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he waged an incorporeal war against the other saints, as many as have said the intellect is in the heart, and immediately numbered them with the heretics as being opposed to the truth. But we have clearly shown that they are in agreement with each other even in this, and we ourselves with them, both in the Hagioritic Tome against those who think such things and in the second discourse On Prayer. But again, hear how he arrayed him of Nyssa himself with the heretics: for having said concerning the protomartyr Stephen that "he sees the divine not while remaining in human nature and power, but having been mingled with the grace of the Holy Spirit, because it has been witnessed by Scripture that like things are seen by like; for if the glory of the Father and the Son became comprehensible to human nature, false is he who declared the sight to be incomprehensible; but surely it is necessary that he not be false and the history to be true"; him having clearly said these things in the encomium to the divine Stephen, in many ways he judges the saint to be with the heretics on account of both the grace and the mingling (for he does not securely perceive the power of what is said), and most of all he ostracizes from the choir of the orthodox the one who said these things, having called him a Massalian and a Blachernite for slander on account of the vision, setting in opposition to him those who say that God is invisible.

(p. 702) "But what," he says, "that the man, having become more than a man, sees God? For he would become an angel, but the best of our theologians falls short of the least of the angels. And if we should grant that he becomes an angel," he says, "yet not even angels see the essence of God." To whom one might justly say, "O doctrine of evil angels! For having been initiated from there you have become an accuser of the saints." But not even when the king wishes to deem the soldier worthy of face-to-face conversation, would he be a general immediately because of this, nor because he stands nearer then has he put on for this reason the uniform of the general. "But it is not possible," he says, "for God to meet with man except through an angel; for we are hierarchically ordered through angels." What are you doing, man? Do you impose necessities on the one who is master even of necessities, who also looses them whenever he wishes, and sometimes even completely rearranges them? Tell me now: who of the angels was it who said to Moses, "I am he who is, the God of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob," if not the Son of God, as even Basil the Great says? And what is that which is written in the Exodus of Israel that "the Lord spoke to Moses face to face, as a man would speak to his own friend"? And the one speaking to Abraham, when "he swore by himself," if he was an angel, how does the apostle say that "he could swear by no one greater"? But if God himself was pleased in the shadow of the law to speak to the fathers, how, when the truth has been revealed and the law of grace has been made plain, according to which not an angel, not a man, but the Lord himself saved us and the very Spirit of God taught us all the truth, will God not appear by himself to the saints? Or did he not disdain to become man for our sake and endure the cross and death for us, and this while we were still ungodly (p. 704) according to the apostle, but he will disdain to dwell in and appear and speak immediately to a man, and this one not only pious, but also sanctified and having purified beforehand both body and mind through the keeping of the divine commandments, and having wrought these things into a chariot and straight-running team for the all-powerful Spirit? And this very thing the divine Gregory of Nyssa himself shows, after mentioning that heavenly and supernatural vision of Stephen, "Was," he says, "the accomplishment of human nature? Was it of some angel having raised up the nature that lies below to that height? It is not so; for it is not so written, that Stephen, great in power or having become full of angelic help, saw what he saw, but that Stephen, being full of the Holy Spirit, saw the glory of God and the only-begotten of God. For it is not, as the

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ἀσώματον τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπεστράτευσεν ἁγίοις, ὅσοι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τόν νοῦν εἰρήκασι, καί ὡς ἀντιτεταγμένους τῇ ἀληθείᾳ τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς εὐθύς ἐνηρίθμησεν. Ἡμεῖς δ᾿ αὐτούς συμφώνους ἀλλήλοις κἀν τούτῳ, καί ἡμᾶς αὐτούς αὐτοῖς, ἔν τε τῷ Ἀγιορειτικῷ κατά τῶν φρονούντων τά τοιαῦτα Τόμῳ κἀν τῷ Περί Προσευχῆς δευτέρῳ λόγῳ τρανῶς ἀπεδείξαμεν. Ἀλλ᾿ αὖθις αὐτόν τόν Νύσσης ὅπως τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς συνέταξεν ἄκουσον˙ εἰπόντα γάρ περί τοῦ πρωτομάρτυρος Στεφάνου ὡς «οὐκ ἐν τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει τε καί δυνάμει μένων τό θεῖον βλέπει, ἀλλά πρός τήν τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος χάριν ἀνακραθείς, ὅτι τῷ ὁμοίῳ καθορᾶσθαι τά ὅμοια παρά τῆς Γραφῆς μεμαρτύρηται˙ εἰ γάρ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει ἡ τοῦ Πατρός καί τοῦ Υἰοῦ δόξα χωρητή κατέστη, ψευδής ὁ ἀχώρητον ἀποφηνάμενος εἶναι τό θέαμα˙ ἀλλά μήν οὐδέ ἐκεῖνον ψεύδεσθαι καί τήν ἱστορίαν ἀληθεύειν ἐπάναγκες»˙ ταῦτα τοῦτον ἐν τῷ πρός τόν θεῖον Στέφανον ἐγκωμίῳ σαφῶς εἰπόντα, πολυτρόπως τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς ἐγκρίνει τόν ἅγιον διά τε τήν χάριν καί τήν ἀνάκρασιν (οὐ γάρ ἀσφαλῶς συνορᾷ τῶν λεγομένων τήν δύναμιν), μάλιστα δέ πάντων ἐξοστρακίζει τοῦ χοροῦ τῶν ὀρθοδόξων τόν ταῦτ᾿ εἰπόντα, Μασσαλιανόν καί Βλαχερνίτην ἐπί διαβολῇ προσαγορεύσας διά τήν ὅρασιν, ἀντιτάξας αὐτῷ τούς ἀόρατον εἶναι τόν Θεόν λέγοντας.

(σελ. 702) «Τί δέ», φησίν, «ὅτι ὑπέρ ἄνθρωπον ὁ ἄνθρωπος γεγονώς, ὁρᾷ τόν Θεόν; ἄγγελος γάρ γένοιτ᾿ ἄν, ἀλλ᾿ ὁ κράτιστος τῶν παρ᾿ ἡμῖν θεολόγων ἀποδεῖ τοῦ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐσχάτου˙ εἰ δέ καί ἄγγελον γενέσθαι δοίημεν», φησίν, «ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ ἄγγελοι τήν οὐσίαν ὁρῶσι τοῦ Θεοῦ». Πρός ὅν ἄν τις φαίη δικαίως, "ἀγγέλων πονηρῶν παίδευμα˙ καί γάρ ἐκεῖθεν μυηθείς τῶν ἁγίων κατήγορος γέγονας". Ἀλλ᾿ οὐδ᾿ ὅταν ὁ βασιλεύς ἐθελήσῃ τῆς κατά πρόσωπον ὁμιλίας ἀξιῶσαι τόν στρατιώτην, στρατηγός ἄν εἴη δι᾿ αὐτό πάραυτα, οὐδ᾿ ὅτι ἐγγύτερος τότε παρίσταται, παρά τοῦτο τό τοῦ ἀρχισρατήγου σχῆμα παρήνεγκεν. «Ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἔνι», φησίν, «εἰ μή δι᾿ ἀγγέλου τόν Θεόν ἀνθρώπῳ συντυχεῖν˙ δι᾿ ἀγέλλων γάρ ἱεραρχούμεθα». Τί ποιεῖς, ἄνθρωπε; Ἀνάγκας ἐπιτίθῃς τῷ καί τῶν ἀναγκῶν δεσπότῃ, τῷ καί ταύτας ἡνίκ᾿ ἄν ἐθέλῃ λύοντι, ἐνίοτε δέ καί μετασευάζοντι τελέως; Εἰπέ δή μοι˙ τίς ἦν ἀγγέλων ὁ τῷ Μωϋσῇ εἰπών, «ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν, ὁ Θεός Ἀβραάμ καί Ἰσαάκ καί Ἰακώβ», εἰ μή ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Υἱός, ὡς καί Βασίλειος ὁ μέγας λέγει; Τί δέ ἐστι τό ἐν τῇ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ Ἐξόδῳ γεγραμμένον ὅτι «ἐλάλησε κύριος πρός Μωσῆν ἐνώπιος ἐνωπίῳ, ὡς εἴ τις λαλήσει πρός τόν ἑαυτοῦ φίλον»; Τῷ δέ Ἀβραάμ ὁ ὁμιλῶν, ἡνίκα «ὤμοσε καθ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ», εἴγε ἄγγελος ὑπῆρχε, πῶς ὁ ἀπόστολός φησιν ὡς «οὐκ εἶχε κατ᾿ οὐδενός μείζονος ὀμόσαι»; Εἰ δ᾿ ἐπί τῆς νομικῆς σκιᾶς αὐτός ὁ Θεός εὐδόκησεν ὁμιλῆσαι τοῖς πατράσι, πῶς, τῆς ἀληθείας ἐκφανείσης καί τοῦ τῆς χάριτος νόμου τρανωθέντος, καθ᾿ ὅν οὐκ ἄγγελος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτός ὁ Κύριος ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς καί αὐτό τό Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ πᾶσαν τήν ἀλήθειαν ἐδίδαξεν ἡμᾶς, οὐκ ἐμφανισθήσεται δι᾿ ἑαυτοῦ τοῖς ἁγίοις ὁ Θεός; Ἤ γενέσθαι μέν ἄνθρωπος δι᾿ ἡμᾶς οὐκ ἀπηξίωσε καί σταυρόν ὑπέστη καί θάνατον ὑπέρ ἡμῶν, καί ταῦτα ἀσεβῶν (σελ. 704) ὄντων ἔτι κατά τόν ἀπόστολον, ἀνθρώπῳ δέ ἀμέσως ἀπαξιώσει καί ἐνοικῆσαι καί ἐμφανισθῆναι καί ὁμιλῆσαι, καί τοῦτ᾿ οὐκ εὐσεβεῖ μόνον, ἀλλά καί ἡγιασμένῳ καί διά τῆς τῶν θείων ἐντολῶν τηρήσεως προκαθηραμένῳ σῶμά τε καί νοῦν, καί τοῦ πάντα δυναμένου Πνεύματος ὄχημα καί ζεῦγος εὐθυές ταῦτ᾿ ἐξειργασμένῳ; Τοῦτο δή καί αὐτός ὁ Νύσσης θεῖος Γρηγόριος ἀποδεικνύς, μετά τό μνησθῆναι τῆς οὐρανίου καί ὑπερφυοῦς ἐκείνης τοῦ Στεφάνου θεωρίας, «ἆρα», φησίν, «ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως ἦν τό κατόρθωμα; Ἆρά τινος τῶν ἀγγέλων πρός τό ὕψος ἐκεῖνο τήν κάτω κειμένην φύσιν ἀναβιβάσαντος; Οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα˙ οὐ γάρ οὕτω γέγραπται, ὅτι Στέφανος τῇ δυνάμει πολύς ἤ τῆς ἀγγελικῆς βοηθείας πλήρης γενόμενος εἶδεν ἅ εἶδεν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι Στέφανος πλήρης ὤν Πνεύματος ἁγίου εἶδε τήν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τόν μονογενῆ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Οὐ γάρ ἔστι, καθάπερ ὁ