167

let us endure evils. But that just man took none of these things into account, but looked to one thing alone, how he might be able to bind on the crown of long-suffering. 63.780 For it was not so wonderful, if when alone and by himself he spared the one who had grieved him, as it is now astonishing that he did this very thing in the presence of others; and of companions who were not reasonable and moderate men, but soldiers who had learned to make war, and had despaired from their many labors, and desired to breathe a little, and knew that the entire release from their evils then lay in the slaughter of their enemy; and not only release from evils, but also the acquisition of countless goods; for nothing prevented the kingdom from passing immediately to him, once that one was slain. But nevertheless, with so many things provoking him, that noble man had the strength to overcome all these things, and to persuade them to spare the enemy. It is a great thing, then, for one to overcome even his own passions; but it is much greater to be able to persuade others also to acquire the same mind as himself. And yet many people, even those who seem to be philosophers, though they would not themselves deign to kill their enemies, would not choose to prevent them when they are about to be killed by others. But David was not so; but as if he had received some deposit, for which he was about to give an account, so he not only did not touch the enemy himself, but also prevented his companions who wanted to kill him, becoming a bodyguard instead of an enemy, and an excellent spear-bearer. So that one would not err in saying that David fell into greater danger then than Saul. For he did not endure an ordinary struggle, striving in every way to deliver him from their plot; nor did he fear so much when he himself was about to be slain, as he feared lest one of the soldiers, giving in to his anger, should destroy the man. For this reason he also composed such a defense: and they were the accusers, the sleeping man was the accused, his enemy was the defender, and God was the judge, and He ratified David's verdict. For without the impulse of God he would not have had the strength to overcome those raging men; but it was the grace of God, which sat upon his lips, and gave a certain persuasion to those words. Would not one then especially admire him for his magnanimity, that having taken his enemy into his hands while sleeping, and remaining motionless, and able to do nothing, not only did he not kill him himself, but he also prevented his companions who wished to? Therefore how was it likely that they would henceforth heed him, with how much good will would they be disposed towards him? For if they had ten thousand lives from then on, would they not have readily given them all for their general, having learned by deed, in his care for the enemy, his goodwill towards his own people? For he who is gentle and mild towards those who have grieved him, would he not be much more so disposed towards those who are well-disposed towards him? Would not one fittingly prove from this that David erected a greater trophy by sparing Saul than when he brought down Goliath and cut off the barbarian's head? For this victory is more brilliant than that one, and the trophy more glorious. For there he needed a sling and stones and battle array; but here reasoning did everything, and the victory was achieved without weapons, and the trophy was set up without bloodshed. When, therefore, he had won this beautiful and wonderful victory, the subject of the conflicts, Saul, at last arose from his sleep, and went out from the cave, knowing nothing of what had hap 63.781 pened to him. And David also went out behind, henceforth looking to heaven with free eyes; he went out, not carrying a barbarian's head, but a mortified passion, and a weakened anger, having given countless wounds to the enemy, and having saved Saul, but having stabbed the true enemy, the devil, with many blows; he went out having his right hand crowned along with his head; that right hand, which was strong enough to bring forth the sword clean, and bloodless to God

167

ὑποστῶμεν κακά. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων ὁ δίκαιος ἐκεῖνος ὑπελογίζετο, ἀλλ' εἰς ἓν ἔβλεπε μόνον, ὅπως τὸν τῆς ἀνεξικακίας ἀναδήσασθαι δυνήσηται στέφανον. 63.780 Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν οὕτω θαυμαστὸν, εἰ μόνος ὢν καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἐφείσατο τοῦ λελυπηκότος, ὡς νῦν παράδοξόν ἐστιν, ὅτι παρόντων ἑτέρων αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐποίησε· καὶ ἑταίρων οὐκ ἐπιεικῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ μετρίων, ἀλλὰ στρατιωτῶν καὶ πολεμεῖν μεμαθηκότων, καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀπεγνωκότων πόνοις, καὶ μικρὸν ἀναπνεῦσαι ἐπιθυμούντων, καὶ εἰδότων ὅτι τῶν κακῶν ἡ λύσις πᾶσα ἐν τῇ τοῦ πολεμίου σφαγῇ τότε ἔκειτο· οὐ μόνον δὲ λύσις κακῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μυρίων κτῆσις ἀγαθῶν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐκώλυεν, ἐκείνου σφαγέντος, ἐπὶ τοῦτον εὐθὺς διαβῆναι τὴν βασιλείαν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως τοσούτων ὄντων τῶν παροξυνόντων, ἴσχυσεν ὁ γενναῖος ἐκεῖνος πάντων περιγενέσθαι τούτων, καὶ πεῖσαι φείσασθαι τοῦ πολεμίου. Μέγα μὲν οὖν τὸ καὶ αὐτόν τινα τῶν οἰκείων περιγενέσθαι παθῶν· πολὺ δὲ μεῖζον τὸ καὶ ἑτέρους δυνηθῆναι πεῖσαι, τὴν αὐτὴν αὐτῷ κτήσασθαι γνώμην. Καίτοι πολλοὶ τῶν ἐχθρῶν καὶ οἱ δοκοῦντες φιλοσοφεῖν, κἂν αὐτοὶ μὴ καταδέξωνται τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἀνελεῖν, ὑφ' ἑτέρων ἀναιρεῖσθαι μέλλοντας, οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιντο κωλῦσαι. Ὁ δὲ ∆αυῒδ οὐχ οὕτως· ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τινὰ παρακαταθήκην λαβὼν, καὶ μέλλων αὐτῆς εὐθύνας διδόναι, οὕτως οὐ μόνον αὐτὸς οὐχ ἥψατο τοῦ πολεμίου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἑταίρους αὐτοῦ βουλομένους ἀνελεῖν ἐκώλυσε, σωματοφύλαξ ἀντὶ πολεμίου γενόμενος καὶ δορυφόρος ἄριστος. Ὥστε οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι τὸν ∆αυῒδ μᾶλλον κινδύνῳ τότε περιπεπτωκέναι εἰπὼν, ἢ τὸν Σαούλ. Οὐ γὰρ τὸν τυχόντα ἀγῶνα ὑπέμεινε, παντὶ τρόπῳ σπουδάζων αὐτὸν ἐξελέσθαι τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς τῆς παρ' ἐκείνων· οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐδεδοίκει μέλλων αὐτὸς ἀποσφάττεσθαι, ὡς ἐδεδοίκει μήποτε τῶν στρατιωτῶν τις ἐνδοὺς τῷ θυμῷ διαφθείρῃ τὸν ἄνθρωπον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ δικαιολογίαν τοιαύτην συνέθηκε, καὶ κατηγόρουν μὲν ἐκεῖνοι, κατηγορεῖτο δὲ ὁ καθεύδων, ἀπελογεῖτο δὲ ὁ πολέμιος, ἐδίκαζε δὲ ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τὴν τοῦ ∆αυῒδ ψῆφον ἐκύρωσεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ ῥοπῆς ἴσχυσεν ἂν τῶν μαινομένων ἐκείνων περιγενέσθαι· ἀλλ' ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάρις ἦν, ἡ τοῖς χείλεσιν ἐγκαθημένη τούτου, καὶ πειθώ τινα διδοῦσα τοῖς ῥήμασιν ἐκείνοις. Ἆρα οὐχὶ καὶ ἐντεῦθεν μάλιστα ἄν τις αὐτὸν θαυμάσειεν τῆς μεγαλοψυχίας, ὅτι τὸν ἐχθρὸν εἰς χεῖρας λαβὼν καθεύδοντα, καὶ ἀκίνητον μένοντα, καὶ οὐδὲν δυνάμενον ἐργάσασθαι, οὐ μόνον αὐτὸς οὐκ ἀνεῖλεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἑταίρους βουλομένους ἐκώλυσεν; Ἄρα πῶς ἦν εἰκὸς αὐτοὺς προσέχειν ἐκείνῳ λοιπὸν, μεθ' ὅσης εὐνοίας διακεῖσθαι πρὸς αὐτόν; Εἰ γὰρ μυρίας ψυχὰς εἶχον λοιπὸν, οὐκ ἂν ἑτοίμως ἁπάσας ἐπέδωκαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ, ἔργῳ μαθόντες ἐν τῇ πολεμίου κηδεμονίᾳ τὴν περὶ τοὺς οἰκείους εὔνοιαν; Ὁ γὰρ περὶ τοὺς λελυπηκότας πρᾶος καὶ ἥμερος ὢν, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον περὶ τοὺς εὐνοϊκῶς διακειμένους οὕτως ἔμελλε διακεῖσθαι; Ἆρ' οὐκ ἄν τις εὐκαίρως ἐντεῦθεν ἀποδείξειεν, ὅτι μεῖζον ἔστησε τρόπαιον φεισάμενος τοῦ Σαοὺλ ὁ ∆αυῒδ, ἢ ὅτε τὸν Γολιὰθ κατήνεγκε, καὶ τὴν τοῦ βαρβάρου κεφαλὴν ἐναπέτεμε; καὶ γὰρ αὕτη λαμπροτέρα ἐκείνης ἡ νίκη, καὶ τὸ τρόπαιον ἐνδοξότερον. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ καὶ σφενδόνης ἐδεήθη καὶ λίθων καὶ παρατάξεως· ἐνταῦθα δὲ πάντα ὁ λογισμὸς ἐγίνετο, καὶ χωρὶς ὅπλων ἡ νίκη κατώρθωτο, καὶ ἀναιμωτὶ τὸ τρόπαιον ἵστατο. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τὴν καλὴν ταύτην καὶ θαυμαστὴν νίκην ἐνίκησεν, ἀνέστη λοιπὸν τῶν ὕπνων ἡ τῶν ἀγώνων ὑπόθεσις ὁ Σαοὺλ, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἀπὸ τοῦ σπηλαίου, τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν γεγε 63.781 νημένων εἰδὼς οὐδέν. Ἐξῄει δὲ καὶ ὁ ∆αυῒδ ὄπισθεν, ἐλευθέροις λοιπὸν ὀφθαλμοῖς πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν βλέπων· ἐξῄει, οὐ κεφαλὴν βαστάζων βαρβάρου, ἀλλὰ θυμὸν νενεκρωμένον, καὶ ὀργὴν ἐκνενευρισμένην, καὶ τῷ πολεμίῳ μυρία τραύματα δοὺς, καὶ τὸν μὲν Σαοὺλ διασώσας, τὸν δὲ ἀληθῶς ἐχθρὸν τὸν διάβολον πολλαῖς κατακεντήσας πληγαῖς· ἐξῄει τὴν δεξιὰν μετὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἐστεφανωμένην ἔχων· δεξιὰν ἐκείνην, ἣ τὸ ξίφος ἴσχυσε καθαρὸν ἐξενεγκεῖν, καὶ ἀναίμακτον τῷ Θεῷ