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in deed and in word. And let him treat with reverence a male or female twenty years older, considering him as a father or a mother.”

37. CONCERNING THE ACQUISITION OF SERVANTS

Since Moses in his laws forbade Hebrews to be slaves to Hebrews, and said: “If you acquire a Hebrew servant, for six years he shall serve you; but in the seventh year you shall send him away free,” Plato also says similarly in the Republic: “Nor should they acquire a Greek slave, nor advise the other Greeks to do so? By all means, he said; and so they would rather turn against the barbarians, and spare their own race.”

38. HOW HE REPHRASED “DO NOT REMOVE THE ANCIENT LANDMARKS WHICH YOUR FATHERS HAVE SET”

“Let no one move the boundaries of the land, whether of a fellow-citizen who is his neighbor, or of one who shares a border on the frontier with a foreigner as his other neighbor, believing this to be truly a moving of the immovable.” And he says next: “And whoever cultivates his neighbor's land by transgressing the boundaries, let him pay for the damage, and as a cure for his shamelessness and servility at the same time, let him pay another sum, double the damage, to the one who was harmed.”

39. SIMILAR TO “VISITING THE SINS OF THE FATHERS ON THE CHILDREN TO

THE THIRD AND FOURTH GENERATION OF THOSE WHO HATE ME”

“In a word, the disgraces and punishments of a father should not be visited upon any of his children, unless a man’s father, grandfather, and great-grandfather have in succession been condemned to death.”

40. CONCERNING THIEVES

Since the law of Moses said: “If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it or sells it, he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep; but if the theft is found in his hand, from an ox or a donkey to a sheep, alive, he shall repay double,” hear how Plato also follows these things, saying: “For a thief, whether one steals something great or small, let there be one law and one punishment for all. For first he must pay double the value of the stolen item, if one is convicted in such a case and has sufficient other property to pay besides his allotment, but if not, he shall be imprisoned until he pays it or persuades his accuser.”

41. CONCERNING A THIEF BEING KILLED

Again, since Moses said: “If a thief is found breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no bloodguilt for him,” Plato agrees on this point also, saying: “If someone catches a thief by night entering a house to steal goods and kills him, let him be clean; and if

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ἔργῳ τε καὶ λόγῳ. τὸν δὲ προέχοντα εἴκοσιν ἡλικίας ἔτεσιν ἄρρενα ἢ θῆλυν νομίζων ὡς πατέρα ἢ μητέρα διευλαβείσθω.»

λζʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΚΤΗΣΕΩΣ ΟΙΚΕΤΩΝ

Μωσέως ἐν τοῖς νόμοις ἀπαγορεύσαντος Ἑβραίους Ἑβραίοις δουλεύειν καὶ φήσαντος· «Ἐὰν κτήσῃ παῖδα Ἑβραῖον, ἓξ ἔτη δουλεύσει σοι· τῷ δὲ ἑβδόμῳ ἔτει ἐξαποστελεῖς αὐτὸν ἐλεύθερον,» καὶ ὁ Πλάτων ὁμοίως ἐν Πολιτείᾳ φησί· «Μηδὲ Ἕλληνα ἄρα δοῦλον ἐκτῆσθαι μήτε αὐτοὺς τοῖς τε ἄλλοις Ἕλλησιν οὕτω ξυμβουλεύειν; Πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ἔφη· μᾶλλόν τ' ἂν οὖν οὕτω πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους τρέποιντο, ἑαυτῶν δὲ ἀπέχοιντο.» ληʹ. ΩΣ ΜΕΤΕΒΑΛΕ ΤΟ «ΜΗ ΜΕΤΑΙΡΕ ΟΡΙΑ ΑΙΩΝΙΑ Α ΕΘΕΝΤΟ ΟΙ ΠΑΤΕΡΕΣ

ΣΟΥ»

«Μὴ κινείτω γῆς ὅρια μηδεὶς μήτε οἰκείου πολίτου γείτονος μήτε ὁμοτέρμονος ἐν ἐσχατιαῖς κεκτημένου ἄλλῳ ξένῳ γειτονῶν, νομίσας τὸ τὰ ἀκίνητα κινεῖν ἀληθῶς τοῦτ' εἶναι.» Καὶ ἑξῆς φησιν· «Ὃς δ' ἂν ἐπεργάζηται τὰ τοῦ γείτονος ὑπερβαίνων τοὺς ὅρους, τὸ μὲν βλάβος ἀποτινέτω, τῆς δὲ ἀναιδείας ἅμα καὶ ἀνελευθερίας ἕνεκα ἰατρευόμενος διπλάσιον τοῦ βλάβους ἄλλο ἐκτισάτω τῷ βλαφθέντι.»

λθʹ. ΟΜΟΙΟΝ ΤΩΙ «ΑΠΟ∆Ι∆ΟΥΣ ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΣ ΠΑΤΕΡΩΝ ΕΠΙ ΤΕΚΝΑ ΕΠΙ

ΤΡΙΤΗΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΗΝ ΓΕΝΕΑΝ ΤΟΙΣ ΜΙΣΟΥΣΙ ΜΕ» «Ἑνὶ δὲ λόγῳ, πατρὸς ὀνείδη καὶ τιμωρίας παίδων μηδενὶ συνέπεσθαι, πλὴν ἐάν τίς τινι πατὴρ καὶ πάππος καὶ πάππου πατὴρ ἐφεξῆς ὄφλωσι θανάτου δίκην.»

μʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΚΛΕΠΤΩΝ

Μωσέως νόμου φάντος· «Ἐὰν κλέψῃ τις μόσχον ἢ πρόβατον καὶ σφάξῃ αὐτὸ ἢ ἀποδῶται, πέντε μόσχους ἀποτίσει ἀντὶ τοῦ μόσχου καὶ τέσσαρα πρόβατα ἀντὶ προβάτου· ἐὰν δὲ καταληφθῇ καὶ εὑρεθῇ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ κλέμμα, ἀπὸ μόσχου καὶ ὄνου ἕως προβάτου ζῶντα διπλᾶ ἀποτίσει» ἐπάκουσον ὡς καὶ ὁ Πλάτων τούτοις ἕπεται λέγων· «Κλέπτῃ δέ, ἐάν τε μέγα ἐάν τε σμικρὸν κλέπτῃ τις, εἷς νόμος ἐπικείσθω καὶ μία δίκης τιμωρία σύμπασι. τὸ μὲν γὰρ δὴ κλαπὲν χρεὼν διπλάσιον πρῶτον ἐκτίνειν, ἐὰν ὄφλῃ τις τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην καὶ ἱκανὴν ἔχῃ τὴν ἄλλην οὐσίαν ἀποτίνειν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κλήρου, ἐὰν δὲ μή, δεδέσθαι ἕως ἂν ἐκτίσῃ ἢ πείσῃ τὸν καταδικασάμενον.»

μαʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΚΛΕΠΤΟΥ ΑΝΑΙΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ Πάλιν Μωσέως φάντος· «Ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ διορύγματι εὑρεθῇ ὁ κλέπτης καὶ πληγεὶς ἀποθάνῃ, οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ φόνος» συνᾴδει κἀν τούτῳ λέγων ὁ Πλάτων· «Νύκτωρ φῶρα εἰς οἰκίαν ἰόντα ἐπὶ κλοπῇ χρημάτων ἐὰν ἑλὼν κτείνῃ τις, ἔστω καθαρός· καὶ ἐὰν