150

Discourse 31. (399)

On how each person must examine and diligently search the things concerning himself. And how one ought to compare his own things with the commandments of Christ.

Brothers and fathers, in the preceding instruction, in order not to prolong the discourse too much, we left the things then taught incomplete, hurrying to say what it is to examine oneself; but now through the present instruction we have come to pay you the debt of the discourse, as having been appointed for this and always owing to give to your love the ration of the word.

What then is it, as we said before, to pay attention and to examine oneself? For each person to pay attention to himself is this, to say to himself: "Does any passion whatsoever possess me? For indeed as I hear in the divine Scriptures, that he who has even one single passion does not enter into the kingdom of heaven, for it is written: 'If anyone keeps the whole law, but stumbles in one point, he has become guilty of all'. And likewise, to examine oneself is such a thing as this, in saying to oneself: (400) 'Have I perhaps neglected this or that commandment, or do I neglect and despise it and do not practice it? for Christ and God says: "One iota or one tittle from the law of my commandments shall by no means pass away, until all things are accomplished", and again: "Whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven"'.

But indeed one must also pay attention to the divine Scriptures, and while they are being read, a man ought to see himself, and to perceive and understand his own soul as in a mirror, in what state it is. What sort of thing am I saying? He hears the Lord saying: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand". He ought then to remember how he spends his days. And if he repents well, let him increase and intensify his work; but if neglectfully, let him correct himself.

Again he hears Him saying: "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven". He ought then always to examine and test himself in every humble encounter, I mean of insult, dishonor, and scorn, and thus look at himself, whether this virtue of humility is in him or not; for he who has acquired it bears all things without grief and without burden, his heart not being pierced by any of the things that happen. But if it is pierced even a little, still he is not completely disturbed; and over that piercing of his heart, because he was grieved even a little and did not rather receive what happened with joy, he scourges and humbles himself, (401) he is grieved and weeps, entering into the chamber of his soul or of his cell, and thus falling down before God, he confesses to Him, as if he had lost his whole life.

Then again he hears: "Blessed are they that mourn". And consider how He does not say 'they who have mourned', but 'they who are always mourning'; we ought then here also to consider, if we mourn daily. For if we become humble from repentance, it is evident that a day or a single night will not pass for us without tears and mourning and compunction.

And again: "Blessed are the meek". But who that mourns every day would remain living angrily and not become meek? For just as a flame of fire is extinguished by water, so by mourning and tears the anger of the soul is extinguished; and so much so that when one has spent time in this, the irascible part of his soul is transformed and comes to a state of immobility. Therefore one ought also in this to look at himself, if he is truly meek who

150

Λόγος ΛΑ΄. (399)

Περί τοῦ πῶς δεῖ ἕκαστον ἐπισκέπτεσθαι καί τά καθ᾿ ἑαυτόν ἐπιμελῶς ἐρευνᾷν. Καί πῶς τά ἑαυτοῦ ἀντιπαρατιθέναι χρή ταῖς

ἐντολαῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἀδελφοί καί πατέρες, ἐν τῇ προλαβούσῃ κατηχήσει, διά τό μή τόν λόγον

μηκύνειν ἐπί πολύ, τά κατηχηθέντα τότε ἐλλιπῆ κατελίπομεν, εἰπεῖν ἐπειγόμενοι τί ἐστι τό ἑαυτόν ἐπισκέψασθαι· νυνί δέ διά τῆς παρούσης κατηχήσεως ἀποδοῦναι ἥκομεν τό χρέος ὑμῖν τοῦ λόγου, ὡς ἐπί τοῦτο τεθέντες καί ἀεί χρεωστοῦντες διδόναι τῇ ἀγάπῃ ὑμῶν τοῦ λόγου τό σιτομέτριον.

Τί οὖν ἐστιν, ὡς τηνικαῦτα προείπομεν, τό προσχεῖν καί ἑαυτόν ἐπισκέψασθαι; Τό προσχεῖν ἕκαστον ἑαυτῷ τοῦτό ἐστι, τό καθ᾿ ἑαυτόν εἰπεῖν· "Μή τί γε ἄρα τό οἱονοῦν πάθος κατέχῃ με; Καί γάρ ὡς ἐν ταῖς θείαις ἀκούω Γραφαῖς, ὅτι ὁ ἔχων ἕν μόνον πάθος εἰς τήν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν οὐκ εἰσέρχεται, γέγραπται γάρ· "Ἐάν τις τόν νόμον ὅλον τηρήσῃ, πταίσῃ δέ ἐν ἑνί, γέγονεν πάντων ἔνοχος". Ὁμοίως δέ καί τό ἑαυτόν ἐπισκέπτεσθαι τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν, ἐν τῷ λέγειν καθ᾿ ἑαυτόν· (400) "Μήποτε τήνδε ἤ τήνδε τήν ἐντολήν παρημέλησα, ἤ ἀμελῶ καί καταφρονῶ αὐτῆς καί ταύτην οὐ διαπράττομαι; λέγει γάρ ὁ Χριστός καί Θεός· "Ἰῶτα ἕν ἤ μία κεραία ἀπό τοῦ νόμου τῶν ἐντολῶν μου οὐ μή παρέλθῃ, ἕως ἄν πάντα γένηται, καί πάλιν· "Ὁ λύσας μίαν τῶν ἐντολῶν τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων καί διδάξας οὕτω ποιεῖν τούς ἀνθρώπους, ἐλάχιστος κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν".

Ἀλλά γάρ προσέχειν δεῖ καί ταῖς θείαις Γραφαῖς, κἀκείνων ἀναγινωσκομένων βλέπειν ὀφείλει ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἑαυτόν, κατανοεῖν τε καί καταμανθάνειν ὡς ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ τήν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν, ἐν ποίοις ἐστίν. Οἷόν τι λέγω; Ἀκούει λέγοντος τοῦ Κυρίου· "Μετανοεῖτε, ἤγγικε γάρ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν". Μνησθῆναι οὖν ὀφείλει ὅπως διέρχεται τάς ἡμέρας αὐτοῦ. Καί ἐάν καλῶς μετανοῇ, ἐπαυξήσῃ καί ἐπιτείνῃ τήν ἐργασίαν αὐτοῦ· εἰ δέ ἀμελῶς, διορθώσηται.

Πάλιν ἀκούει λέγοντος· "Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοί τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν". Ὀφείλει τοίνυν ἐξετάζειν καί δοκιμάζειν ἀεί ἑαυτόν εἰς πᾶν συνάντημα εὐτελές, ὕβρεώς φημι, ἀτιμίας καί ἐξουδενώσεως, καί οὕτω βλέπειν εἰς ἑαυτόν, εἰ ἄρα καί ἔστιν ἡ ἀρετή αὕτη ἐν αὐτῷ τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἤ οὔ· ὁ γάρ ταύτην κεκτημένος φέρει πάντα ἀλύπως καί ἀβαρῶς, μή κεντούμενος ἔν τινι τῶν γινομένων τήν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ. Εἰ δέ καί μικρόν κεντηθῇ, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ τελείως ταράσσεται· ὑπέρ δέ τοῦ κεντήματος μᾶλλον ἐκείνου τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ὅλως μικρόν ἐλυπήθη καί οὐχί μετά χαρᾶς μᾶλλον τά συμβάντα ἐδέξατο, μαστίζει ἑαυτόν καί εὐτελίζει, (401) λυπεῖται καί κλαίει, εἰσερχόμενος ἐν τῷ ταμιείῳ τῆς ψυχῆς ἤ τῆς κέλλης αὐτοῦ, καί οὕτω προσπίπτων τῷ Θεῷ ἐξομολογεῖται αὐτῷ, ὡς πᾶσαν ἀπολέσας τήν ἑαυτοῦ ζωήν.

Εἶτα πάλιν ἀκούει· "Μακάροι οἱ πενθοῦντες". Καί σκόπει πῶς οὐ λέγει οἱ πενθήσαντες, ἀλλ᾿ οἱ ἀεί πενθοῦντες· σκοπεῖν οὖν καί ἐνταῦθα ὀφείλομεν, εἰ καθ᾿ ἡμέραν πενθοῦμεν. Ἐάν γάρ ταπεινοί ἀπό τῆς μετανοίας γενώμεθα, εὔδηλον ὅτι οὐ μή παρέλθῃ ἡμῖν ἡμέρα ἤ μία νύξ ἄνευ δακρύων καί πένθους καί κατανύξεως.

Καί πάλιν· "Μακάριοι οἱ πραεῖς". Τίς δέ καθ᾿ ἑκάστην πενθῶν ὀργίλως ζῶν διαμείνῃ καί μή πραΰς γένηται; Ὥσπερ γάρ φλόξ πυρός ὑπό ὕδατος, οὕτως ὑπό τοῦ πένθους καί τῶν δακρύων ὁ θυμός τῆς ψυχῆς σβέννυται· καί τοσοῦτον ὡς χρονίσαντά τινα ἐν τούτῳ, εἰς ἀκινησίαν μετατεθῆναι καί ἐλθεῖν τό θυμικόν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ. ∆ιό βλέπειν ὀφείλει τις καί ἐν τούτῳ ἑαυτόν, εἰ πρᾶος ὄντως ἐστίν ὁ