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he destroyed; and not only was he driven from his own borders, but he also went about both land and sea, both Greece and barbarian lands, and absolutely all the earth the sun looks upon, as if winged, being dragged, being beaten, being stoned, and dying each day; nor did he serve for twice seven years being scorched by the heat of the day and the frost of the night, but he spent his whole life in hunger and nakedness and chains and prisons and plots and dangers. And as for forbearance and meekness, who has achieved more, or even as much, as the soul of Paul in both these things? And if you were to see his zeal, you would see him surpassing Elijah by as much as that one surpassed the other prophets. But John ate locusts and wild honey; but this one lived in the midst of the inhabited world as that one did in the desert, not eating locusts and wild honey, but setting a table much humbler than that, and not even having an abundance of necessary food because of his zeal for the preaching. It remains, then, to make him equal to the angels. And let no one condemn the boldness of this statement; for if Scripture called John an angel, what wonder is it if we compare the one better than all to those powers? For what man is, and how great the nobility of our nature, and of how much virtue this creature is capable, Paul showed more than all other men; and he has stood ever since he came to be, with a clear voice to all who find fault with our constitution, making a defense on behalf of the Master, and showing that between angels and men the difference is not great, if we are willing to pay attention to ourselves. For not having obtained another nature, nor having partaken of a different soul, nor having inhabited another world, but having been raised in the same earth and country and laws and customs, he surpassed all men who have existed since men came to be; and as a dead man might be motionless toward a dead man, so with precision calming the stirrings of nature, he never experienced any human passion towards anything. For just as in the case of money, one who has gained two gold pieces receives greater eagerness to collect and gather ten and twenty, so also it happens in the case of virtue; he who has done some good deed and succeeded, receives from the work a certain encouragement and exhortation, so as to take up likewise many other things. And let no one say to me, that many have succeeded; for this is not what is sought, but that all should. Do you not see this happening also in the case of the body? For if we stub and tear up only a toenail, the whole body suffers with the member. Therefore, do not say this, that some few were left who did not succeed; but consider this, that these few who were not corrected corrupt many others. For there was one who had committed fornication among the Corinthians, and yet Paul groaned as if the whole city had been destroyed; and very rightly so; for he knew that if that one were not disciplined, the disease, proceeding on its way, would quickly attack all the others. For if among our members we cut out what is rotten and incurable, fearing 63.761 lest the rest of the body also receive the same corruption, and we do this, not despising that part, but rather wishing to preserve the rest; how much more necessary is it to do this in the case of those associated with us in evil? For if we are able to correct them also, and not be harmed ourselves, we must do everything; but if they remain uncorrected and harm us, it is necessary to cut them out and cast them away. For if we disinherit sons who are wicked, and do not even respect nature, much more ought we to flee associates and acquaintances who are evil. But they are scandalized, one says, and suspect evil. And what of that? Honor yourself, and no one will be able to insult you; but if you dishonor yourself, even if everyone honors you, you will never be honored. For one who is good, having gotten the reputation of being evil, is in no way harmed by this with respect to being what he is; but he who suspected rashly and in vain will pay the ultimate penalty; but he who

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κατέλυσε· καὶ οὐδὲ τῶν οἰκείων ὅρων ἠλαύνετο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ γῆν καὶ θάλατταν, καὶ Ἑλλάδα καὶ βάρβαρον, καὶ πᾶσαν ἁπαξαπλῶς ὅσην ἥλιος ἐφορᾷ γῆν, ὥσπερ τις ὑπόπτερος περιῆλθε, συρόμενος, τυπτόμενος. λιθαζόμενος, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἀποθνήσκων· οὐδὲ δὶς ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἐδούλευσε συγκαιόμενος τῷ καύματι τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τῷ παγετῷ τῆς νυκτὸς, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἅπαντα βίον ἐν λιμῷ καὶ γυμνότητι καὶ ἁλύσεσι καὶ δεσμωτηρίοις καὶ ἐπιβουλαῖς καὶ κινδύνοις διατελῶν. Ἐπιείκειαν δὲ καὶ πραότητα τίς μὲν μᾶλλον, τίς δὲ ἴσον· τῆς Παύλου ψυχῆς ἀμφότερα ταῦτα κατώρθωσεν; Εἰ δὲ τὸν ζῆλον ἴδοις αὐτοῦ, τοσοῦτον ὄψει κρατοῦντα τοῦ Ἠλίου, ὅσον ἐκεῖνος τῶν ἄλλων προφητῶν περιῆν. Ἀλλ' ὁ Ἰωάννης ἀκρίδας ἤσθιε καὶ μέλι ἄγριον· ἀλλ' οὗτος ἐν μέσῃ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ καθάπερ ἐκεῖνος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ διέτριβεν, ἀκρίδας μὲν καὶ μέλι ἄγριον οὐ σιτούμενος, πολὺ δὲ εὐτελεστέραν ταύτης παρατιθέμενος τράπεζαν, καὶ οὐδὲ τῆς ἀναγκαίας εὐπορῶν τροφῆς διὰ τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κηρύγματος σπουδήν. Λείπεται πρὸς τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτὸν ἐξισῶσαι λοιπόν. Καὶ μηδεὶς τόλμαν καταγινωσκέτω τοῦ λόγου· εἰ γὰρ τὸν Ἰωάννην ἄγγελον ἐκάλεσεν ἡ Γραφὴ, τί θαυμαστὸν εἰ τὸν ἁπάντων ἀμείνω ταῖς δυνάμεσι παραβάλωμεν ἐκείναις; Καὶ γὰρ τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ὅση τῆς φύσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας ἡ εὐγένεια, καὶ ὅσης ἐστὶ δεκτικὸν ἀρετῆς τουτὶ τὸ ζῶον, ἔδειξε μάλιστα πάντων ἀνθρώπων Παῦλος· καὶ νῦν ἕστηκεν ἐξ οὗ γέγονε, λαμπρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ πρὸς ἅπαντας τοὺς ἐγκαλοῦντας ἡμῶν τῇ κατασκευῇ ἀπολογούμενος ὑπὲρ τοῦ ∆εσπότου, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀνθρώπων οὐ πολὺ τὸ μέσον, ἐὰν ἑαυτοῖς προσέχειν ἐθέλωμεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἄλλην φύσιν λαχὼν, οὐδὲ ἑτέρας κοινωνήσας ψυχῆς, οὐδὲ ἄλλον οἰκήσας κόσμον, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ γῇ καὶ χώρᾳ καὶ νόμοις καὶ ἔθεσι τραφεὶς, πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὑπερηκόντισε τοὺς ἐξ οὗ γεγόνασιν ἄνθρωποι γενομένους· καὶ ὡς ἂν νεκρὸς πρὸς νεκρὸν ἀκίνητος γένοιτο, οὕτω μετὰ ἀκριβείας τῆς φύσεως τὰ σκιρτήματα κατευνάζων, οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε πρὸς οὐδὲν ἀνθρώπινον ἔπαθε. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν χρημάτων ὁ δύο κερδάνας χρυσίνους, πλείονα λαμβάνει προθυμίαν πρὸς τὸ δέκα καὶ εἴκοσι συλλέξαι καὶ συναγαγεῖν, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς γίνεται· ὁ ποιήσας τι καλὸν ἔργον καὶ κατορθώσας, τῆς ἐργασίας παράκλησίν τινα λαμβάνει καὶ παραίνεσιν, ὥστε καὶ ἑτέρων πλειόνων ὁμοίως ἅψασθαι. Καὶ μή μοι λεγέτω τις, ὅτι πολλοὶ κατώρθωσαν· οὐ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον, ἀλλ' ἵνα πάντες. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σώματος τοῦτο γινόμενον; ἐὰν γὰρ τὸν ὄνυχα μόνον προσπταίσαντες ἀνατρέψωμεν, ὅλον τῷ μέλει συναλγεῖ τὸ σῶμα. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο εἴπῃς, ὅτι ὀλίγοι τινὲς ὑπελείφθησαν οἱ μὴ κατορθώσαντες· ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο σκόπει, ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ ὀλίγοι οἱ μὴ διορθώσαντες πολλοὺς διαφθεροῦσιν ἑτέρους. Καὶ γὰρ εἷς ἦν ὁ πεπορνευκὼς παρὰ Κορινθίοις, καὶ ὅμως οὕτως ἔστενεν ὁ Παῦλος, ὡς ὅλης τῆς πόλεως ἀπολωλυίας· καὶ μάλα εἰκότως· ᾔδει γὰρ ὅτι μὴ σωφρονισθέντος ἐκείνου, ταχέως τὸ νόσημα ὁδῷ βαδίζον καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπιδραμεῖται πάντας. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς μέλεσι τὸ σεσηπὸς καὶ ἀνιάτως ἔχον ἐκκόπτομεν, φοβούμενοι 63.761 μὴ καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν τὴν αὐτὴν λύμην ὑποδέξηται σῶμα, καὶ ποιοῦμεν τοῦτο, οὐκ ἐκείνου καταφρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὸ λοιπὸν διαφυλάξαι μᾶλλον βουλόμενοι· πόσῳ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῶν συνόντων ἡμῖν ἐπὶ κακίᾳ τοῦτο πράττειν ἀναγκαῖον; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ δυνάμεθα κἀκείνους διορθῶσαι, καὶ αὐτοὶ μὴ παραβλαβῆναι, πάντα ποιεῖν χρή· εἰ δὲ κἀκεῖνοι μένοιεν ἀδιόρθωτοι, καὶ ἡμᾶς παραβλάπτοιεν, ἐκκόπτειν αὐτοὺς καὶ ῥίπτειν ἀναγκαῖον. Εἰ γὰρ υἱοὺς φαύλους ἔχοντες ἐκκηρύττομεν, καὶ οὐδὲ τὴν φύσιν αἰδούμεθα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς συνήθεις καὶ γνωρίμους φεύγειν δεῖ πονηροὺς ὄντας. Ἀλλὰ σκανδαλίζονται, φησὶ, καὶ κακῶς ὑποπτεύουσι. Καὶ τί τοῦτο; σὺ σαυτὸν τίμησον, καὶ οὐδείς σε ὑβρίσαι δυνήσεται· ἂν δὲ σὺ σαυτὸν ἀτιμάζῃς, κἂν ἄπαντές σε τιμήσωσιν, οὐ τιμηθήσῃ ποτέ. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ πονηροῦ δόξαν λαβὼν ἀγαθὸς ὢν, οὐδὲν ἐντεῦθεν βλάπτεται εἰς τὸ εἶναι τοιοῦτος οἷός ἐστιν· ἀλλ' ὁ ὑποπτεύσας εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην, τὴν ἐσχάτην δίδωσι δίκην· ὁ δὲ