τισίν οἷα δή συνημμένας, πάντων ἀπῳκισμέναις τῶν γηΐνων καί ἐξηρτημέναις καί ἑτέρας τῇ ἑτέρᾳ ἀσφαλῶς ἐχομέναις. Τούτων οὖν ἁπάντων ἀρχή ἡ μακαρία ταπείνωσις, ἐν ᾗ ὁ εἰσελθών διά τῆς μετανοίας ἀπό τῆς δυτικῆς πύλης καί ἐνδιατρίψας ἐφ᾿ ἱκανόν ἐν αὐτῇ, ἔξεισιν ἐπί τήν ἀνατολικήν θύραν καί, ἐπί τῇ γεφύρᾳ περιπατῶν, οὕτως ἔρχεται πρός τήν τοῦ πένθους καταμονήν καί οἰκίαν· (325) κἀκεῖ ἐνδιατρίψας, λουσάμενός τε και καθαρθείς καί ἐντρυφήσας τοῦ κάλλους αὐτοῦ, ἐπί τό τῆς πρᾳότητος διέρχεται καταγώγιον· κἀκεῖθεν ἐπί τό τῆς δικαιοσύνης διψητήριόν τε καί πεινατήριον διαβαίνει δρομαῖος, εἶθ᾿ οὕτω καταλαμβάνει ἐπί τό τοῦ ἐλέους καί