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to go about and sometimes from these, sometimes (349) from others, gluttonously eats and drinks, and not only this, but also if he gets drunk and squanders his gold on debauchery, has not this man too lost the opportune time and foolishly squandered his possessions?

But the one who comes to the festival with gold and does none of the contrary things we mentioned, but having entered it with his fellow merchants, if he only wanders about the entire festival, observing and learning sometimes of his acquaintances, and sometimes of those not known to him, both his own people and strangers, how each of them does business, but he himself does no business, and while he is thus wandering about unseasonably the festival is again dispersed, with everyone having departed to their own homes—have not those who traded indeed redeemed the time with haste, having done what was fitting for the occasion and procured a profit for themselves from it, while the one who meddled in the affairs of others and did not trade, even if he was with them, has suffered the loss of the opportune time, having gained nothing from being found at the festival? And if again some, in expectation of profit, despise the assault of robbers and the toil of the journey and the long road, but another, being struck with fear of these things, even if he is urged by all to journey with them, even if he hears them promising to guard him from the evils he expects, does not choose to follow them and go to trade with them at the festival—have not the former redeemed the time, having traded well and gained a profit, while the latter foolishly suffered its loss, having feared there a fear where there was no fear?

So it is, therefore, also with every spiritual action and work. For when others walk in the commandments of God and practice all the virtues with diligence and fervor, (350) but we live in negligence and idleness, they have redeemed the time and have been greatly benefited, but we have destroyed both ourselves and the time. But let us further examine the meaning. What then does it say: "Redeeming the time, because the days are evil"? How then does one redeem the time, and what is this, and what are the evil days for which we ought to redeem the time? The opportune time for every man's business is this time of the present life; and of this life, the days are manifestly evil for those who do not use them well. Everyone, therefore, who lives soberly and justly with a sound mind in this life and bears with fortitude and patience of soul the painful and grievous things of the temptations and tribulations that come upon him, whether from visible or from invisible enemies, prudently redeems the time and makes a profit from the evil days of the present life. And that this might become clearer, I will make my argument from the things that happen daily in life.

He who knows well how to make use of the present opportune time, whenever tribulations and reproaches and dishonors and scoffs are brought upon him, as one who recognizes the goods and clearly foresees the profit from them, seizes these things and takes them upon his shoulders and goes on his way rejoicing, paying down only patience instead of gold, and thus he redeems in an instant the time that others, by fasting for many years, keeping vigils, sleeping on the ground and toiling much at home, are not able to find or to receive or to gain. But he who does not know how to trade in this way destroys the opportune time of his salvation. But if it seems good, let us also exercise the argument otherwise in an example. Two men being tyrannically summoned by someone to transgress a commandment of God, if one of them, out of cowardice and fear of the punishments and tortures about to be inflicted upon him, should resort to flight and, having gone away, should hide himself, (351) but the other should speak boldly and endure many torments for the sake of the commandment of God, or even undergo death itself, which one

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περιϊέναι καί ποτέ μέν ἐκ τούτων ποτέ δέ (349) ἐξ ἑτέρων λιχνευόμενος ἐσθίῃ καί πίνῃ, καί οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλά καί ἐάν μέθῃ καί ἀσελγείαις καταδαπανήσῃ τό χρυσίον αὐτοῦ, οὐχί καί οὖτος τόν καιρόν ἀπώλεσε καί τά προσόντα αὐτῷ ἀφρόνως κατεδαπάνησεν;

Ὁ δέ καί ἐν τῇ πανηγύρει μετά χρυσίου παραγινόμενος καί μηδέν ἐξ ὧν εἴπομεν ἐναντίον διαπραττόμενος, ἀλλά μετά τῶν συνεμπόρων αὐτοῦ εἰσελθών ἐν αὐτῇ, ἐάν μόνον ἅπασαν τήν πανήγυριν περιέρχηται, κατασκοπῶν καί καταμανθάνων ποτέ μέν τούς γνωρίμους, ποτέ δέ καί τούς μή γνωριζομένους αὐτῷ, οἰκείους τε καί ἀλλοτρίους, πῶς ἕκαστος αὐτῶν πραγματεύεται, αὐτός δέ μηδέν πραγματεύσηται καί οὕτως ἀκαίρως περιερχομένου αὐτοῦ διαλυθείη πάλιν ἡ πανήγυρις, πάντων αὐτομολησάντων εἰς τά οἰκεῖα, οὐχί οἱ ἐμπορευσάμενοι μέν τόν καιρόν ἐξηγοράσαντο ἐν σπουδῇ, τά τῷ καιρῷ πρέποντα ἐργασάμενοι καί κέρδος ἐκεῖθεν ἑαυτοῖς περιποιησάμενοι, ὁ δέ περιεργαζόμενος τά ἀλλότρια καί μή πραγματευσάμενος, εἰ καί συνῆν αὐτοῖς, ἐζημιώθη τόν καιρόν, μηδέν ἐκ τοῦ εὑρηθῆναι εἰς τήν πανήγυριν ὠφεληθείς; Εἰ δέ καί ἄλλοι μέν αὖθις τῇ προσδοκίᾳ τοῦ κέρδους καί λῃστῶν ἐφόδου καί κόπου ὁδοιπορίας καί μακρᾶς ὁδοῦ καταφρονοῦσιν, ὁ δέ, φόβῳ τούτων βαλλόμενος, κἄν ὑπό πάντων παρακαλῆται συνοδοιπορῆσαι αὐτοῖς, κἄν ὑποσχομένους φυλάττειν αὐτόν ἀκούῃ ἀπό τῶν προσδοκωμένων αὐτῷ κακῶν, οὐ προαιρεῖται ἀκολουθῆσαι αὐτοῖς καί ἀπελθεῖν πραγματεύσασθαι μετ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ πανηγύρει, οὐχί οἱ μέν καιρόν ἐξηγοράσαντο, καλῶς πραγματευσάμενοι καί κερδήσαντες, ὁ δέ τοῦτον ἀφρόνως ἐζημιώθη, φοβηθείς ἐκεῖ φόβον οὗ οὐκ ἦν φόβος;

Οὕτω τοιγαροῦν ἐστι καί ἐπί πάσῃ πράξει καί ἐργασίᾳ πνευματικῇ. Ὅταν γάρ ἄλλοι ἐν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς πορεύωνται τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τάς ἀρετάς πάσας μετά σπουδῆς καί θέρμης ἐργάζωνται, (350) ἡμεῖς δέ ἐν ἀμελείᾳ καί ἀργίᾳ διάγωμεν, ἐκεῖνοι μέν ἐξηγοράσαντο τόν καιρόν καί τά μέγιστα ὠφελήθησαν, ἡμεῖς δέ καί ἑαυτούς καί τόν καιρόν ἀπωλέσαμεν. Ἀλλά γάρ ἔτι τό νόημα ἐξετάσωμεν. Τί οὖν φησιν· «Ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τόν καιρόν, ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν»; Πῶς οὖν ἐξαγοράζεταί τις τόν καιρόν καί τίς ἐστιν οὗτος καί τίνες αἱ πονηραί ἡμέραι δι᾿ ἅς ὀφείλομεν ἐξαγοράζεσθαι τόν καιρόν; Καιρός πραγματείας ἀνθρώπου παντός ὁ χρόνος οὗτός ἐστι τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς· ταύτης δέ τῆς ζωῆς προδήλως πονηραί εἰσιν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῖς μή καλῶς χρωμένοις αὐταῖς. Πᾶς οὖν ὁ σωφρόνως καί δικαίως μετά φρονήματος ὑγιοῦς πολιτευόμενος ἐν τῷ βίῳ καί φέρων ἐν ἀδρίᾳ καί ὑπομονῇ ψυχῆς τά ἐπίπονα καί λυπηρά τῶν ἐπερχομένων αὐτῷ πειρασμῶν τε καί θλίψεων, εἴτε ἐξ ὁρατῶν, εἴτε ἐξ ἀοράτων ἐχθρῶν, ἐξαγοράζεται τόν καιρόν φρονίμως καί καταπραγματεύεται τῶν πονηρῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς. Καί ἵνα τοῦτο σαφέστερον γένηται, ἐκ τῶν ἐπισυμβαινόντων καθ᾿ ἑκάστην τῷ βίῳ τόν λόγον ποιήσομαι.

Ὁ εἰδώς καλῶς τόν παρόντα πραγματεύσασθαι καιρόν, ὅποταν θλίψεις ἐπενεχθῶσι καί ὀνείδη καί ἀτιμίαι καί σκώμματα, ὡς γνωρίζων τά χρήματα καί τό ἐξ αὐτῶν κέρδος σαφῶς προειδώς, ἁρπάζει ταῦτα καί αἴρει ἐπ᾿ ὤμων αὐτοῦ καί χαίρων πορεύεται, ὑπομονήν μόνην ἀντί χρυσίου καταβαλλόμενος καί οὕτως ἐξαγοράζεται τόν καιρόν ἐν μιᾷ ῥοπῇ, ὅν ἕτεροι ἐν πολλοῖς ἔτεσι νηστεύοντες, ἀγρυπνοῦντες, χαμευνοῦντες καί πολλά οἴκαδε κοπιῶντες, εὑρεῖν ἤ λαβεῖν ἤ κερδῆσαι οὐ δύνανται. Ὁ δέ μή εἰδώς οὕτως πραγματεύσασθαι ἀπόλλει τόν καιρόν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτοῦ. Εἰ δοκεῖ δέ, καί ἄλλως ἐν ὑποδείγματι τόν λόγον γυμνάσωμεν. ∆ύο τινῶν εἰς παράβασιν ἐντολῆς Θεοῦ τυραννικῶς προσκαλουμένων ὑπό τινος, εἰ ὁ μέν αὐτῶν δειλίᾳ καί φόβῳ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπενεχθῆναι αὐτῷ κολάσεων καί τιμωριῶν φυγῇ χρήσοιτο καί ἀπελθών κρυβηθῇ, (351) ὁ δέ γε ἕτερος παρρησιάσεται καί πολλάς ὑπέρ τῆς ἐντολῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ βασάνους ὑπενέγκῃ, ἤ καί θάνατον αὐτόν ὑποστῇ, ποῖος