158

DISCOURSE 14 (365)

Concerning feasts and how one ought to celebrate, and of what the rites performed at the feasts are symbols, and against those who put on airs in them. And concerning those who commune worthily or unworthily and what is the difference among them; and toward the end, how one is united to God through communion and how one is not united.

He who has been able to understand and perceive that naked, having been brought forth from non-being, into the

world he entered, this man will know Him who made him and will fear and love Him alone, and will serve Him with his whole soul, and will in no way prefer the things that are seen to Him, but knowing with full assurance that he is a stranger to all earthly things, and I might even say to those in heaven, he gives over the whole intention of his soul to the service of Him who made him. For if he is a stranger to the things from which he was formed and among which he lives, how much more so to those from which he is very distant both in nature and in substance and in way of life. But he who has recognized that he is a stranger to earthly things, and knows that he entered naked into this theater and is about to depart from it naked again, how will he not mourn? How will he not weep, not only for himself, but also for all men of the same race and the same nature as he? But he who loves and fears God alone, how will he be gladdened in a bodily way, or celebrate in a bodily way according to the custom of men, so ignorantly and thoughtlessly, (366) as the Lord is ever saying to such people: “The world will rejoice, but you will be sorrowful; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world. For I will rise in you, when the inferior world has been swallowed up by the life that is awarded to all from my Spirit; and when you see me, your heart will rejoice, and no one will take your joy from you.” How then can he who sees the heavenly Master come to desire any earthly thing, or think of anything that does not please God? And how will he who knows with full assurance that he is a stranger, naked and poor, even if he possesses all things, to speak apostolically, adorn himself, or be puffed up by what he does, or be proud because of a multitude of candles and lamps, and because of perfumes and myrrh, or a gathering of people, or an abundant and costly table, and boast in the grand appearance of friends and the presence of glorious men of the earth? In no way, then. For he knows that all these things and all people together exist today and pass away tomorrow, appearing today and disappearing a little later. For such a man, who knows how to celebrate well, does not have his mind or his senses at all on what is happening—for this is for those who imagine nothing more than the things that are seen—, but as present in the rites being performed, he sees with his wise mind the things to come and in them his heart rejoices and seems to be wholly in them and with those celebrating in heaven the multitude of the people, or the gathering of friends, but he always considers what will be in a little while, that the former will be extinguished, and the latter will depart, each to his own, and he himself will be left alone in darkness. Do not, then, count for me times and months and seasons (367), nor say to me, “Behold, I have celebrated the birth of Christ, the Presentation, the Theophany, the Resurrection, the Ascension, the descent of the Spirit.” Do not say these things to me nor count all the feasts, but neither consider these things to be sufficient for the salvation of your soul, nor think that the feast for you consists in splendid garments and proud horses and costly myrrh, and in candles and lamps and a multitude of people. For these things do not make the feast splendid, nor is this a true feast, but symbols of a feast. For what is the benefit to me, beloved, not to mention lighting many candles and lamps in the

158

ΛΟΓΟΣ Ι∆΄ (365)

Περί ἑορτῶν καί ὅπως χρή ἑορτάζειν καί τίνων σύμβολα τά τελούμενα ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς καί κατά τῶν ἐναβρυνομένων ἐν αὐταῖς. Καί περί τῶν ἀξίως ἤ ἀναξίως κοινωνούντων καί τίς ἡ ἐν τούτοις διαφορά· καί πρός τό τέλος, πῶς συνάπτεταί τις διά τῆς κοινωνίας Θεῷ καί πῶς οὐ συνάπτεται.

Ὁ συνιέναι καί συνιδεῖν δυνηθείς ὅτι γυμνός ἐκ τοῦ μή ὄντος παραχθείς εἰς τόν

κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, οὗτος τόν ποιήσαντα αὐτόν ἐπιγνώσεται καί μόνον αὐτόν φοβηθήσεται καί ἀγαπήσει καί αὐτῷ δουλεύσει ἐξ ὅλης ψυχῆς καί οὐδέν οὐδαμῶς, προτιμήσει τῶν ὁρωμένων αὐτοῦ, ἀλλά ξένον πάντων τῶν ἐπιγείων, εἰπεῖν δέ καί αὐτῶν τῶν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ἑαυτόν εἶναι ἐν πάσῃ πληροφορίᾳ εἰδώς, ὅλην αὐτοῦ τήν πρόθεσιν τῆς ψυχῆς εἰς τήν θεραπείαν τοῦ πεποιηκότος αὐτόν ἐκδίδωσιν. Εἰ γάρ ἐξ ὧν ἐπλάσθη καί ἐν οἷς διάγει ξένος ἐστί, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκείνων ὧν κατά πολύ ἀφέστηκε καί τῇ φύσει καί τῇ οὐσίᾳ καί τῇ διαγωγῇ. Ὁ δέ γε ξένον ἑαυτόν ὄντα τῶν ἐπιγείων ἐπεγνωκώς καί εἰδώς ὅτι γυμνός ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ τούτῳ εἰσῆλθε καί γυμνός πάλιν ἐξέρχεσθαι τούτου μέλλει, πῶς οὐχί πενθήσει; Πῶς δέ οὐ κλαύσει οὐχ ἑαυτόν μόνον, ἀλλά καί πάντας τούς ὁμογενεῖς καί ὁμοιοπαθεῖς αὐτῷ ἀνθρώπους; Ὁ δέ καί τόν Θεόν μόνον ἀγαπῶν καί φοβούμενος, πῶς σωματικῶς εὐφρανθήσεται, ἤ σωματικῶς κατά τήν τῶν ἀνθρώπων συνήθειαν οὕτω πως ἀγνώστως ἑορτάσει καί ἀλογίστως, (366) αὐτοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου πρός τούς τοιούτους ἀεί λεγοντος· «Ὁ κόσμος χαρήσεται, ὑμεῖς δέ λυπηθήσεσθε· ἀλλά θαρσεῖτε, ἐγώ νενίκηκα τόν κόσμον. Ἀναστήσομαι γάρ ἐν ὑμῖν, καταποθέντος τοῦ χείρονος κόσμου ὑπό τῆς ζωῆς τῆς βραβευομένης πᾶσιν ἐκ τοῦ ἐμοῦ Πνεύματος· καί ἰδόντες με, χαρήσεται ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία καί τήν χαράν ὑμῶν οὐδείς αἴρει ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν». Πῶς οὖν ὁ τόν οὐράνιον βλέπων ∆εσπότην ἐπιγείου τινός ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ γένηται πράγματος, ἤ ἐννοήσει τι ὅ μή ἀρέσκει Θεῷ; Πῶς δέ ὁ καί ξένον ἑαυτόν εἰδώς ἐν πληροφορίᾳ γυμνόν τε καί πένητα, εἰ καί τά πάντα κατέχει, ἀποστολικῶς εἰπεῖν, ἐγκαλλωπισθήσεται, ἤ ἐφ᾿ οἷς ἄρα ποιεῖ ἐπαρθήσεται, ἤ ἐπί πλήθει κηρῶν καί λύχνων μεγάλα φρονήσει καί ἐπί ἀρώμασι καί μύροις, ἤ συνάξει λαοῦ, ἤ εὐθηνούσῃ τραπέζῃ καί πολυτελεῖ, καί φίλων παριφανείᾳ καί παρουσίᾳ ἐνδόξων ἀνδρῶν τῶν ἐπί τῆς γῆς ἐγκαυχήσεται; Οὐδαμῶς οὖν. Οἶδε γάρ ταῦτα πάντα καίπάντας ὁμοῦ τήν σήμερον ὄντας καί παρερχομένους τήν αὔριον, σήμερον τά παρόντα φαινόμενα καί μετ᾿ ὀλίγον ἀφανιζόμενα. Οὐδέ γάρ ἔχει πρός τά γινόμενα ὁ τοιοῦτος καί τό ἑορτάζειν καλῶς ἐπιστάμενος ἤ τόν νοῦν ἑαυτοῦ ἤ τήν αἴσθησιν ὅλως - τοῦτο γάρ τῶν μηδέν πλέον τῶν ὁρωμένων φανταζομένων ἐστίν , ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐνεστῶτα ἐν τοῖς τελουμένοις ὁρᾷ σοφῷ τῷ νοΐ τά μέλλοντα καί ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς τήν καρδίαν εὐφραίνεται καί δοκεῖ ὅλον ἐν ἐκεῖνοις ἑαυτόν εἶναι καί μετά τῶν ἑορταζόντων εἰς οὐρανούς τό πλῆθος τοῦ λαοῦ, ἤ τήν τῶν φίλων συνέλευσιν, ἀλλά τό μετ᾿ ὀλίγον ἀεί ἐννοεῖ, ὅτι δή τά μέν σβεσθήσονται, οἱ δέ ἀπελεύσονται ἕκαστος εἰς τά ἴδια καί μόνος αὐτός ἐν ἐν σκότει καταλειφθήσεται. Μή δή οὖν μοι χρόνους καί μῆνας καί καιρῶν περιόδους (367) ἀρίθμει, μηδέ λέγε μοι «Ἰδού ἑώρτασα τήν Χριστοῦ γέννησιν, τήν Ὑπαπαντήν, τά Θεοφάνια, τήν Ἀνάστασιν, τήν Ἀνάληψιν, τήν τοῦ Πνεύματος κάθοδον». Μή ταῦτά μοι λέγει μηδέ πάσας ἀρίθμει τάς ἑορτάς, ἀλλά μηδέ ἀρκεῖν σοι ταύτας λογίζου πρός σωτηρίαν ψυχῆς μηδέ ἐν λαμπροῖς ἱματίοις καί ἀγερώχοις ἵπποις καί μύροις πολυτίμοις, κηροῖς τε καί λύχνοις καί πλήθει λαοῦ, τήν ἑορτήν σοι νόμιζε εἶναι. Ταῦτα γάρ λαμπράν τήν ἑορτήν οὐ ποιεῖ οὐδέ ἀληθής ἑορτή ἐστι τοῦτο, ἀλλά σύμβολα ἑορτῆς. Τί γάρ μοι ὄφελος, ἀγαπητέ, μή εἴπω κηρούς καί λύχνους ἀνάψαι πολλούς ἐν τῷ