154

Let us see, then, what this table of the Apostle is and what its foods are. But let us lift up our minds from earthly and perishable things and, as we are about to hear the oracles of God, let us pay attention to what is said with all exactness, so that we may be deemed worthy to feast worthily with the Spirit who speaks through the Apostle the hidden mysteries of the kingdom of heaven. (356) For he says: "The first man was from the earth, a man of dust; the second man is the Lord, from heaven." Do not simply pass over the saying and suppose it is easy to grasp, beloved; for a great depth of thoughts lies in the meaning of the present saying, requiring much investigation and attention. But prepare your hearing, and you shall know the depth of the mysteries of God hidden in it.”

“The first man was from the earth, a man of dust; the second man is the Lord from heaven. As was the man of dust, so also are those who are of the dust; and as is the man of heaven, so also are those who are of heaven.” He calls Adam the first and earthy man, as it is written: “And God formed the man of dust from the earth.” Having been formed, therefore, earthy from the earth and having received a breath of life, which the Word knows to call a rational soul and image of God, he was placed in paradise, having received a commandment to cultivate and to keep it. In what way? So that, as long as he should keep it and work in it, he might remain immortal and eternally rival the angels and with them unceasingly hymn God and receive the illuminations from thence and see God with his mind and hear his divine voices, but at whatever hour he should transgress the commandment given to him and eat from the tree from which God commanded him not to eat, he would be delivered to death and be blinded in the eyes of his soul, stripped of the garment of divine glory, and his ears would be stopped and he would fall from that very life with the angels and be driven out of paradise. Which also happened to him when he transgressed, and he fell from immortal and eternal life. For once Adam transgressed the commandment of God and offered his ear for the deceitful devil to whisper and was persuaded by him, having been beguiled by his crafty words, (357) speaking against the Lord who made him, he tasted of the tree and, looking up with his senses, and seeing and beholding with passion the nakedness of his body, he was justly deprived of all good things, becoming deaf so as no longer to hear divine words with profane ears in a manner befitting God and spiritually, which resound only to those who are worthy of them, nor indeed to behold that ineffable glory, as he had willingly turned his mind away from it and observed with passion the fruit of the tree and believed the serpent who said: “For in the hour you eat of it, you will be as gods, knowing good and evil.

This man of dust, therefore, having been deceived by the hope of deification and partaking of it, was completely deprived of all intelligible and heavenly goods and was brought down to the passionate perception of earthly and visible creatures; and he became, to say the same things again, deaf, blind, naked, unfeeling toward those things from which he had fallen, and moreover mortal and corruptible and irrational, likened to senseless beasts according to the prophet who cries thus: “He was compared to senseless beasts and was likened to them.” Have you learned from what glory and immortal delight and life man was brought down into what dishonor, into what shame and ignorance, into what poverty he fell from most blessed wealth? Thus, therefore, did he become and was, even if we were not able to say everything, the first man, the one of dust from the earth.

Let us see, therefore, and be taught from the divine Scriptures what sort of person the second man is, the Lord from heaven. He, God from God, unoriginate offspring of an unoriginate father, incorporeal from the incorporeal, incomprehensible from the incomprehensible, eternal from the eternal, unapproachable from the unapproachable, uncontainable from the uncontainable, (358) immortal from the immortal, invisible from the invisible, Word of God and God, through whom all things were made that are in heaven that are

154

Ἴδωμεν οὖν τίς ἡ τράπεζα αὕτη τοῦ Ἀποστόλου καί τί τά ταύτης ἐδέσματα. Ἀλλ᾿ ἐπάρωμεν τάς διανοίας ἡμῶν ἀπό τῶν γηΐνων καί φθειρομένων καί, ὡς λογίων Θεοῦ μέλλοντες ἀκούειν, προσέχωμεν τοῖς λεγομένοις μετά ἀκριβείας ἁπάσης, ἵνα καί ἀξίως συνεστιαθῆναι ἀξιωθῶμεν τῷ λέγοντι Πνεύματι διά τοῦ Ἀποστόλου τά κεκρυμμένα μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν. (356) Φησί δέ· «Ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος ἐκ γῆς χοϊκός, ὁ δεύτερος ἄνθρωπος ὁ Κύριος, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ». Μή ἁπλῶς παραδράμῃς τόν λόγον καί ὡς εὐεπίβολον τοῦτον ὑπολάβῃς, ἀγαπητέ· βάθος γάρ πολύ νοημάτων ἔγκειται εἰς τήν τοῦ παρόντος λόγου διάνοιαν, πολλῆς δεόμενον τῆς ἐρεύνης καί προσοχῆς. Ἀλλά τήν ἀκοήν ὑπόθες ἑτοίμην, καί εἴσῃ τό ἐγκεκρυμμένον ἐν αὐτῷ βάθος τῶν μυστηρίων Θεοῦ.»

«Ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος ἐκ γῆς χοϊκός, ὁ δεύτερος ἄνθρωπος ὁ Κύριος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ. Οἷος ὁ χοϊκός, τοιοῦτοι καί οἱ χοϊκοί· καί οἷος ὁ ἐπουράνιος, τοιοῦτοι καί οἱ ἐπουράνιοι». Πρῶτον καί χοϊκόν ἄνθρωπον τόν Ἀδάμ φησι, καθώς γέγραπται· «Καί ἔπλασεν ὁ Θεός τόν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβών ἀπό τῆς γῆς». Πλασθείς οὖν χοϊκός ἀπό τῆς γῆς καί πνεῦμα λαβών ζωῆς, ὅ ψυχήν νοεράν καί εἰκόνα Θεοῦ οἶδεν ὁ Λόγος καλεῖν, ἐτέθη ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ, λαβών ἐντολήν ἐργάζεσθαι καί φυλάσσειν. Τίνα τρόπον; Ἵνα, ἕως ἄν ταύτην φυλάσσοι καί ἐν ταύτῃ ἐργάζοιτο, ἀθάνατος διαμένῃ καί ἀϊδίως τοῖς ἀγγέλοις συναμιλλᾶται καί σύν αὐτοῖς ἀενάως τόν Θεόν ἀνυμνῇ καί δέχηται τάς ἐκεῖθεν ἐλλάμψεις καί Θεόν ὁρᾷ νοερῶς καί τῶν ἐκείνου ἐπακούῃ θείων φωνῶν, ᾗ δ᾿ ἄν ὥρᾳ τήν δοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ ἐντολήν παραβῇ καί φάγῃ ἀπό τοῦ ξύλου, οὗ προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεός μή φαγεῖν, θανάτῳ παραδοθῇ καί τούς ὀφθαλμούς τῆς ψυχῆς πηρωθῇ, τήν καταστολήν τῆς θείας δόξης ἀποδυθείς, καί ἐμφραγῇ τά ὦτα καί αὐτῆς τῆς μετά τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐκπέσῃ διαγωγῆς καί τοῦ παραδείσου ἐκδιωχθῇ. Ὅ καί παραβάντι συνέβη καί ἐξέπεσε τῆς ἀθανάτου καί ἀϊδίου ζωῆς. Ἅπαξ γάρ τήν ἐντολήν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὁ Ἀδάμ παραβάς καί τῷ ἀπατεῶνι διαβόλῳ τό οὖς ἑαυτοῦ παρασχών ψιθυρίσαι καί πεισθείς αὐτῷ, τῶν δολίων αὐτοῦ ῥημάτων ἀκουτισθείς, (357) λαλοῦντι κατά τοῦ πεποιηκότος ∆εσπότου, τοῦ ξύλου ἐγεύσατο καί, αἰσθητῶς ἀναβλέψας, ἐμπαθῶς τε τήν γύμνωσιν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ θεασάμενος καί ἰδών, ἁπάντων ἐστερήθη δικαίως τῶν ἀγαθῶν, κωφεύσας τοῦ μηκέτι ἐπακούειν ὠσί βεβήλοις λόγους θείους θεοπρεπῶς τε καί πνευματικῶς, τούς ἐνηχουμένους μόνοις τοῖς ἀξίοις αὐτοῖς, ἀλλά γάρ μήτε τήν δόξαν ἐκείνην τήν ἄρρητον καθορᾶν, ὡς ἀποστήσας ἐκ ταύτης ἑκουσίως τόν νοῦν αὐτοῦ καί κατανοήσας ἐμπαθῶς τόν τοῦ δένδρου καρπόν καί τῷ εἰπόντι πιστεύσας ὄφει· «Ἧ δ᾿ ἄν ὥρᾳ φάγητε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἔσεσθε ὡς θεοί, γινώσκοντες καλόν καί πονηρόν.

Οὗτος οὖν ὁ χοϊκός ἄνθρωπος ἐλπίδι θεώσεως ἀπατηθείς καί μεταλαβών ἐξ αὐτοῦ, τόν νοητῶν ἁπάντων καί οὐρανίων ἀγαθῶν ὁλικῶς ἀπεστερήθη καί εἰς τήν ἐμπαθῆ τῶν ἐπιγείων καί ὁρωμένων κτισμάτων αἴσθησιν κατηνέχθη· καί γέγονεν, ἵνα τά αὐτά πάλιν εἴπω, πρός τά ἐξ ὧν ἐξέπεσε κωφός, τυφλός, γυμνός, ἀναίσθητος, θνητός τε αὖ καί φθαρτός καί ἄλογος, τοῖς ἀνοήτοις ὁμοιωθείς κτήνεσι κατά τόν οὕτω βοῶντα προφήτην· «Παρασυνεβλήθη τοῖς κτήνεσι τοῖς ἀνοήτοις καί ὡμοιώθη αὐτοῖς». Ἔμαθες ἐξ οἵας δόξης καί ἀθανάτου τρυφῆς τε καί διαγωγῆς εἰς οἵαν ἀτιμίαν ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατηνέχθη, εἰς οἵαν αἰσχύνην καί ἄγνοιαν, εἰς οἴαν πτωχείαν ἐκ πλούτου πολυόλβου κατέπεσεν; Οὕτω τοίνυν ἐγένετο καί ἦν, εἰ καί μή πάντα εἰπεῖν ἠδυνήθημεν, ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος, ὁ ἐκ γῆς χοϊκός.

Ἴδωμεν οὖν καί ἀπό τῶν θείων διδαχθῶμεν Γραφῶν ὁποῖος ὑπάρχει καί ὁ δεύτερον ἄνθρωπος, ὁ Κύριος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ. Οὗτος, Θεός ἐκ Θεοῦ, ἀνάρχου πατρός ἄναρχον γέννημα, ἀσωμάτου ἀσώματον, ἀκαταλήπτου ἀκατάληπτον, αἰωνίου αἰώνιον, ἀπροσίτου ἀπρόσιτον, ἀχωρήτου ἀχώρητον, (358) ἀθανάτου ἀθάνατον, ἀοράτου ἀόρατον, Λόγος Θεοῦ καί Θεός, δι᾿ οὗ τά πάντα ἐγένετο τά ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ τά