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the secret of simplicity, he adds: "in which, beholding the light of the invisible and ineffable glory, they also become receptive of the blessed purity with the powers above." But from where do we know that this light is also deification? Listen again to the same man: for having spoken, as far as possible, of the manner of God's union with those being deified, that it happens in the manner of a soul to a body, so that the whole man might be deified, being divinely wrought by the grace of the incarnate God, he adds: "the whole man remaining in soul and body through the grace and the divine radiance of the blessed glory which wholly befits him." Did you see that that light is the radiance of God? What then, is the radiance of God a created thing? But listen to what follows: "after which it is not possible to conceive of anything more radiant or more sublime; for what is more lovely than deification for those who are worthy?" Have you heard that this radiance is deification and that for those deemed worthy there is nothing more sublime than this vision? But do you wish to learn that this is that through which God is united to the worthy? Listen again to what follows: "in which God, being united to those who have become gods, makes the whole his own through goodness." This, then, is the deifying gift, which the most brilliant luminary from the Areopagus of Athens, having called it divinity, says that God is beyond it. Where then for you is the knowledge and the imitation and the negation, through which you hasten to take away from the many also the knowledge from faith of that which is beyond us and truly the imitation of God?

"But he has not also said that God is beyond that which by pre-eminence is not," he says, "even if he called him beyond this divinity." To you at least he has not said it, I know well; for he speaks not to (p. 720) your things, but into the ears of those who hear; for he is blessed. For when he says that God has the supra-essential in a supra-essential way, what else does he say than that since that which by pre-eminence is not is supra-essential, God is beyond this, having the supra-essential in a supra-essential way? And what of the one who says, or rather those who say, "for they are one" according to the Lord's prayer, and through one we bring forward all the saints—what then of those who say that God is infinitely removed from the deification that is according to supra-essentiality? And what of the one who said that the pre-eminence of God is beyond all affirmation and negation? Do they not say that God is beyond that which by pre-eminence is not, and beyond the uncreated immortality and life and goodness, even if you, unable to gaze upon the height of their sound theology, alas for the audacity, alas for the deception you have suffered, have clearly called those who say this impious and have renounced them all? But they, taking no account of you and your groveling opinion and your all-daring tongue, also added the "infinitely many times infinitely" to all such things concerning the divine pre-eminence, knowing it to be ineffable by all common concepts and all words. But enough of these things.

But how this man has made virtue a vice must be shown in brief. He says that dispassion is the habitual mortification of the passionate part. "For its energies," he says, "most of all blind and bury the divine eye; one must therefore not allow this to be active according to any of its own power." Alas! How do hatred for evil things and love for God and neighbor bury the divine eye? For these too are energies of the passionate part; for by this power of the soul we both love and are turned away, we both appropriate and are estranged; therefore the lovers of good things (p. 722) make a transposition of this power but not a mortification, not having shut it up inactive within themselves, but having shown it active in love for God and neighbor, on which two commandments, according to the word of the Lord, "all the Law and the Prophets hang." But if these things bury the divine eye and make the one living according to them passionate, which of the other virtues is not a vice? Therefore we have shown each of these things both through our former discourses and in what we have now set forth, having recounted and refuted also whatever things [were said] against us

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ἁπλότητος κρύφιον, ἐπάγει˙ «καθ᾿ ὅν τῆς ἀφανοῦς καί ὑπεραρρήτου δόξης τό φῶς ἐποπτεύοντες, τῆς μακαρίας μετά τῶν ἄνω δυνάμεων καί αὐτοί δεκτικοί γίνονται καθαρότητος». Ἀλλά πόθεν ὅτι καί θέωσις τουτί τό φῶς; Τοῦ αὐτοῦ πάλιν ἄκουσον˙ εἰπών γάρ τόν τρόπον ὡς ἐφικτόν τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ πρός τούς θεοποιουμένους ἑνώσεως, ὡς ψυχῆς πρός σῶμα γίνεται τρόπον, ἵν᾿ ὅλος ἄνθρωπος θεωθῇ, τῇ τοῦ ἐνανθρωπήσαντος Θεοῦ χάριτι θεουργούμενος, ἐπάγει˙ «ὅλος ἄνθρωπος μένων κατά ψυχήν καί σῶμα διά τήν χάριν καί τήν ἐμπρέπουσαν αὐτῷ διόλου θείαν τῆς μακαρίας δόξης λαμπρότητα». Εἶδες ὡς λαμπρότης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστι τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο; Τί οὖν, ἡ λαμπρότης τοῦ Θεοῦ κτιστόν; Ἀλλά τῶν ἑξῆς ἄκουε˙ «μεθ᾿ ἥν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπινοῆσαί τι λαμπρότερον ἤ ὑψηλότερον˙ τί γάρ θεώσεως τοῖς ἀξίοις ἐρασμιώτερον;». Ἤκουσας ὅτι ἡ λαμπρότης αὕτη θέωσίς ἐστι καί ὡς οὐδέν τοῖς ἀξιωθεῖσιν ὑψηλότερον τῆς θεωρίας ταύτης; Ἀλλά θέλεις μαθεῖν ὡς αὕτη ἐστί δι᾿ ἧς τοῖς ἀξίοις ὁ Θεός ἑνοῦται; Τῶν ἑξῆς αὖθις ἄκουσον˙ «καθ᾿ ἥν ὁ Θεός, θεοῖς γενομένοις ἑνούμενος, τό πᾶν ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖται δι᾿ ἀγαθότητα». Τοῦτ᾿ ἄρα τό θεοποιόν ἐστι δῶρον, ὅ θεότητα καλέσας ὁ ἐξ Ἀρείου Πάγου τῶν Ἀθηνῶν φανότατος φωστήρ ἐπέκεινα ταύτης εἶναι λέγει τόν Θεόν. Ποῦ δή σοι ἡ γνῶσις καί ἡ μίμησις καί ἡ ἀφαίρεσις, δι᾿ ὧν σύ σπεύδεις ἀφαιρεὶσθαι τῶν πολλῶν καί τήν ἐκ πίστεως γνῶσιν τῆς ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς καί ὄντως θεομιμησίας;

«Ἀλλ᾿ οὐχί καί ὑπέρ τό καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὄν τόν Θεόν εἴρηκε», φησίν, «εἰ καί ὑπέρ ταύτην τήν θεότητα προσεῖπε τοῦτον». Σοί γε οὐκ εἴρηκεν, εὖ οἶδα˙ λαλεῖ γάρ οὐκ εἰς (σελ. 720) τά σά, ἀλλ᾿ εἰς ὦτα ἀκουόντων˙ ἔστι γάρ μακάριος. Ὅταν γάρ λέγῃ τόν Θεόν ὑπερουσίως ἔχειν τό ὑπερούσιον, τί γε ἄλλο λέγει ἤ ὅτι ἐπεί ὑπερούσιόν ἐτι τό καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὄν, ὑπέρ τοῦτο ὁ Θεός ἐστιν, ὑπερουσίως ἔχων τό ὑπερούσιον; Τί δέ ὁ λέγων, μᾶλλον δέ οἱ λέγοντες, "ἕν γάρ εἰσι" κατά τήν δεσποτικήν εὐχήν καί δι᾿ ἑνός τούς ἁγίους ἅπαντας προάγομεν, τί οὖν οἱ λέγοντες τῆς καθ᾿ ὑπερουσιότητα θέωσεως ἀπείρως ἐξῃρημένον εἶναι τόν Θεόν; Τί δέ ὁ εἰπών πάσης θέσεως καί ἀφαιρέσεως ἐπέκεινα εἶναι τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπεροχήν; Ἆρ᾿ οὐχ ὑπέρ τό καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὄν, καί ὑπέρ τήν ἄκτιστον ἀθανασίαν καί ζωήν καί ἀγαθότητά φασιν εἶναι τόν Θεόν, εἰ καί σύ τούς τοῦτο λέγοντας, πρός τό τῆς αὐτῶν ἀσφαλοῦς θεολογίας ὕψος ἀτενίζειν οὐ δυνάμενος, φεῦ τῆς τόλμης, φεῦ τῆς ἀπάτης ἥν ἐπεπόνθεις, ἀσεβεῖς τρανῶς προσείρηκας καί ἀπεκήρυξας ἅπαντας; Ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνοι σοῦ καί τῆς σῆς χαμαιζήλου γνώμης καί τῆς πάντα τολμώσης γλώττης μηδένα λόγον ποιούμενοι, καί τό "ἀπειράκις ἀπείρως" ἐπί τῶν τοιούτων πάντων τῇ θείᾳ προσέθηκαν ὑπεροχῇ, κοινῇ πάσαις ἐννοίαις καί πᾶσι ρήμασιν ἄφραστον εἰδότες αὐτήν. Ἀλλά τούτων μέν ἅλις.

Ὅπως δέ καί τήν ἀρετήν κακίαν οὗτος ἐποίησεν, ὡς ἐν βραχεῖ δεικτέον. Ἀπάθειαν εἶναι λέγει τήν τοῦ παθητικοῦ καθ᾿ ἕξιν νέκρωσιν. «Αἱ γάρ τούτου», φησίν, «ἐνέργειαι μάλιστα πάντων ἐκτυφλοῦσι καί κατορύττουσι τό θεῖον ὄμμα˙ δεῖ δή κατά μηδεμίαν ἑαυτοῦ δύναμιν τοῦτο ἐνεργόν ἐᾶν». Βαβαί˙ πῶς κατορύττει τό θεῖον ὄμμα τά πρός τά πονηρά μῖσος καί ἡ πρός τόν Θεόν καί τόν πλησίον ἀγάπη; Καί ταῦτα γάρ τοῦ παθητικοῦ εἰσιν ἐνέργειαι˙ ταύτῃ γάρ τῇ δυνάμει τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγαπῶμέν τε καί ἀποτρεπόμεθα, οἰκειούμεθά τε καί ἀλλοτριούμεθα˙ μετάθεσιν τοίνυν οἱ ἐρασταί τῶν καλῶν (σελ. 722) ποιοῦται τῆς δυνάμεως ταύτης ἀλλ᾿ οὐχί νέκρωσιν, οὐκ ἀκίνητον κατακλείσαντες ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ἀλλ᾿ ἐνεργόν δείξαντες ἐν τῇ πρός τόν Θεόν καί τόν πλησίον ἀγάπῃ, αἷς δυσίν ἐντολαῖς κατά τόν τοῦ Κυρίου λόγον «ἅπας ὁ νόμος καί οἱ προφῆται κρέμανται». Εἰ δ᾿ αὕται τό θεῖον ὄμμα κατορύττουσι καί τόν κατ᾿ αὐτάς ζῶντα ἐμπαθῆ ποιοῦσι, τίς τῶν ἄλλων ἀρετῶν οὐ κακία; Τούτων μέν οὖν ἕκαστον διά τε τῶν προτέρων ἡμετέρων λόγων κἀν τοῖς νῦν ἡμῖν προτεθειμένοις ἐδείξαμεν, καταλέξαντες καί ἐξελέγξαντες καί ὅσα καθ᾿ ἡμῶν