Letter CXXXIX.720    Placed in 373.

To the Alexandrians.721    On the cruel persecution roused by Valens in Alexandria shortly after the death of Athanasius in 373, and the horrors perpetrated there, see the letter of Peter, Athanasius’ successor, in Theod. iv. 19.

1.  I have already heard of the persecution in Alexandria and the rest of Egypt, and, as might be expected, I am deeply affected.  I have observed the ingenuity of the devil’s mode of warfare.  When he saw that the Church increased under the persecution of enemies and flourished all the more, he changed his plan.  He no longer carries on an open warfare, but lays secret snares against us, hiding his hostility under the name which they bear, in order that we may both suffer like our fathers, and, at the same time, seem not to suffer for Christ’s sake, because our persecutors too bear the name of Christians.  With these thoughts for a long time we sat still, dazed at the news of what had happened, for, in sober earnest, both our ears tingled on hearing of the shameless and inhuman heresy of your persecutors.  They have reverenced neither age, nor services to society,722    ἐν τῆ πολιτεὶ& 139· καμάτους; or, possibly, labours in life, i.e. ascetic life.  The Ben. ed. prefer the latter. nor people’s affection.  They inflicted torture, ignominy, and exile; they plundered all the property they could find; they were careless alike of human condemnation and of the awful retribution to come at the hands of the righteous Judge.  All this has amazed me and all but driven me out of my senses.  To my reflections has been added this thought too; can the Lord have wholly abandoned His Churches?  Has the last hour come, and is “the falling away” thus coming upon us, that now the lawless one “may be revealed, the son of perdition who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God and is worshipped”?723    2 Thess. ii. 4.  But if the temptation is for a season, bear it, ye noble athletes of Christ.  If the world is being delivered to complete, and final destruction, let us not lose heart for the present, but let us await the revelation from heaven, and the manifestation of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ.  If all creation is to be dissolved, and the fashion of this world transformed, why should we be surprised that we, who are apart of creation, should feel the general woe, and be delivered to afflictions which our just God inflicts on us according to the measure of our strength, not letting us “be tempted above that we are able, but with the temptation giving us a way to escape that we may be able to bear it”?724    1 Cor. x. 13.  Brothers, martyrs’ crowns await you.  The companies of the confessors are ready to reach out their hands to you and to welcome you into their own ranks.  Remember how none of the saints of old won their crowns of patient endurance by living luxuriously and being courted; but all were tested by being put through the fire of great afflictions.  “For some had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, and others were sawn asunder and were slain with the sword.”725    cf. Heb. xi. 36, 37.  These are the glories of saints.  Blessed is he who is deemed worthy to suffer for Christ; more blessed is he whose sufferings are greater, since “the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that shall be revealed in us.”726    Rom. viii. 18.

2.  Had it but been possible for me to travel to you I should have liked nothing better than to meet you, that I might see and embrace Christ’s athletes, and share your prayers and spiritual graces.  But now my body is wasted by long sickness, so that I can scarcely even leave my bed, and there are many who are lying in wait for me, like ravening wolves, watching the moment when they may be able to rend Christ’s sheep.  I have therefore been compelled to visit you by letter; and I exhort you first of all most earnestly to pray for me, that for the rest of my remaining days or hours I may be enabled to serve the Lord, in accordance with the gospel of His kingdom.  Next I beg you to pardon me for my absence and for my delay in writing to you.  I have only with great difficulty found a man able to carry out my wishes.  I speak of my son, the monk Eugenius, by whom I beseech you to pray for me and for the whole Church, and to write back news of you so that, when I hear, I may be more cheerful.

ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΥΣΙΝ

[1] Ἡμᾶς μὲν ἡ ἀκοὴ τῶν γεγενημένων κατὰ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν καὶ τὴν λοιπὴν Αἴγυπτον διωγμῶν πάλαι κατέλαβε καὶ διέθηκε τὰς ψυχάς, ὡς εἰκὸς ἦν. Ἐλογισάμεθα γὰρ τὸ ἔντεχνον τοῦ διαβολικοῦ πολέμου, πῶς, ἐπειδὴ εἶδεν ἐν τοῖς παρὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν διωγμοῖς πληθυνομένην τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν καὶ μᾶλλον θάλλουσαν, μετέστρεψεν ἑαυτοῦ τὴν βουλὴν καὶ οὐκέτι ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς πολεμεῖ, ἀλλὰ κεκρυμμένα ἡμῖν τὰ ἔνεδρα τίθησι καλύπτων αὐτῶν τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος ὃ περιφέρουσιν, ἵνα καὶ πάθωμεν τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν καὶ μὴ δόξωμεν πάσχειν ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ, διὰ τὸ χριστιανῶν ὄνομα ἔχειν καὶ τοὺς διώκοντας. Ταῦτα λογιζόμενοι πολὺν χρόνον ἐκαθέσθημεν, ἐπὶ τῇ ἀγγελίᾳ τῶν γενομένων ἐκπεπληγμένοι. Καὶ γὰρ τῷ ὄντι ἤχησαν ἡμῶν ἀμφότερα τὰ ὦτα, μαθόντων τὴν ἀναιδῆ καὶ μισάνθρωπον αἵρεσιν τῶν διωξάντων ὑμᾶς, ὅτι οὐχ ἡλικίαν ᾐδέσθησαν, οὐ τοὺς ἐν τῇ πολιτείᾳ καμάτους, οὐ λαῶν ἀγάπην, ἀλλὰ καὶ ᾐκίσαντο τὰ σώματα καὶ ἠτίμωσαν καὶ ἐξορίαις παρέδωκαν καὶ διήρπαξαν τὰς ὑπάρξεις ὧν εὑρεῖν ἠδυνήθησαν, οὐδὲ τὴν παρὰ ἀνθρώπων κατάγνωσιν ἐντρεπόμενοι οὐδὲ τὴν φοβερὰν τοῦ δικαίου Κριτοῦ ἀνταπόδοσιν προορώμενοι. Ταῦτα ἡμᾶς ἐξέπληξε καὶ μικροῦ ἔξω ἐποίησε τῶν λογισμῶν. Συνεισῆλθε δὲ τούτοις τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς κἀκείνη ἡ ἔννοια: ἆρα μὴ ἐγκατέλειπεν ἑαυτοῦ τὰς Ἐκκλησίας παντελῶς ὁ Κύριος; Ἆρα μὴ ἐσχάτη ὥρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ἀποστασία διὰ τούτων λαμβάνει τὴν εἴσοδον, ἵνα λοιπὸν ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνομος, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, ὁ ἀντικείμενος καὶ ὑπεραιρόμενος ἐπὶ πάντα λεγόμενον Θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα;

[2] Πλήν, εἴτε πρόσκαιρός ἐστιν ὁ πειρασμός, βαστάσατε αὐτὸν οἱ καλοὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀγωνισταί: εἴτε καὶ τῇ παντελεῖ φθορᾷ τὰ πράγματα παραδίδοται, μὴ ἀκηδιάσωμεν πρὸς τὰ παρόντα, ἀλλ' ἀναμείνωμεν τὴν ἐξ οὐρανῶν ἀποκάλυψιν καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις λυθήσεται καὶ μεταποιηθήσεται τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, τί θαυμαστὸν καὶ ἡμᾶς, μέρος ὄντας τῆς κτίσεως, παθεῖν τὰ κοινὰ πάθη καὶ παραδοθῆναι θλίψεσιν ἃς κατὰ τὸ μέτρον τῆς δυνάμεως ἡμῶν ἐπάγει ἡμῖν ὁ δίκαιος Κριτὴς οὐκ ἐῶν ἡμᾶς πειρασθῆναι ὑπὲρ ὃ δυνάμεθα, ἀλλὰ διδοὺς σὺν τῷ πειρασμῷ καὶ τὴν ἔκβασιν, τοῦ δυνηθῆναι ὑπενεγκεῖν; Ἀναμένουσιν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, οἱ τῶν μαρτύρων στέφανοι: ἕτοιμοί εἰσιν οἱ χοροὶ τῶν ὁμολογητῶν προτεῖναι ὑμῖν τὰς χεῖρας καὶ ὑποδέξασθαι ὑμᾶς εἰς τὸν ἴδιον ἀριθμόν. Μνήσθητε τῶν πάλαι ἁγίων. ὅτι οὐδεὶς τρυφῶν οὐδὲ κολακευόμενος τῶν στεφάνων τῆς ὑπομονῆς ἠξιώθη, ἀλλὰ πάντες διὰ μεγάλων θλίψεων πυρωθέντες τὸ δοκίμιον ἐπεδείξαντο. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἄλλοι δὲ ἐπρίσθησαν, οἱ δὲ ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας ἀπέθανον. Ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ σεμνολογήματα τῶν ἁγίων. Μακάριος ὁ καταξιωθεὶς τῶν ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ παθημάτων. Μακαριώτερος δὲ ὁ πλεονάσας ἐν τοῖς παθήμασι, διότι οὐκ ἄξια τὰ παθήματα τοῦ νῦν καιροῦ πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσαν δόξαν ἀποκαλύπτεσθαι εἰς ἡμᾶς.

[3] Εἰ μὲν οὖν ἦν δυνατὸν αὐτῷ μοι παραγενέσθαι, οὐδὲν ἂν προετίμησα τῆς συντυχίας ὑμῶν, ὥστε καὶ ἰδεῖν τοὺς ἀθλητὰς τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ περιπτύξασθαι καὶ κοινωνῆσαι τῶν προσευχῶν καὶ τῶν πνευματικῶν ἐν ὑμῖν χαρισμάτων. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὸ σῶμά μοι λοιπὸν ὑπὸ χρονίας νόσου κατανάλωται, ὡς μηδὲ ἀπὸ τῆς κλίνης δύνασθαι μεταβαίνειν, καὶ οἱ ἐφεδρεύοντες ἡμῖν πολλοί, ὡς λύκοι ἅρπαγες, ἐπιτηροῦντες καιρὸν πότε δυνηθῶσι διαρπάσαι τὰ πρόβατα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἀναγκαίως ἐπὶ τὴν διὰ τοῦ γράμματος ἐπίσκεψιν ἦλθον παρακαλῶν προηγουμένως μὲν ἐκτενεῖς τὰς ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ποιεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς δεήσεις, ἵνα καταξιωθῶ τὰς γοῦν λειπομένας ἡμέρας ἢ ὥρας δουλεῦσαι τῷ Κυρίῳ κατὰ τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον τῆς Βασιλείας, ἔπειτα καὶ συγγνώμην ἔχειν μου τῇ ἀπολείψει καὶ τῇ βραδυτῆτι ταύτῃ τῶν γραμμάτων. Μόλις γὰρ ηὐπορήσαμεν ἀνθρώπου τοῦ δυναμένου ἐξυπηρετήσασθαι ἡμῶν τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ. Λέγομεν δὲ τὸν υἱὸν ἡμῶν Εὐγένιον τὸν μονάζοντα, δι' οὗ παρακαλῶ εὔξασθαι ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας πάσης καὶ ἀντιγράψαι ἡμῖν τὰ περὶ ὑμῶν, ἵνα γνόντες εὐθυμότεροι διατεθῶμεν.