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of terrible things, that creature, then, wishing to flee the hunters, vomits out the black substance and throws the sea into confusion, and thus employs an easy escape. And that man, wishing to throw matters into confusion, so as to be aided in his flight by the confusion, prepares a race of Tochars to come forth, who, upon appearing, overran that entire land, as though summoned for gain. Now, the things which those men at that time did to the people require a special leisure for the telling of the horrors, to be known not by letters but by tears; except that, as one might safely say, these things were no less than the previous massacres under Constantine. And he himself, assisted by the confusion at that time, deserts with his wife to his father-in-law. What kind of reception he was fortunate enough to get from there, it is perhaps superfluous to say, but nevertheless it provided material for the battle to be kindled. And for a time Doukas, content with his own affairs, remained quiet, waiting, and at times also arranging his own method against the emperor’s fortifications and drawing away the areas around Ioannina. But it was not at all in him to be still, a man who delighted in battles and wars, from which he always hoped to profit. For the leisure of an active man accomplishes the greatest things, even more than the business of an idle one; for just as it is characteristic of an idle and listless soul to be at leisure in vain things, so it is of a fervent and zealous one to go head-on into affairs. So it was with him at that time, using the incidental events as material for his experience and strategy, not fighting when it seemed best to his opponents, but rather, by being active, stirring up even the helpless one. 421

31. The expedition of the Despot John with thousands of troops against John and the manly deeds of John. For this reason, then, the emperor, suffering terribly over these things, prepares more forces, a multitude of about forty thousand including the navy, as is said, and, entrusting them to the Despot, sends him with speed against John. He also sends with him many other captains from the magnates, one of whom was the man he had as domestic of the table; this was Alexios Kaballarios, a noble and manly man, who also later enjoyed the war, having been shot with an arrow in the battle by someone; and to that man he gave glory, and to himself he provided the occasion to fall gloriously, a fall than which it is most beautiful for the young to fall. So when the Despot, having received the forces, marched to the west, confident in his preparations, as if to move the very ground, the emperor also arms a people by sea and, having equipped a sufficient fleet from both the city and whatever regions and dockyards, so that there were in all seventy-three long and fast-sailing ships, he handed these over to the protostrator Philanthropenos, and sends him out as well, ordering him to attack the Latin lands, if he should yield anywhere; for he thought that the land war would prosper more in this way, if the Latins, having fear for themselves among themselves, would refrain from helping John. And indeed, as soon as the Despot arrived at the place of Neopatras, astonishment and confusion seized everyone, so that from there the regions went over to him, and the fortresses fought their conscience, as it were, resisting for a short time, just enough to fulfill their pledge to John, then to betray it, not bearing the assault; for where could anyone have hoped to be saved by any other way or contrivance? John, however, having only those around him, being greatly inferior in number, attempted to save himself by his wits; whence, now proceeding here, now there, as was possible, he secured his own positions; for to go into battle seemed one of the impossible things. But the Despot’s men, tracking him, as it were, 423 ran over more continuously, preoccupying places where they thought he would be saved; whence by withdrawing he led them on, and by showing cowardice he made them bolder to attack; for they were superior in number and were negligent in their pursuit. But when he had his fill of fleeing and began to suspect the outside territories, since everything had already been captured, he decided to himself in a fortress

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δεινῶν, ἐκείνη τοίνυν, θέλουσα φεύγειν τοὺς θηρατάς, ἐξεμεῖ τὸ μέλαν καὶ τὸν πόντον συγχέει καὶ οὕτως ῥᾳδίᾳ τῇ φυγαδείᾳ χρῆται. Κἀκεῖνος, συγχεῖν θέλων τὰ πράγματα, ὡς βοηθησόμενος πρὸς τὴν φυγὴν τῇ συγχύσει, Τοχάρων ἐξελθεῖν γένος παρασκευάζει, οἳ καὶ φανέντες τὴν γῆν πᾶσαν ἐκείνην ἐπέθεον, ὡς ἐπὶ κέρδει συγκληθέντες. Ἃ τοίνυν ἐκεῖνοι τὸ τηνικάδε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἔδρασαν, ἰδίαν ἀπαιτεῖ σχολὴν πρὸς τὴν τῶν δεινῶν ἐξαγγελίαν, οὐ γράμμασιν, ἀλλὰ δάκρυσι γνωριούμενα· πλὴν ὡς ἂν ἀσφαλῶς εἴποι τις, οὐχ ἥττω ταῦτα τῶν μετὰ τοῦ Κωνσταντίνου προτέρων σφαγῶν. Αὐτὸς δὲ τῇ τότε συγχύσει προσβοηθούμενος, ἅμα γυναικὶ αὐτομολεῖ πρὸς τὸν πενθερόν. Ὁποίας γοῦν τῆς ἀναδοχῆς ἐκεῖθεν εὐμοίρησε, περιττὸν ἴσως καὶ λέγειν, ὅμως δὲ ὕλην ἐδίδου τὴν μάχην ἀνάπτεσθαι. Καὶ τέως ὁ ∆ούκας, τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀρκούμενος, ἡσύχαζεν ἀναμένων, ἔστι δ' οὗ καὶ τὸν ἴδιον τρόπον κατασκευάζων ἐπὶ τὰ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπιτειχίσματα καὶ τὰ περὶ τὰ Ἰωάννινα παρασπῶν. Ἠρεμεῖν δ' οὐκ ἦν ὅλως ἐκείνῳ, ἀνδρὶ μάχαις χαίροντι καὶ πολέμοις, ἐξ ὧν κερδαίνειν ἀεί ποτ' ἤλπιζεν. Ἡ γὰρ τοῦ ἐνεργοῦ σχολὴ καὶ ὑπὲρ τὴν τοῦ ἀργοῦ ἀσχολίαν τὰ μέγιστα κατεργάζεται· ὡς γὰρ ἀργῆς ψυχῆς καὶ κατερρᾳθυμημένης τὸ ἐνευκαιρεῖν ἐν κενοῖς, οὕτω θερμῆς καὶ σπουδαίας τὸ χωρεῖν ὁμόσε τοῖς πράγμασιν. Οὕτως ἦν ἐκεῖνος τῷ τότε, τῆς αὐτοῦ πείρας καὶ στρατηγίας ὕλῃ τοῖς παρεμπίπτουσι χρώμενος, οὐ πολεμῶν ὅτε δόξοι τοῖς ἐναντίοις, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον τῷ ἐνεργεῖν διεγείρων καὶ τὸν ἀπάλαμνον. 421

λαʹ. Ἐκστρατεία τοῦ δεσπότου Ἰωάννου συνάμα χιλιάσι στρατοῦ πρὸς τὸν Ἰωάννην καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀνδραγαθίας τοῦ Ἰωάννου. Ταῦτ' ἄρα καὶ βασιλεύς, δεινοπαθῶν ἐπὶ τούτοις, δυνάμεις παρασκευάζεται πλείους, πλῆθος ὡσεὶ τεσσαράκοντα σὺν τῷ ναυτικῷ χιλιάδων, ὡς λέγεται, καί, παραδοὺς τῷ δεσπότῃ, πέμπει διὰ ταχέων ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην. Συνεκπέμπει δ' ἐκείνῳ καὶ ἄλλους πλείους τῶν λοχαγῶν καὶ ἐκ μεγιστάνων, ὧν εἷς ἦν καὶ ὃν εἶχε δομέστικον τῆς τραπέζης· ὁ δ' ἦν ὁ Καβαλλάριος Ἀλέξιος, ἀνὴρ γεννάδας καὶ ἀνδρικός, ὃς καὶ παραπήλαυσεν ὕστερον τοῦ πολέμου, τοξευ θεὶς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ παρά του· κἀκείνῳ μὲν κλέος, ἑαυτῷ δὲ τὸ πεσεῖν εὐκλεῶς παρέσχεν, οὗ κάλλιστον τοῖς νέοις πίπτειν πεσών. Ὡς γοῦν τὰς δυνάμεις παραλαβὼν ὁ δεσπότης πρὸς δύσιν ἤλαυνεν, θαρρῶν ταῖς παρα σκευαῖς, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸ κινήσων τὸ ἔδαφος, ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ λαὸν διὰ θαλάσσης ὁπλίζει καί, στόλον ἐξαρτυσάμενος ἱκανὸν ἔκ τε πόλεως καὶ τῶν ὁπουδήποτε χωρῶν τε καὶ νεωρίων, ὡς εἶναι τὰς πάσας ναῦς μακράς τε ἅμα καὶ ταχυναυτούσας τρεῖς πρὸς τοῖς ἑβδομήκοντα, παραδοὺς ταύτας τῷ πρωτο στράτορι Φιλανθρωπηνῷ, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκπέμπει, ταῖς Λατινικαῖς χώραις προστάσσων, εἴ ποι παρείκοι, προσβάλλειν· οὕτω γὰρ μᾶλλον εὐοδεῖν τὸν κατὰ γῆν πόλεμον ᾤετο, εἰ ἔχοντες καθ' αὑτοὺς οἱ Λατῖνοι τὸν περὶ σφίσι φόβον τῆς πρὸς τὸν Ἰωάννην βοηθείας ἀπόσχοιντο. Καὶ δὴ τὴν ταχίστην τῷ τόπῳ τῶν Νέων Πατρῶν ἐπιστάντος τοῦ δεσπότου, ἔκπληξις κατεῖχε πάντας καὶ ταραχή, ὡς προσχωρεῖν μὲν ἐντεῦθεν ἐκείνῳ τὰς χώρας, γνωσιμαχεῖν δὲ τὰ φρούρια, ὡς μικρὸν ἀντισχόντα, ὅσον ἀφοσιώσασθαι τὴν πίστιν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ, προδοῦναι, μὴ ἐνεγκόντα τὴν ἔφοδον· ποῦ γὰρ ἄν τις καὶ ἤλπισεν ἐξ ἄλλου τινὸς τρόπου καὶ μηχανῆς σῴζεσθαι; Ὁ μέντοι γε Ἰωάννης, τοὺς περὶ αὑτὸν καὶ μόνους ἔχων, τῷ πλήθει κατὰ πολὺ λειπόμενος, ταῖς ἐπινοίαις ἐπεχείρει σῴζεσθαι· ὅθεν καί, νῦν μὲν ἔνθα, νῦν δ' ἐκεῖσε προ βαίνων, ὡς οἷόν τε ἦν, κατησφαλίζετο τὰ αὑτοῦ· τὸ γὰρ χωρεῖν εἰς μάχην ἕν τι τῶν ἀδυνάτων ἐδόκει. Ἀλλ' οἱ τοῦ δεσπότου, ἰχνηλατοῦντες οἷον 423 ἐκεῖνον, ἐπέτρεχον συνεχέστερον, προκαταλαμβάνοντες τόπους οἷς αὐτὸν ᾤοντο σῴζεσθαι· ὅθεν καὶ τῷ ἀποχωρεῖν μὲν προσῆγεν ἐκείνους, τῷ δέ γε δειλίαν ἐμφαίνειν θαρραλεωτέρους ἐποίει προσβάλλειν· τῷ γὰρ πλήθει περιῆσαν καὶ κατημέλουν διώκοντες. Ὡς δὲ κόρον ἐκεῖνος ἐλάμβανε τῆς ἀποφυγῆς καὶ τὰ ἔξω προσυπώπτευεν, ἤδη τῶν ἁπάντων καταληφθέντων, ἔγνω φρουρίῳ ἑαυτὸν