Letter CL.754    Placed in 373.

To Amphilochius in the name of Heraclidas.755    Amphilochius, not yet consecrated to Iconium, had abandoned his profession as an advocate, and was living in retirement at Ozizala, a place not far from Nazianzus, the see of his uncle Gregory, devoted to the care of his aged father, whose name he bore.  Heraclidas, it appears, had also renounced the bar, and devoted himself to religious life; but did not join Amphilochius on the ground that he was living in Basil’s hospital at Cæsarea.  cf. the letters of Gregory, first cousin of Amphilochius.  On the relationship, see Bp. Lightfoot in D.C.B. i. p. 104, and pedigree in prolegomena.

1.  I remember our old conversations with one another, and am forgetful neither of what I said, nor of what you said.  And now public life has no hold upon me.  For although I am the same in heart and have not yet put off the old man, nevertheless, outwardly and by withdrawing myself far from worldly life, I seem already to have begun to tread the way of Christian conversation.  I sit apart, like men who are on the point of embarking on the deep, looking out at what is before me.  Mariners, indeed, need winds to make their voyage prosperous; I on the other hand want a guide to take me by the hand and conduct me safely through life’s bitter waves.  I feel that I need first a curb for my young manhood, and then pricks to drive me to the course of piety.  Both these seem to be provided by reason, which at one time disciplines my unruliness of soul, and at another time my sluggishness.  Again I want other remedies that I may wash off the impurity of habit.  You know how, long accustomed as I was to the Forum, I am lavish of words, and do not guard myself against the thoughts put into my mind by the evil one.  I am the servant too of honour, and cannot easily give up thinking great things of myself.  Against all this I feel that I need a great instructor.  Then, further, I conclude that it is of no small importance, nor of benefit only for a little while, that the soul’s eye should be so purged that, after being freed from all the darkness of ignorance, as though from some blinding humour, one can gaze intently on the beauty of the glory of God.  All this I know very well that your wisdom is aware of; I know that you would wish that I might have some one to give me such help, and if ever God grant me to meet you I am sure that I shall learn more about what I ought to heed.  For now, in my great ignorance, I can hardly even form a judgment as to what I lack.  Yet I do not repent of my first impulse; my soul does not hang back from the purpose of a godly life as you have feared for me, nobly and becomingly doing everything in your power, lest, like the woman of whom I have heard the story, I should turn back and become a pillar of salt.756    cf.Gen. xix. 26.  I am still, however, under the restraint of external authority; for the magistrates are seeking me like a deserter.  But I am chiefly influenced by my own heart, which testifies to itself of all that I have told you.

2.  Since you have mentioned our bond, and have announced that you mean to prosecute, you have made me laugh in this my dejection, because you are still an advocate and do not give up your shrewdness.  I hold, unless, indeed, like an ignorant man, I am quite missing the truth, that there is only one way to the Lord, and that all who are journeying to Him are travelling together and walking in accordance with one “bond” of life.  If this be so, wherever I go how can I be separated from you?  How can I cease to live with you, and with you serve God, to Whom we have both fled for refuge?  Our bodies may be separated by distance, but God’s eye still doubtless looks upon us both; if indeed a life like mine is fit to be beheld by the divine eyes; for I have read somewhere in the Psalms that the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous.757    Ps. xxxiv. 15.  I do indeed pray that with you and with all that are like minded with you, I may be associated, even in body, and that night and day with you and with any other true worshipper of God I may bow my knees to our Father which is in heaven; for I know that communion in prayer brings great gain.  If, as often as it is my lot to lie and groan in a different corner, I am always to be accused of lying, I cannot contend against your argument, and already condemn myself as a liar, if with my own carelessness I have said anything which brings me under such a charge.

3.  I was lately at Cæsarea, in order to learn what was going on there.  I was unwilling to remain in the city itself, and betook myself to the neighbouring hospital, that I might get there what information I wanted.  According to his custom the very godly bishop visited it, and I consulted him as to the points which you had urged upon me.  It is not possible for me to remember all that he said in reply; it went far beyond the limits of a letter.  In sum, however, what he said about poverty was this, that the rule ought to be that every one should limit his possessions to one garment.  For one proof of this he quoted the words of John the Baptist “he that hath two coats let him impart to him that hath none;”758    Luke iii. 11. and for another our Lord’s prohibition to His disciples to have two coats.759    Matt. x. 10.  He further added “If thou wilt be perfect go and sell that thou hast and give to the poor.”760    Matt. xix. 21.  He said too that the parable of the pearl bore on this point, because the merchant, who had found the pearl of great price, went away and sold all that he had and bought it; and he added too that no one ought even to permit himself the distribution of his own property, but should leave it in the hands of the person entrusted with the duty of managing the affairs of the poor; and he proved the point from the acts of the apostles,761    Acts iv. 35. because they sold their property and brought and laid it at the feet of the apostles, and by them it was distributed to each as every man had need.762    It will be observed that St. Basil’s quotation here does not quite bear out his point.  There is no “by them” in Acts iv. 35.  “Distribution was made unto every man according as he had need.”  In Acts ii. 45 the primitive communists are said themselves to have “parted to all men as every man had need,” the responsibility of distribution being apparently retained.  For he said that experience was needed in order to distinguish between cases of genuine need and of mere greedy begging.  For whoever gives to the afflicted gives to the Lord, and from the Lord shall have his reward; but he who gives to every vagabond casts to a dog, a nuisance indeed from his importunity, but deserving no pity on the ground of want.

4.  He was moreover the first to speak shortly, as befits the importance of the subject, about some of the daily duties of life.  As to this I should wish you to hear from himself, for it would not be right for me to weaken the force of his lessons.  I would pray that we might visit him together, that so you might both accurately preserve in your memory what he said, and supply any omissions by your own intelligence.  One thing that I do remember, out of the many which I heard, is this; that instruction how to lead the Christian life depends less on words, than on daily example.  I know that, if you had not been detained by the duty of succouring your aged father, there is nothing that you would have more greatly esteemed than a meeting with the bishop, and that you would not have advised me to leave him in order to wander in deserts.  Caves and rocks are always ready for us, but the help we get from our fellow man is not always at hand.  If, then, you will put up with my giving you advice, you will impress on your father the desirability of his allowing you to leave him for a little while in order to meet a man who, alike from his experience of others and from his own wisdom, knows much, and is able to impart it to all who approach him.

ΑΜΦΙΛΟΧΙῼ ΩΣ ΠΑΡΑ ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΟΥ

[1] Ἐγὼ καὶ τῶν ὁμιληθέντων ἡμῖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ποτὲ μέμνημαι καὶ ὧν τε αὐτὸς εἶπον ὧν τε ἤκουσα παρὰ τῆς εὐγενείας σου οὐκ ἐπιλέλησμαι. Καὶ νῦν βίος μέν με δημόσιος οὐ κατέχει. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ ὁ αὐτός εἰμι καὶ οὔπω τὸν παλαιὸν ἀπεδυσάμην ἄνθρωπον, πλὴν τῷ γε σχήματι καὶ τῷ μακρὰν ἐμαυτὸν ποιῆσαι τῶν τοῦ βίου πραγμάτων ἔδοξα λοιπὸν οἷον ἐπιβεβηκέναι τοῦ οὐδοῦ τῆς κατὰ Χριστὸν πολιτείας. Καθέζομαι δὲ ἐπ' ἐμαυτοῦ, ὥσπερ οἱ εἰς πέλαγος ἀφιέναι μέλλοντες, ἀποσκοπεύων τὸ μέλλον. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ πλέοντες ἀνέμων χρῄζουσι πρὸς τὴν εὔπλοιαν, ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῦ χειραγωγήσοντος ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀσφαλῶς διὰ τῶν ἁλμυρῶν κυμάτων τοῦ βίου παραπέμψοντος. Χρῄζειν γὰρ ἐμαυτὸν λογίζομαι πρῶτον μὲν χαλινοῦ πρὸς τὴν νεότητα, ἔπειτα κέντρων πρὸς τὸν δρόμον τῆς εὐσεβείας. Τούτων δὲ πρόξενος λόγος δηλονότι, νῦν μὲν παιδαγωγῶν ἡμῶν τὸ ἄτακτον, νῦν δὲ τὸ νωθρὸν τῆς ψυχῆς διεγείρων. Πάλιν μοι χρεία φαρμάκων ἑτέρων ὥστε τὸν ἐκ τῆς συνηθείας ἀποπλύνασθαι ῥύπον. Οἶδας γὰρ ὅτι ἡμεῖς, οἱ πολὺν χρόνον ἐνεθισθέντες τῇ ἀγορᾷ, ἀφειδῶς μὲν ἔχομεν τῶν ῥημάτων, ἀφυλάκτως δὲ πρὸς τὰς ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ συνισταμένας ἐκ τοῦ Πονηροῦ φαντασίας. Ἡττήμεθα δὲ καὶ τιμῆς καὶ τὸ ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς τι φρονεῖν οὐ ῥᾳδίως ἀποτιθέμεθα. Πρὸς ταῦτα μεγάλου μοι δεῖν καὶ ἐμπείρου λογίζομαι διδασκάλου. Ἔπειτα μέντοι καὶ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποκαθαρθῆναι, ὥστε, πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγνοίας ἐπισκότησιν οἵαν τινὰ λήμην ἀφαιρεθέντα, δύνασθαι ἐνατενίζειν τῷ κάλλει τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐ μικροῦ ἔργου κρίνω οὐδ' ἐπ' ὀλίγον τὴν ὠφέλειαν φέρειν. Ἃ καὶ τὴν σὴν λογιότητα συνορᾶν καὶ ἐπιθυμεῖν ὑπάρξαι τινὰ εἰς ταύτην τὴν βοήθειαν ἀκριβῶς ἐπίσταμαι: καί, ἐάν ποτε δῷ ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀφικέσθαι τῇ κοσμιότητί σου, δηλονότι πλείονα μαθήσομαι ὑπὲρ ὧν φροντίζειν με χρή. Νῦν γὰρ ὑπὸ πολλῆς ἀμαθίας οὐδὲ ὅσων ἐνδεής εἰμι γνωρίζειν δύναμαι, πλήν γε ὅτι οὐδὲν μετεμέλησέ μοι τῆς πρώτης ὁρμῆς οὐδὲ ὀκλάζει μου ἡ ψυχὴ πρὸς τὸν σκοπὸν τοῦ κατὰ Θεὸν βίου, ὅπερ ἠγωνίασας ἐπ' ἐμοὶ καλῶς καὶ προσηκόντως ἑαυτῷ ποιῶν, μήποτε στραφεὶς εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω στήλη γένωμαι ἁλός, ὅπερ γυνή τις ἔπαθεν, ὥσπερ ἀκούω. Ἀλλ' ἔτι μέν με καὶ αἱ ἔξωθεν ἀρχαὶ συστέλλουσιν, ὥσπερ λιποτάκτην τινὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἀναζητούντων. Ἐπέχει δέ με μάλιστα ἡ ἐμοῦ αὐτοῦ καρδία, ἐκεῖνα μαρτυροῦσα ἑαυτῇ ἅπερ εἴρηκα.

[2] Ἐπειδὴ δὲ συνθηκῶν ἐμνήσθης καὶ κατηγορεῖν ἐπηγγείλω, γελάσαι με ἐποίησας ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ κατηφείᾳ μου, ὅτι ἔτι ῥήτωρ εἶ καὶ τῆς δεινότητος οὐκ ἀφίστασαι. Ἐγὼ γὰρ νομίζω, εἰ μὴ πάντη ὡς ἀμαθὴς διαμαρτάνω τῆς ἀληθείας, μίαν εἶναι ὁδὸν τὴν πρὸς τὸν Κύριον ἄγουσαν, καὶ πάντας τοὺς πρὸς αὐτὸν πορευομένους συνοδεύειν ἀλλήλοις, καὶ κατὰ μίαν συνθήκην τοῦ βίου πορεύεσθαι. Ὥστε ποῦ ἀπελθὼν χωρισθῆναί σου δύναμαι καὶ μὴ μετὰ σοῦ ζῆν καὶ μετὰ σοῦ δουλεύειν Θεῷ ᾧ κοινῇ προσεφύγομεν; Τὰ μὲν γὰρ σώματα ἡμῶν τόποις διασταθήσεται, ὁ δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ ὀφθαλμὸς κοινῇ ἀμφοτέρους ἐφορᾷ δηλονότι, εἴπερ οὖν ἄξιος καὶ ὁ ἐμὸς βίος ὑπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐποπτεύεσθαι: ἀνέγνων γάρ που ἐν Ψαλμοῖς ὅτι «Ὀφθαλμοὶ Κυρίου ἐπὶ δικαίους.» Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ εὔχομαι καὶ σοὶ καὶ παντὶ τῷ παραπλησίως σοι προαιρουμένῳ καὶ τῷ σώματι συνεῖναι, καὶ πᾶσαν νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν μετὰ σοῦ κλίνειν τὰ γόνατα πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἡμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος ἀξίως ἐπικαλούμενος τὸν Θεόν. Οἶδα γὰρ τὴν ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς κοινωνίαν πολὺ κέρδος φέρουσαν. Ἐὰν δέ, ὁσάκις ὑπάρξῃ μοι ἐν διαφόρῳ γωνιδίῳ παρερριμμένῳ στενάζειν, ἀκολουθήσῃ μοι πάντως τὸ ψεύδεσθαι, μάχεσθαι μὲν πρὸς τὸν λόγον οὐκ ἔχω, ἤδη δὲ ὡς ψεύστου ἐμαυτὸν κατακρίνω, εἴ τι τοιοῦτον κατὰ τὴν παλαιὰν ἀδιαφορίαν ἐφθεγξάμην, ἅ με τῷ κρίματι τοῦ ψεύδους ὑπόδικον καθιστᾷ.

[3] Γενόμενος δὲ πλησίον Καισαρείας ὥστε γνωρίσαι τὰ πράγματα καὶ αὐτῇ παραβαλεῖν τῇ πόλει μὴ ἀνασχόμενος, τῷ πλησίον προσέφυγον πτωχοτροφείῳ, ὥστε ἐκεῖ μαθεῖν περὶ ὧν ἐβουλόμην. Εἶτα κατὰ συνήθειαν ἐπιδημήσαντι τῷ θεοφιλεστάτῳ ἐπισκόπῳ ἀνήνεγκα περὶ ὧν προσέταξεν ἡμῖν ἡ λογιότης σου. Καὶ ἃ μὲν ἀπεκρίνατο οὔτε τῇ μνήμῃ φυλαχθῆναι παρ' ἡμῶν δυνατὸν καὶ ἐπιστολῆς ὑπερβαίνει μέτρον. Ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ δὲ περὶ τῆς ἀκτημοσύνης ἐκεῖνο ἔφη τὸ μέτρον εἶναι, ὥστε εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον χιτῶνα ἕκαστον ἑαυτῷ περιιστάναι τὴν κτῆσιν. Καὶ παρείχετο ἡμῖν ἐκ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου τὰς ἀποδείξεις: μίαν μὲν ὡς Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ εἰπόντος: «Ὁ ἔχων δύο χιτῶνας μεταδότω τῷ μὴ ἔχοντι», ἑτέραν δὲ ὡς τοῦ Κυρίου τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἀπαγορεύσαντος μὴ ἔχειν δύο χιτῶνας. Προσετίθη δὲ τούτοις καὶ τό: «Εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι, ὕπαγε, πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα καὶ δὸς πτωχοῖς.» Ἔλεγε δὲ καὶ τὴν τοῦ μαργαρίτου παραβολὴν εἰς τοῦτο φέρειν, ὅτι ὁ ἔμπορος ὁ εὑρὼν τὸν πολύτιμον μαργαρίτην ἀπελθὼν ἐπώλησεν ἑαυτοῦ πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντα καὶ ἠγόρασεν ἐκεῖνον. Προσετίθει δὲ τούτοις ὅτι οὐδὲ ἑαυτῷ τινα ἐπιτρέπειν χρὴ τὴν τῶν χρημάτων διανομήν, ἀλλὰ τῷ τὰ τῶν πτωχῶν οἰκονομεῖν πεπιστευμένῳ. Καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν Πράξεων ἐπιστοῦτο, ὅτι πωλοῦντες τὰ προσόντα αὐτοῖς φέροντες ἐτίθουν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν Ἀποστόλων καὶ παρ' ἐκείνων διεδίδοτο ἑκάστῳ καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν. Ἔλεγε γὰρ ἐμπειρίας χρῄζειν τὴν διάγνωσιν τοῦ ἀληθῶς δεομένου καὶ τοῦ κατὰ πλεονεξίαν αἰτοῦντος. Καὶ ὁ μὲν τῷ θλιβομένῳ διδοὺς τῷ Κυρίῳ ἔδωκε καὶ παρ' αὐτοῦ λήψεται τὸν μισθόν, ὁ δὲ τῷ περιερχομένῳ προσέρριψε κυνὶ φορτικῷ μὲν διὰ τὴν ἀναίδειαν, οὐκ ἐλεεινῷ δὲ διὰ τὴν ἔνδειαν.

[4] Περὶ δὲ τοῦ πῶς χρὴ βιοῦν ἡμᾶς καθ' ἡμέραν ὀλίγα μὲν ἔφθη εἰρηκὼς πρὸς τὸ τῆς ὑποθέσεως μέγεθος, πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐβουλόμην παρ' αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου σε μαθεῖν. Ἐμὲ γὰρ ἀφανίζειν τὴν ἀκρίβειαν τῶν διδαγμάτων οὐκ εὔλογον. Ηὐχόμην δὲ μετὰ σοῦ ποτε καταλαβεῖν αὐτόν, ἵνα τῇ μνήμῃ ἀκριβῶς φυλάξας τὰ λεχθέντα καὶ τῇ σεαυτοῦ συνέσει προσεξεύρῃς τὰ λείποντα. Ἐκείνου γὰρ μέμνημαι ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν ὧν ἤκουσα, ὅτι ἡ περὶ τοῦ πῶς χρὴ ζῆν τὸν χριστιανὸν διδασκαλία οὐ τοσοῦτον δεῖται λόγου ὅσον τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ὑποδείγματος. Καὶ οἶδα ὅτι, εἰ μή σε κατεῖχεν ὁ δεσμὸς τῆς γηροκομίας τοῦ πατρός, οὐκ ἂν οὔτε αὐτὸς ἄλλο τι προετίμησας τῆς συντυχίας τοῦ ἐπισκόπου οὔτ' ἂν ἐμοὶ συνεβούλευσας καταλιπόντι τοῦτον εἰς ἐρημίας πλανᾶσθαι. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ σπήλαια καὶ αἱ πέτραι ἀναμένουσιν ἡμᾶς, αἱ δὲ παρὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ὠφέλειαι οὐκ ἀεὶ ἡμῖν παραμένουσιν. Ὥστε, εἰ ἀνέχῃ μου συμβουλεύοντος, τυπώσεις τὸν πατέρα μικρὸν ἐπιτρέπειν σε ἀναχωρεῖν αὐτοῦ, καὶ περιτυγχάνειν ἀνδρὶ πολλὰ καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρων πείρας καὶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας συνέσεως καὶ εἰδότι καὶ παρέχειν τοῖς προσιοῦσιν αὐτῷ δυναμένῳ.