140

they exist as stages and places. We, therefore, speak of these things, insofar as reason allows us to clarify those visible creations and their sizes and beauties. But the one who reads, how will he become a spectator of the things themselves from words alone? In no way, one might say. And if he cannot become a spectator, how can he become master of one of these? For it is possible to see them or some part of them, but not to possess them. For to see, or even to hear and then to tell others what was heard, is easy and simple for everyone, but to possess one of these things is bought for a price. And the price given for the purchase of such things is not gold, nor even silver, but blood; for with blood each one (324) of us who is willing buys them, one by one. For in truth, unless someone is slaughtered like a sheep for the sake of one, even the least, of the virtues and pours out his own blood for it, he will never possess it; for it is through a willing death that God has ordained that we should receive eternal life. Die, and you will live. You do not wish to? And behold, you are dead.

But let us see what sort of dwelling-places and houses of the virtues there are, for which one ought to pour out his blood to acquire them. The first house, then, is blessed humility; "For blessed," he says, "are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." Therefore, whoever wishes to enter into this house and with it to possess the kingdom of heaven, unless before its gates, like a ram, bound hand and foot, he first gives himself over to slaughter to all who wish it and is butchered and completely put to death, having killed his own will, he will never enter inside it, nor will he take possession of it; and if not this one, then not any of the others either. For it is not possible for one who bypasses this one ever to be in another; for God has placed them in an order and rank. And just as some islands in the open sea, so you will intelligently perceive these virtues to be in the midst of life, standing apart from each other and joined by certain bridges, as it were, settled far from all earthly things and suspended and securely holding on one to another. The beginning of all these, therefore, is blessed humility, in which one who has entered through repentance from the western gate and has spent sufficient time in it, will go out to the eastern door and, walking on the bridge, thus comes to the dwelling and house of mourning; (325) and having tarried there, and having been washed and purified and having delighted in its beauty, he passes through to the lodging of meekness; and from there he runs across to the place of thirsting and hungering for righteousness, and then he arrives at the palace of mercy and compassion; and having passed beyond this, or rather having come to be inside it, he finds the royal treasury of purity; and having come into it he sees the King of glory seated within, He who is invisible to all creation.

Understand me then: the palace is the body, and the royal treasury is the soul of each one of us humans, to which God, being joined through the working of the commandments, makes it entirely of divine light and a god through His own presence and grace. To this god-befitting state comes everyone who passes along the said path of the virtues, but to pass through from elsewhere and to bypass this or that house and to get into another by some contrivance is utterly impossible. For thus the Lord Christ has ordered the entrance to the kingdom of heaven to be, and it cannot be otherwise. For if the sea cannot overstep its own bounds, how much more will these things be kept inviolate and unalterable. In another way, the ascent of those who hasten toward heaven is like a ladder and its rungs. At any rate, to be more zealous in purpose than another and to ascend it more quickly and to get ahead of one's neighbor, is up to us; but not to begin from the first rung and to ascend the ladder in order, but to bypass the first rung from somewhere

140

σταδίους καί τόπους ὑπάρχουσιν. Ἡμεῖς οὖν τά περί ἐκείνων λέγομεν, καθ᾿ ὅσον ὁ λόγος χωρεῖ σαφηνίσαι τάς ὁρωμένας ἐκείνας κτίσεις καί τά μεγέθη καί κάλλη αὐτῶν. Ὁ δέ γε ἀναγινώσκων, πῶς ἀπό μόνων τῶν λόγων θεωρός αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων γενήσεται; Οὐδαμῶς, εἴποι ἄν. Εἰ δέ θεωρός γενέσθαι οὐ δύναται, κύριος τούτων ἑνός πῶς γένηται; Ἔστι μέν γάρ ἰδεῖν αὐτά ἤ ἐξ αὐτῶν τινα μερικῶς, μή κτήσασθαι δέ. Τό μέν γάρ ἰδεῖν, ἤ καί ἀκοῦσαι καί ἑτέροις πάλιν τά ἀκουσθέντα εἰπεῖν, ῥᾴδιον τοῖς πᾶσιν ὑπάρχει καί εὔκολον, τό δέ κτήσασθαί τι τῶν τοιούτων τιμήματος ἀγοράζεται. Τό δέ εἰς ἀγοράν τῶν τοιούτων διδόμενον οὐ χρυσίον ἐστίν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ ἀργύριον, αἷμα δέ· αἵματι γάρ ταῦτα ἕκαστος (324) ἡμῶν τῶν βουλομένων ἕνα καθ᾿ ἕνα ἐξαγοράζεται. Ἐν ἀληθείᾳ γάρ, εἰ μή τις ὡς πρόβατον σφαγιασθῇ ὑπέρ μιᾶς καί τῆς τυχούσης ἀρετῆς καί τό αἷμα ἐκχέῃ τό ἴδιον ὑπέρ αὐτῆς, οὐ κτήσεται ταύτην ποτέ· διά θανάτου γάρ τοῦ κατά πρόθεσιν ᾠκονόμησεν ὁ Θεός τήν ζωήν λαμβάνειν ἡμᾶς τήν αἰώνιον. Θάνε καί ζήσῃ. Οὐ βούλει; Καί ἰδού σύ νεκρός.

Ἀλλ᾿ ἴδωμεν τάς μονάς καί οἰκίας τῶν ἀρετῶν ποῖαί εἰσι καί τίνες, ὑπέρ ὧν ὀφείλει τις κενοῦν τό αἷμα αὐτοῦ εἰς τήν κτῆσιν αὐτῶν. Ἔστιν οὖν οἰκία πρώτη ἡ μακαρία ταπείνωσις· «Μακάριοι γάρ, φησίν, οἱ πτωχοί τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν». Ὁ τοίνυν βουλόμενος εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τήν οἰκίαν ταύτην καί σύν αὐτῇ κτήσασθαι τήν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, εἰ μή πρό τῶν πυλῶν αὐτῆς, ὥσπερ κριός, δεδεμένος χεῖρας καί πόδας αὐτοῦ, εἰς σφαγήν ἑαυτόν πᾶσι τοῖς βουλομένοις πρῶτον ἐκδῷ καί κατατυθήσεται καί τελείως τεθνήξεται, τό οἰκεῖον αὐτοῦ ἀποκτείνας θέλημα, οὐκ εἰσελεύσεταί ποτε ἔνδοθεν αὐτῆς, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ κατάσχῃ αὐτήν· εἰ δέ μή ταύτην, οὐδ᾿ ἑτέραν τῶν ἄλλων. Οὐκ ἔστι γάρ τόν ὑπερβαίνοντα ταύτην ἐν ἑτέρᾳ γενέσθαι ποτέ· ἐν τάξει γάρ καί βαθμῷ ταύτας ἔθετο ὁ Θεός. Καί ὥσπερ νήσους τινάς ἐν πελάγει θαλάσσης, οὕτως ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ βίου καί ταύτας εἶναι τάς ἀρετάς ἐν συνέσει νοήσεις ἀλλήλων ἀφεστηκυίας καί γεφύραις τισίν οἷα δή συνημμένας, πάντων ἀπῳκισμέναις τῶν γηΐνων καί ἐξηρτημέναις καί ἑτέρας τῇ ἑτέρᾳ ἀσφαλῶς ἐχομέναις. Τούτων οὖν ἁπάντων ἀρχή ἡ μακαρία ταπείνωσις, ἐν ᾗ ὁ εἰσελθών διά τῆς μετανοίας ἀπό τῆς δυτικῆς πύλης καί ἐνδιατρίψας ἐφ᾿ ἱκανόν ἐν αὐτῇ, ἔξεισιν ἐπί τήν ἀνατολικήν θύραν καί, ἐπί τῇ γεφύρᾳ περιπατῶν, οὕτως ἔρχεται πρός τήν τοῦ πένθους καταμονήν καί οἰκίαν· (325) κἀκεῖ ἐνδιατρίψας, λουσάμενός τε και καθαρθείς καί ἐντρυφήσας τοῦ κάλλους αὐτοῦ, ἐπί τό τῆς πρᾳότητος διέρχεται καταγώγιον· κἀκεῖθεν ἐπί τό τῆς δικαιοσύνης διψητήριόν τε καί πεινατήριον διαβαίνει δρομαῖος, εἶθ᾿ οὕτω καταλαμβάνει ἐπί τό τοῦ ἐλέους καί συμπαθείας παλάτιον· καί ὑπερβάς τοῦτο, μᾶλλον δέ γεγονώς ἐντός τούτου, εὑρίσκει τό βασιλικόν τῆς καθαρότητος ταμιεῖον· καί ἐν αὐτῷ γενόμενος βλέπει τόν βασιλέα τῆς δόξης ἔνδον καθήμενον, ἐκεῖνον τόν ἀόρατον πάσῃ τῇ κτίσει.

Νόει μοι οὖν παλάτιον μέν τό σῶμα, ταμιεῖον δέ βασιλικόν τήν ἑκάστου ἡμῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχήν, ᾗ διά τῆς τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐργασίας συναφθείς ὁ Θεός, ὅλην φωτός θείου καί θεόν αὐτήν ἀπεργάζεται διά τῆς αὐτοῦ συνουσίας καί χάριτος.Εἰς ταύτην δή τήν θεοπρετῆ κατάστασιν πᾶς ὁ διά τῆς εἰρημένης τῶν ἀρετῶν ὁδοῦ διερχόμενος, ἔρχεται, ἄλλοθεν δέ διελθεῖν καί ὑπερβῆναι τήνδε ἤ τήνδε τήν οἰκίαν καί εἰς τήν ἑτέραν διά μηχανῆς γενέσθαι τινός παντελῶς ἀμήχανον. Οὕτως γάρ ἔταξε τήν εἴσοδον εἶναι τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν ὁ δεσπότης Χριστός καί οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλως γενέσθαι. Εἰ γάρ ὅρια ἑαυτῆς θάλασσα ὑπερβῆναι οὐ δύναται, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἄτρωτα ταῦτα καί ἀπαράλλακτα διαφυλαχθήσονται. Ἄλλως δέ κλίμακι καί βαθμῖσιν ἡ ἄνοδος ἔοικε τῶν ἐπειγομένων πρός οὐρανόν. Τό γοῦν σπουδαιότερον τῇ προαιρέσει ἄλλον ἄλλου γενέσθαι καί συντομώτερον ἀνελθεῖν ἐν αὐτῇ καί προλαβεῖν τόν πλησίον, ἡμέτερόν ἐστι· τό δέ μή ἀπό τῆς πρώτης βαθμῖδος ἄρξασθαι καί κατά τάξιν ἀνέρχεσθαι τήν κλίμακα, ἀλλά ποθεν ὑπερβῆναι τήν πρώτην βαθμῖδα