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having engaged in trade, even if he was with them, has he lost the opportunity, having gained nothing from being found at the festival? And if, again, others, in expectation of profit, despise the assault of robbers and the weariness of the journey and the long road, but he, struck by fear of these things, even if he is urged by all to journey with them, even if he hears them promising to guard him from the evils he expects, does not choose to follow them and go away to trade with them at the festival, have not the ones redeemed the time, having traded well and made a profit, while the other foolishly lost it, having feared there a fear where there was no fear?

Thus, therefore, it is also with every spiritual action and labor. For when others walk in the commandments of God and work out all the virtues with diligence and fervor, (350) but we live in negligence and idleness, they have redeemed the time and have been greatly benefited, while we have lost both ourselves and the time. But let us examine the meaning further. What then does it say: "Redeeming the time, because the days are evil"? How then does one redeem the time, and what is this, and what are the evil days on account of which we ought to redeem the time? The time for every man's trade is this time of the present life; and of this life, the days are manifestly evil for those who do not use them well. Every man, therefore, who lives his life temperately and justly with a sound mind, and bears with fortitude and patience of soul the toilsome and grievous things of the temptations and tribulations that come upon him, whether from visible or invisible enemies, prudently redeems the time and makes a profit from the evil days of the present life. And that this may become clearer, I will make my argument from the things that happen every day in life.

He who knows well how to trade the present time, whenever tribulations and reproaches and dishonors and mockings are brought upon him, as one recognizing the goods and clearly foreseeing the profit from them, seizes these things and takes them upon his shoulders and goes on his way rejoicing, paying down only patience in place of gold, and thus redeems the time in the twinkling of an eye, which others, fasting for many years, keeping vigil, sleeping on the ground, and toiling much at home, are not able to find or receive or gain. But he who does not know how to trade in this way loses the time of his salvation. But if it seems good, let us also exercise the argument in another example. Of two men being tyrannically summoned by someone to transgress a commandment of God, if one of them, through cowardice and fear of the punishments and torments about to be inflicted upon him, should resort to flight and go away and hide, (351) but the other should speak boldly and endure many tortures for the sake of the commandment of God, or even undergo death itself, which of these has redeemed the time? The one who hid and escaped the tribulations, or the one who suffered much and endured or perhaps even died? It is very clear that by all means the one who endured the tribulations and did not refuse death is the one who has redeemed the time, while the other, along with the time, also forfeited the salvation of his own soul.

Therefore, those who think rightly, through the tribulations and temptations here, purchase the eternal good things and the unceasing gladness, and through bodily death, the eternal and immortal life and dwelling with the immortal and eternal God. And just as a merchant, finding many and very precious things being sold for a small price, perhaps for a single obol or coin, with joy and diligence pays it, desiring to receive those precious things, so also he who strives for the commandment of God chooses to die with gladness and diligence, as if through one obol, that is, death, he is about to acquire the eternal good things. But not so those who love the world,

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πραγματευσάμενος, εἰ καί συνῆν αὐτοῖς, ἐζημιώθη τόν καιρόν, μηδέν ἐκ τοῦ εὑρηθῆναι εἰς τήν πανήγυριν ὠφεληθείς; Εἰ δέ καί ἄλλοι μέν αὖθις τῇ προσδοκίᾳ τοῦ κέρδους καί λῃστῶν ἐφόδου καί κόπου ὁδοιπορίας καί μακρᾶς ὁδοῦ καταφρονοῦσιν, ὁ δέ, φόβῳ τούτων βαλλόμενος, κἄν ὑπό πάντων παρακαλῆται συνοδοιπορῆσαι αὐτοῖς, κἄν ὑποσχομένους φυλάττειν αὐτόν ἀκούῃ ἀπό τῶν προσδοκωμένων αὐτῷ κακῶν, οὐ προαιρεῖται ἀκολουθῆσαι αὐτοῖς καί ἀπελθεῖν πραγματεύσασθαι μετ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ πανηγύρει, οὐχί οἱ μέν καιρόν ἐξηγοράσαντο, καλῶς πραγματευσάμενοι καί κερδήσαντες, ὁ δέ τοῦτον ἀφρόνως ἐζημιώθη, φοβηθείς ἐκεῖ φόβον οὗ οὐκ ἦν φόβος;

Οὕτω τοιγαροῦν ἐστι καί ἐπί πάσῃ πράξει καί ἐργασίᾳ πνευματικῇ. Ὅταν γάρ ἄλλοι ἐν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς πορεύωνται τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τάς ἀρετάς πάσας μετά σπουδῆς καί θέρμης ἐργάζωνται, (350) ἡμεῖς δέ ἐν ἀμελείᾳ καί ἀργίᾳ διάγωμεν, ἐκεῖνοι μέν ἐξηγοράσαντο τόν καιρόν καί τά μέγιστα ὠφελήθησαν, ἡμεῖς δέ καί ἑαυτούς καί τόν καιρόν ἀπωλέσαμεν. Ἀλλά γάρ ἔτι τό νόημα ἐξετάσωμεν. Τί οὖν φησιν· «Ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τόν καιρόν, ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν»; Πῶς οὖν ἐξαγοράζεταί τις τόν καιρόν καί τίς ἐστιν οὗτος καί τίνες αἱ πονηραί ἡμέραι δι᾿ ἅς ὀφείλομεν ἐξαγοράζεσθαι τόν καιρόν; Καιρός πραγματείας ἀνθρώπου παντός ὁ χρόνος οὗτός ἐστι τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς· ταύτης δέ τῆς ζωῆς προδήλως πονηραί εἰσιν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῖς μή καλῶς χρωμένοις αὐταῖς. Πᾶς οὖν ὁ σωφρόνως καί δικαίως μετά φρονήματος ὑγιοῦς πολιτευόμενος ἐν τῷ βίῳ καί φέρων ἐν ἀδρίᾳ καί ὑπομονῇ ψυχῆς τά ἐπίπονα καί λυπηρά τῶν ἐπερχομένων αὐτῷ πειρασμῶν τε καί θλίψεων, εἴτε ἐξ ὁρατῶν, εἴτε ἐξ ἀοράτων ἐχθρῶν, ἐξαγοράζεται τόν καιρόν φρονίμως καί καταπραγματεύεται τῶν πονηρῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς. Καί ἵνα τοῦτο σαφέστερον γένηται, ἐκ τῶν ἐπισυμβαινόντων καθ᾿ ἑκάστην τῷ βίῳ τόν λόγον ποιήσομαι.

Ὁ εἰδώς καλῶς τόν παρόντα πραγματεύσασθαι καιρόν, ὅποταν θλίψεις ἐπενεχθῶσι καί ὀνείδη καί ἀτιμίαι καί σκώμματα, ὡς γνωρίζων τά χρήματα καί τό ἐξ αὐτῶν κέρδος σαφῶς προειδώς, ἁρπάζει ταῦτα καί αἴρει ἐπ᾿ ὤμων αὐτοῦ καί χαίρων πορεύεται, ὑπομονήν μόνην ἀντί χρυσίου καταβαλλόμενος καί οὕτως ἐξαγοράζεται τόν καιρόν ἐν μιᾷ ῥοπῇ, ὅν ἕτεροι ἐν πολλοῖς ἔτεσι νηστεύοντες, ἀγρυπνοῦντες, χαμευνοῦντες καί πολλά οἴκαδε κοπιῶντες, εὑρεῖν ἤ λαβεῖν ἤ κερδῆσαι οὐ δύνανται. Ὁ δέ μή εἰδώς οὕτως πραγματεύσασθαι ἀπόλλει τόν καιρόν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτοῦ. Εἰ δοκεῖ δέ, καί ἄλλως ἐν ὑποδείγματι τόν λόγον γυμνάσωμεν. ∆ύο τινῶν εἰς παράβασιν ἐντολῆς Θεοῦ τυραννικῶς προσκαλουμένων ὑπό τινος, εἰ ὁ μέν αὐτῶν δειλίᾳ καί φόβῳ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπενεχθῆναι αὐτῷ κολάσεων καί τιμωριῶν φυγῇ χρήσοιτο καί ἀπελθών κρυβηθῇ, (351) ὁ δέ γε ἕτερος παρρησιάσεται καί πολλάς ὑπέρ τῆς ἐντολῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ βασάνους ὑπενέγκῃ, ἤ καί θάνατον αὐτόν ὑποστῇ, ποῖος τούτων ἐξηγοράσατο τόν καιρόν; Ὁ κρυβείς καί τάς θλίψεις διεκφυγών, ἤ ὁ πολλά παθών καί ὑπενεγκών ἤ καί ἴσως ἀποθανών; Εὔδηλον ὅτι πάντως ὁ τάς θλίψεις ὑπομείνας καί τόν θάνατον μή παραιτησάμενος οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τόν καιρόν ἐξαγορασάμενος, ὁ ἕτερος δέ σύν τῷ καιρῷ καί τήν σωτηρίαν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῆς ἐζημιώθη.

Τοιγαροῦν οἱ ὀρθῶς φρονοῦντες διά θλίψεων καί πειρασμῶν τῶν ἐνταῦθα, τά αἰώνια ἀγαθά καί τήν ἄληκτον εὐφροσύνην ἀξαγοράζονται καί διά τοῦ σωματικοῦ θανάτου τήν μετά τοῦ ἀθανάτου καί αἰωνίου Θεοῦ αἰώνιον καί ἀθάνατον διαγωγήν τε καί κατοικίαν. Καί καθάπερ ἔμπορος, πολλά τινα καί πολύτιμα εὑρών πράγματα, ὀλίγῳ τιμήματι πιπρασκόμενα, ὀβολῷ τυχόν ἑνί ἤ νομίσματι, μετά χαρᾶς αὐτό καί ἐν σπουδῇ ἀποδίδωσι, τά τίμια ἐκεῖνα λαβεῖν ἐφιέμενος, οὕτω καί ὁ ὑπέρ ἐντολῆς Θεοῦ ἀγωνιζόμενος ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ καί σπουδῇ θανεῖν αἵρεται, ὡς δι᾿ ὀβολοῦ ἑνός, τοῦ θανάτου λέγω, τά αἰώνια μέλλων κτήσασθαι ἀγαθά. Οὐχ οὕτως δέ οἱ φιλόκοσμοι,