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Thus also a cheerful soul, coming upon a beautiful countenance, makes it better; but if it is in sorrow and pain, it becomes uglier; and diseases and pains cause sorrow, and the body becoming softer from much luxury causes diseases. So for this reason too you will flee from luxury, if you obey me. But, he says, living luxuriously has pleasure. But not so much as the difficulties it has. Besides, the pleasure is only up to the throat, up to the tongue; for when the table is cleared, or the food swallowed, you will be like one who has not partaken, or rather, much worse, carrying burdens from there and distension and heaviness of the head and a sleep like death, and often also sleeplessness from gluttony, and shortness of breath, and belching; and you would curse your stomach ten thousand times, when you ought to curse your immoderation. Let us not, then, fatten the body, but let us listen to Paul saying: Make no provision for the flesh, to fulfill its lusts. Just as if someone taking food should throw it into a sewer, so also is he who throws it into his stomach; or rather not so, but much worse. For in the one case it works a sewer without its own evils, but in the other it also brings forth countless diseases. For that which nourishes is sufficiency, which can also be digested; but what is beyond need not only does not nourish, but also harms that. But no one sees these things, being deceived by untimely pleasure and habitual prejudice. Do you wish to nourish the body? Take away what is excessive, give what is sufficient, and as much as can be digested; do not weigh it down, lest you sink it. Sufficiency 63.208 is both nourishment and pleasure; for nothing so produces pleasure as food well digested; nothing so produces health, nothing so acuity of the senses, nothing is so repellent of disease. Therefore sufficiency is both nourishment and pleasure and health, while excess is both harm and displeasure and disease. For what famine does, gluttony also does, but rather worse things; for the one in a few days led away and released the man, but the other, consuming and rotting the body, delivers it to a long disease, and then to a most grievous death. But we consider famine an accursed thing, yet we run toward gluttony, which is worse than it. Whence this disease, whence this madness? I do not say to exhaust yourselves, but to eat so much as has pleasure, that which is truly pleasure, and is able to nourish the body, and to render it to you well-ordered and well-fitted for the energies of the soul, well-compacted and well-joined. But when it becomes water-logged with food, having dissolved, as one might say, the very bolts and the joints that are compacted together, it cannot hold back the flood; for the flood, coming in, dissolves and pours everything apart. For the flesh, he says, make no provision for lusts. And well did he say, For lusts; for luxury is material for unfitting desires, and even if he who lives luxuriously is the most philosophical of all men, it is necessary for him to suffer something from the wine, from the foods, it is necessary to be dissolute, it is necessary to produce a greater flame. From here come fornications, from here adulteries; for a hungry stomach cannot bear lust, or rather, not even one using sufficiency; but that which gives birth to unfitting desires, that is the one that lives wantonly in luxury. And just as very wet earth brings forth worms, and dung that is soaked and has much moisture, while that which is free from that wetness bears much fruit, when it does not have immoderation; for if it is not tilled, it puts forth grass, but if it is tilled, fruit; so also we. Let us not, then, make the flesh useless, nor unprofitable, nor harmful, but let us plant in it useful fruits and fruit-bearing plants, and let us take care not to relax them by luxury; for those too, when rotted, put forth worms instead of fruit. So also the innate desire, if you drench it beyond measure, brings forth unfitting pleasures, and exceedingly unfitting ones. This harm, therefore

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οὕτω καὶ ὄψιν ὡραίαν φαιδρότης ἐπιγενομένη ψυχῆς, κρείττονα ποιεῖ· ἐὰν δὲ ἐν κατηφείᾳ ᾖ καὶ ὀδύναις, δυσειδεστέρα γίνεται· τὴν δὲ κατήφειαν αἱ νόσοι ποιοῦσι καὶ αἱ ὀδύναι, τὰς δὲ νόσους τὸ μαλακώτερον γενέσθαι τὸ σῶμα ἀπὸ τῆς πολλῆς τρυφῆς. Ὥστε καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο φεύξεσθε τὴν τρυφὴν, ἐὰν ἐμοὶ πείθησθε. Ἀλλ' ἡδονὴν, φησὶν, ἔχει τὸ τρυφᾷν. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοσαύτην, ὅσας δυσκολίας. Ἄλλως δὲ, ἡ ἡδονὴ μέχρι τοῦ φάρυγγος, μέχρι τῆς γλώττης ἐστί· τῆς γὰρ τραπέζης ἀρθείσης, ἢ τοῦ σιτίου καταποθέντος, ὅμοιος ἔσῃ τῷ μὴ μετεσχηκότι, μᾶλλον δὲ πολλῷ χείρων, βάρη φέρων ἐκεῖθεν καὶ διάτασιν καὶ καρηβαρίαν καὶ ὕπνον ἐοικότα θανάτῳ, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ ἀγρυπνίαν ἀπὸ πλησμονῆς, καὶ πνεύματος ἐμφράξεως, καὶ ἐρυγῆς· καὶ μυρία ἂν κατηράσω τῇ γαστρὶ, δέον τῇ ἀμετρίᾳ καταράσασθαι. Μὴ λιπαίνωμεν τοίνυν τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλ' ἀκούωμεν τοῦ Παύλου λέγοντος· Τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε εἰς ἐπιθυμίας. Ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις εἰς ἀμάραν λαβὼν τὰ σιτία ἐμβάλλῃ, οὕτω καὶ ὁ εἰς τὴν γαστέρα ἐμβάλλων· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ χεῖρον. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ ἀμάραν ἐργάζεται χωρὶς τῶν οἰκείων κακῶν, ἐκεῖ δὲ καὶ μυρία τίκτει τὰ νοσήματα. Τὸ γὰρ τρέφον ἡ αὐτάρκειά ἐστιν, ὃ καὶ κατεργασθῆναι δύναται· τὸ δὲ περιττὸν τῆς χρείας οὐ μόνον οὐ τρέφει, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκεῖνο λυμαίνεται. Ἀλλ' οὐδεὶς ταῦτα ὁρᾷ ὑπὸ τῆς ἀκαίρου ἡδονῆς καὶ τῆς ἐν συνήθει προλήψεως ἀπατώμενος. Βούλει τρέφειν τὸ σῶμα; περίελε τὸ πλέον, τὸ αὔταρκες δίδου, καὶ ὅσον κατεργάσασθαι δυνατόν· μὴ βάρυνε αὐτὸ, ἵνα μὴ καταποντίσῃς. Τὸ αὔταρκες 63.208 καὶ τροφή ἐστι καὶ ἡδονή· οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω ποιεῖ ἡδονὴν ὡς σιτίον καλῶς κατεργασθέν· οὐδὲν οὕτως ὑγείαν, οὐδὲν οὕτως ὀξύτητα αἰσθήσεων, οὐδὲν οὕτως ἐστὶ νόσου ἀπελαστικόν. Ἄρα τὸ αὔταρκες μὲν καὶ τροφή ἐστι καὶ ἡδονὴ καὶ ὑγεία, τὸ δὲ πλέον καὶ λύμη καὶ ἀηδία καὶ νόσος. Ἃ γὰρ ποιεῖ ὁ λιμὸς, ταῦτα ποιεῖ καὶ ἡ πλησμονὴ, μᾶλλον δὲ χαλεπώτερα· ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ ἐν ὀλίγαις ἡμέραις ἀπήγαγε καὶ ἀπήλλαξε τὸν ἄνθρωπον, αὕτη δὲ διατρώγουσα καὶ σήπουσα τὸ σῶμα, μακρᾷ παραδίδωσι νόσῳ, καὶ τότε θανάτῳ χαλεπωτάτῳ. Ἡμεῖς δὲ τὸν μὲν λιμὸν ἀπευκτὸν πρᾶγμα νομίζομεν, ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν τούτου χαλεπωτέραν πλησμονὴν τρέχομεν. Πόθεν αὕτη ἡ νόσος, πόθεν αὕτη ἡ μανία; Οὐ λέγω κατατρύχειν ἑαυτοὺς, ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον σιτεῖσθαι, ὃ καὶ ἡδονὴν ἔχει τὴν ὄντως ἡδονὴν, καὶ θρέψαι δύναται τὸ σῶμα, καὶ εὔτακτον ὑμῖν καὶ εὐάρμοστον πρὸς τὰς ἐνεργείας παρασχεῖν τῆς ψυχῆς πεπηγὸς καλῶς καὶ συνηρμοσμένον. Ὅταν δὲ ὑπέραντλον γένηται τῇ τροφῇ, τοὺς γόμφους αὐτοὺς, ὡς ἄν τις εἴποι, καὶ τὰς ἁρμονίας διαλύσασα τὰς συμπεπηγυίας, τὴν πλημμύραν οὐ δύναται κατασχεῖν ἐπεισελθοῦσα γὰρ ἡ πλημμύρα τὸ πᾶν διαλύει καὶ διαχεῖ. Τῆς σαρκὸς, φησὶ, πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε εἰς ἐπιθυμίας. Καὶ καλῶς εἶπεν, Εἰς ἐπιθυμίας· ὕλη γάρ ἐστιν ἡ τρυφὴ ταῖς ἀτόποις ἐπιθυμίαις, κἂν πάντων ᾖ φιλοσοφώτερος ὁ τρυφῶν, ἀνάγκη τι παθεῖν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴνου, ἀπὸ τῶν σιτίων, ἀνάγκη διαχυθῆναι, ἀνάγκη τὴν φλόγα μείζονα ἐνεγκεῖν. Ἐντεῦθεν πορνεῖαι, ἐντεῦθεν μοιχεῖαι· οὐ γὰρ δύναται πεινῶσα γαστὴρ ἔρωτα τεκεῖν, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ αὐταρκείᾳ κεχρημένη· ἡ δὲ τίκτουσα τὰς ἀτόπους ἐπιθυμίας, ἐκείνη ἐστὶν ἡ σπαταλῶσα τῇ τρυφῇ. Καὶ καθάπερ ἡ σφόδρα δίυγρος γῆ τίκτει τοὺς σκώληκας, καὶ ἡ κόπρος ἡ διαβρεχομένη καὶ πολλὴν ἔχουσα τὴν νοτίδα, ἡ δὲ ἀπηλλαγμένη τῆς ὑγρασίας ἐκείνης καρποὺς φέρει πολλοὺς, ὅταν μὴ ἀμετρίαν ἔχῃ· κἂν μὲν γὰρ μὴ γεωργῆται, χλόην ἐκδίδωσιν, ἂν δὲ γεωργῆται, καρπούς· οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς. Μὴ τοίνυν ἄχρηστον τὴν σάρκα κατασκευάσωμεν, μηδὲ ἀνόνητον, μηδὲ ἐπιβλαβῆ, ἀλλὰ φυτεύσωμεν ἐν αὐτῇ χρησίμους καρποὺς καὶ φυτὰ καρποφόρα, καὶ ἐπιμέλειαν ποιώμεθα, ὥστε μὴ αὐτὰ ἐκλῦσαι τῇ τρυφῇ· καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐκεῖνα σκώληκας ἀντὶ καρπῶν ἐκβάλλει διασαπέντα. Οὕτω καὶ ἡ ἔμφυτος ἐπιθυμία, ἐὰν αὐτὴν ὑπὲρ μέτρον διαβρέξῃς, ἀτόπους τίκτει ἡδονὰς, καὶ σφόδρα ἀτοπωτάτας. Τὴν οὖν λύμην ταύτην