169

For a physician despised by the sick person cannot defend himself, but must weep and lament. So that if the ruler groans, God will avenge you. For if when groaning for our own sins we draw God to us; when groaning for the folly and contempt of others, do we not do so much more? Do you see that He does not allow him to be led into insults? Do you see how great the philosophy is? He who is despised, who is trodden underfoot, who is spit upon, must groan. Do not be confident that he will not avenge you; for the groan is worse than any vengeance. For when he himself gains nothing by groaning, he calls upon the Master; and just as in the case of a teacher and a 63.233 guardian, when the child does not listen to him, the one who behaves more strictly is called; so it is here also. Alas, how great is the danger! what could one say to the wretched ones, who cast themselves into so great an abyss of punishments? You give an account for all whom you rule, women and men and children; to so great a fire you subject your head. I wonder if it is ever possible for any of the rulers to be saved, seeing that in addition to so great a threat and the present indifference, some even run after it, and cast themselves into so great a burden of rule. For if those who are dragged by necessity have no pardon or defense, managing the affair badly and being negligent; since even Aaron was dragged by necessity and was in danger, and Moses again was in danger, although he had often refused; and Saul, entrusted with another rule, after refusing was in danger because he managed it badly; how much more those who make this their pursuit and cast themselves into it? for such a one much more deprives himself of all pardon. For one ought to fear and tremble, both because of conscience and because of the burden of rule, and neither to refuse at once when dragged, nor, when not dragged, to cast oneself into it, but to flee, foreseeing the greatness of the dignity, and when seized, one must again show reverence. Let nothing be without measure, let all things be done in order. Before it happens, perceiving it beforehand, withdraw, persuaded that you are unworthy of the matter; being seized again, likewise be reverent, showing good judgment everywhere. Pray, he says, for us also; for we are confident that we have a good conscience, in all things desiring to live honorably. 2. Do you see that these things have been said in defense, as writing to those who are grieved with him, as to those who are turning away, as to those who are disposed toward a transgressor, and not enduring even to hear his name. Since, therefore, from those who hated him he required these things, which all the rest would from those who love them, for this reason he puts this here, saying: We are confident that we have a good conscience. For do not tell me the accusations; our conscience, he says, condemns us in nothing, nor are we conscious to ourselves that we have plotted against you. For we are confident, he says, that we have a good conscience, in all things desiring to live honorably. So not only among the Gentiles, but also among you. We have done nothing with huckstering, nothing with hypocrisy; for it was likely that he would be slandered in these things. And that he was slandered, hear James saying: For they have been informed about you, that you teach apostasy. Not as an enemy, he says, nor as a foe do I write these things, but as a friend. And this he also makes clear from what follows: But I especially urge you to do this, that I may be restored to you the sooner. This was of one who loved them exceedingly, to ask them to pray thus. Not simply, he says, but with all diligence; so that I may come to you quickly This is of one who is conscious of nothing against himself, to be eager to come to them, and to urge them to pray for him. For this reason, having first asked for prayers from them, then he himself also prays for all good things for them. But the God of peace, he says. He said this because they were in contention. If, therefore, God is a God of peace, do not be at variance with us. He who brought up from the earth the Shepherd of the 63.234 sheep. This is said concerning the resurrection. The great. Another addition. Here again until

169

Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἰατρὸν καταφρονούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ κάμνοντος, οὐκ ἔνι ἀμύνασθαι, ἀλλὰ δακρῦσαι καὶ ἀνοιμῶξαι. Ὥστε ἐὰν στενάξῃ ὁ ἄρχων, ἀμύνεταί σε ὁ Θεός. Εἰ γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν οἰκείων ἁμαρτημάτων στενάζοντες ἐπισπώμεθα τὸν Θεόν· ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν ἄλλων ἀπονοίας καὶ καταφρονήσεως στενάζοντες, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον; Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οὐκ ἀφίησιν αὐτὸν εἰς ὕβρεις ἐξάγεσθαι; ὁρᾷς ὅση ἡ φιλοσοφία; Στενάζειν δεῖ τὸν καταφρονούμενον, τὸν καταπατούμενον, τὸν διαπτυόμενον. Μὴ θαῤῥήσῃς ὅτι σε οὐκ ἀμύνεται· ὁ γὰρ στεναγμὸς πάσης ἀμύνης χείρων. Ὅταν γὰρ αὐτὸς μηδὲν ὀνήσῃ στενάζων, καλεῖ τὸν ∆εσπότην· καὶ καθάπερ ἐπὶ διδασκάλου καὶ τρο 63.233 φέως, ὅταν ἐκείνου μὴ ἀκούῃ τὸ παιδίον, καλεῖται ὁ αὐστηρότερον προσφερόμενος· οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Βαβαὶ, πόσος ὁ κίνδυνος! τί ἄν τις εἴποι πρὸς τοὺς ἀθλίους, τοὺς ἐπιῤῥίπτοντας ἑαυτοὺς τοσαύτῃ τιμωριῶν ἀβύσσῳ; Πάντων ὧν ἄρχεις γυναικῶν καὶ ἀνδρῶν καὶ παίδων σὺ λόγον δίδως· τοσούτῳ πυρὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑποτίθης. Θαυμάζω εἴ τινα ἔστι τῶν ἀρχόντων σωθῆναί ποτε, πρὸς τῇ τοσαύτῃ ἀπειλῇ καὶ τῇ παρούσῃ ῥᾳθυμίᾳ ὁρῶν ἔτι καὶ ἐπιτρέχοντάς τινας, καὶ ἐπιῤῥίπτοντας ἑαυτοὺς τῷ τοσούτῳ ὄγκῳ τῆς ἀρχῆς. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ ἀνάγκῃ ἑλκόμενοι οὐδεμίαν ἔχουσι συγγνώμην οὐδὲ ἀπολογίαν, κακῶς τὸ πρᾶγμα οἰκονομοῦντες καὶ ἀμελοῦντες· ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἀαρὼν ἀνάγκῃ εἱλκύσθη καὶ ἐκινδύνευσε, καὶ Μωϋσῆς πάλιν ἐκινδύνευσε, καίτοι πολλάκις παραιτησάμενος· καὶ Σαοὺλ ἑτέραν ἐμπιστευθεὶς ἀρχὴν, μετὰ τὸ παραιτήσασθαι ἐκινδύνευσεν, ἐπειδὴ κακῶς αὐτὴν ᾠκονόμησε· πόσῳ μᾶλλον οἱ σπουδὴν ταύτην τιθέμενοι καὶ ἐπιῤῥίπτοντες ἑαυτούς; ὁ γὰρ τοιοῦτος πολλῷ πλέον ἑαυτὸν ἀποστερεῖ πάσης συγγνώμης. ∆εδοικέναι γὰρ χρὴ καὶ τρέμειν, καὶ διὰ τὸ συνειδὸς καὶ διὰ τὸν ὄγκον τῆς ἀρχῆς, καὶ οὔτε ἑλκομένους ἅπαξ παραιτεῖσθαι, οὔτε μὴ ἑλκομένους ἐπιῤῥίπτειν ἑαυτοὺς, ἀλλὰ καὶ φεύγειν μὲν προορῶντας τοῦ ἀξιώματος τὸ μέγεθος, κατασχεθέντας δὲ, πάλιν τὴν εὐλάβειαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι χρή. Μηδὲν ἄμετρον ἔστω, πάντα κατὰ τάξιν γινέσθω. Πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι προαισθόμενος, ἀναχώρει, πεισθεὶς σαυτὸν ἀνάξιον εἶναι τοῦ πράγματος· συλληφθεὶς πάλιν, ὁμοίως εὐλαβῂς ἔσο, πανταχοῦ τὴν εὐγνωμοσύνην ἐπιδεικνύμενος. Προσεύχεσθε, φησὶν, καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν· πεποίθαμεν γὰρ ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν, ἐν πᾶσι καλῶς θέλοντες ἀναστρέφεσθαι. βʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ταῦτα ἀπολελόγηται ὡς πρὸς λελυπημένους πρὸς αὐτὸν γράφων, ὡς πρὸς ἀποστρεφομένους, ὡς πρὸς παραβάτην διακειμένους, καὶ οὐκ ἀνεχομένους οὐδὲ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἀκοῦσαι. Ἐπεὶ οὖν παρὰ τῶν μισούντων αὐτὸν ταῦτα ἀπῄτει, ἅπερ ἂν παρὰ τῶν φιλούντων οἱ λοιποὶ πάντες, τούτου ἕνεκεν ἐνταῦθα τίθησι τοῦτο, λέγων· Πεποίθαμεν ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὰς κατηγορίας εἴπῃς· τὸ συνειδὸς ἡμῶν, φησὶν, οὐδὲν ἡμῶν καταγινώσκει, οὐδὲ σύνισμεν ἑαυτοῖς ὅτι ἐπεβουλεύσαμεν ὑμῖν. Πεποίθαμεν γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν, ἐν πᾶσι καλῶς θέλοντες ἀναστρέφεσθαι. Ἄρα οὐκ ἐν ἐθνικοῖς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν. Οὐδὲν μετὰ καπηλείας, οὐδὲν μετὰ ὑποκρίσεως πεποιήκαμεν· εἰκὸς γὰρ ἦν αὐτὸν ταῦτα διαβάλλεσθαι. Καὶ ὅτι διεβέβλητο, ἄκουε, Ἰακώβου λέγοντος· Κατηχήθησαν γὰρ περὶ σοῦ, ὅτι ἀποστασίαν διδάσκεις. Οὐχ ὡς ἐχθρὸς, φησὶν, οὐδὲ ὡς πολέμιος ταῦτα γράφω, ἀλλ' ὡς φίλος. Καὶ τοῦτο καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἑξῆς δηλοῖ· Περισσοτέρως δὲ παρακαλῶ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, ἵνα τάχιον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν. Τοῦτο σφόδρα φιλοῦντος ἦν αὐτοὺς, τὸ οὕτως ἀξιοῦν εὔξασθαι. Μὴ ἁπλῶς, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πάσης σπουδῆς· ὥστε με ταχέως ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς Τοῦτο μηδὲν ἑαυτῷ συνειδότος ἐστὶ, τὸ σπουδάζειν ἐλθεῖν πρὸς αὐτοὺς, καὶ παρακαλεῖν αὐτοὺς εὔχεσθαι ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ. Τούτου ἕνεκεν πρῶτον παρ' αὐτῶν αἰτήσας τὰς εὐχὰς, τότε καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτοῖς ἐπεύχεται πάντα τὰ ἀγαθά. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης, φησί. Τοῦτο εἶπε διὰ τὸ στασιάζειν αὐτούς. Εἰ τοίνυν ὁ Θεὸς εἰρήνης Θεός ἐστι, μὴ διαστασιάζετε πρὸς ἡμᾶς. Ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ τῆς γῆς τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβά 63.234 των. Περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τοῦτο εἴρηται. Τὸν μέγαν. Ἄλλη προσθήκη. Ἐνταῦθα πάλιν μέχρι