Chap. XXVI.—Of the Loosing of the Devil, and of the Second and Greatest Judgment.

We have said, a little before, that it will come to pass at the commencement of the sacred reign, that the prince of the devils will be bound by God. But he also, when the thousand years of the kingdom, that is, seven thousand of the world, shall begin to be ended, will be loosed afresh, and being sent forth from prison, will go forth and assemble all the nations, which shall then be under the dominion of the righteous, that they may make war against the holy city; and there shall be collected together from all the world an innumerable company of the nations, and shall besiege and surround the city. Then the last anger of God shall come upon the nations, and shall utterly1410    Usque ad unum.   destroy them; and first He shall shake the earth most violently, and by its motion the mountains of Syria shall be rent, and the hills shall sink down precipitously, and the walls of all cities shall fall, and God shall cause the sun to stand, so that he set not for three days, and shall set it on fire; and excessive heat and great burning shall descend upon the hostile and impious people, and showers of brimstone, and hailstones, and drops of fire; and their spirits shall melt through the heat, and their bodies shall be bruised by the hail, and they shall smite one another with the sword. The mountains shall be filled with carcases, and the plains shall be covered with bones; but the people of God during those three days shall be concealed under caves of the earth, until the anger of God against the nations and the last judgment shall be ended.  

Then the righteous shall go forth from their hiding-places, and shall find all things covered with carcases and bones. But the whole race of the wicked shall utterly perish; and there shall no longer be any nation in this world, but the nation of God alone. Then for seven continuous years the woods shall be untouched, nor shall timber be cut from the mountains, but the arms of the nations shall be burnt; and now there shall be no war, but peace and everlasting rest. But when the thousand years shall be completed, the world shall be renewed by God, and the heavens shall be folded together, and the earth shall be changed, and God shall transform men into the similitude of angels, and they shall be white as snow; and they shall always be employed in the sight of the Almighty, and shall make offerings to their Lord, and serve Him for ever. At the same time shall take place that second and public resurrection1411    [This clearly proves that the better sort of Chiliasm was not extinct in the Church,]   of all, in which the unrighteous shall be raised to everlasting punishments. These are they who have worshipped the works of their own hands, who have either been ignorant of, or have denied the Lord and Parent of the world. But their lord with his servants shall be seized and condemned to punishment, together with whom all the band of the wicked, in accordance with their deeds, shall be burnt for ever with perpetual fire in the sight of angels and the righteous.  

This is the doctrine of the holy prophets which we Christians follow; this is our wisdom, which they who worship frail objects, or maintain an empty philosophy, deride as folly and vanity, because we are not accustomed to defend and assert it in public, since God orders us in quietness and silence to hide His secret, and to keep it within our own conscience; and not to strive with obstinate contention against those who are ignorant of the truth, and who rigorously assail God and His religion not for the sake of learning, but of censuring and jeering. For a mystery ought to be most faithfully concealed and covered, especially by us, who bear the name of faith.1412    [i.e., “the faithful,” a title often used to designate Christians. This discipline was based on Heb. v. 14 and Matt. vii. 6.]   But they accuse this silence of ours, as though it were the result of an evil conscience; whence also they invent some detestable things respecting those who are holy and blameless, and willingly believe their own inventions.  

But all fictions have now been hushed, most holy Emperor, since the time when the great God raised thee up for the restoration of the house of justice, and for the protection of the human race; for while thou rulest the Roman state, we worshippers of God are no more regarded as accursed and impious. Since the truth now comes forth1413    Jam emergente atque illustratâ veritate.   from obscurity, and is brought into light, we are not censured as unrighteous who endeavour to perform the works of righteousness. No one any longer reproaches us with the name of God. None of us, who are alone of all men religious, is any more called irreligious; since despising the images of the dead, we worship the living and true God. The providence of the supreme Deity has raised thee to the imperial dignity, that thou mightest be able with true piety to rescind the injurious decrees of others, to correct faults, to provide with a father’s clemency for the safety of men,—in short, to remove the wicked from the state, whom being cast down by pre-eminent piety, God has delivered into your hands, that it might be evident to all in what true majesty consists.  

For they who wished to take away the worship of the heavenly and matchless1414    Singularis.   God, that they might defend impious superstitions, lie in ruin.1415    Profligati jacent.   But thou, who defendest and lovest His name, excelling in virtue and prosperity, enjoyest thy immortal glories with the greatest happiness. They suffer and have suffered the punishment of their guilt. The powerful right hand of God protects thee from all dangers; He bestows on thee a quiet and tranquil reign, with the highest congratulations of all men. And not undeservedly has the Lord and Ruler of the world chosen thee in preference to all others, by whom He might renew His holy religion, since thou alone didst exist of all, who mightest afford a surpassing example of virtue and holiness: in which thou mightest not only equal, but also, which is a very great matter, excel the glory of ancient princes, whom nevertheless fame reckons among the good. They indeed perhaps by nature only resembled the righteous. For he who is ignorant of God, the Ruler of the universe, may attain to a resemblance of righteousness, but he cannot attain to righteousness itself. But thou, both by the innate sanctity of thy character, and by thy acknowledgment of the truth and of God in every action, dost fully perform1416    Consummas. [Art fulfilling; i.e., as a catechumen.]   the works of righteousness.1417    [In admonishing the great, the form was to ascribe to them the characters they should cultivate. Lactantius here speaks as a courtier, but guardedly.]   It was therefore befitting that, in arranging the condition of the human race, the Deity should make use of thy authority and service. Whom we supplicate with daily prayers, that He may especially guard thee whom He has wished to be the guardian of the world: then that He may inspire thee with a disposition by which thou mayest always continue in the love of the divine name. For this is serviceable to all, both to thee for happiness, and to others for repose.  

CAPUT XXVI. De daemonis emissione, alteroque maximo judicio.

Diximus paulo ante, in principio regni sancti fore, ut a Deo princeps daemonum vinciatur. Sed idem, cum mille anni regni, hoc est septem millia coeperint terminari, solvetur denuo, et custodia emissus exibit; 0813B atque omnes gentes, quae tunc erunt sub ditione justorum, concitabit, ut inferant bellum sanctae civitati; et colligetur ex omni orbe terrae innumerabilis populus nationum, et obsidebit, et circumdabit civitatem. Tunc veniet novissima ira Dei super gentes, et debellabit eas usque ad unum: ac primum concutiet terram quam validissime et a motu ejus scindentur montes Syriae; et subsident colles in abruptum; et muri omnium civitatum concident, et statuet Deus solem triduo ne occidat; et inflammabit eum; et descendet aestus nimius, et adustio magna supra perduelles et impios populos, et imbres sulfuris, et grandines 0813C lapidum, et guttae ignis; et liquescent spiritus eorum 0814A in calore, et corpora conterentur in grandine, et ipsi se invicem gladio ferient; et replebuntur montes cadaveribus, et campi operientur ossibus. Populus autem Dei tribus illis diebus sub concavis terrae occultabitur; donec ira Dei adversus gentes, et extremum judicium terminetur.

Tunc exibunt justi de latebris suis, et invenient omnia cadaveribus atque ossibus tecta. Sed et genus omne impiorum radicitus interibit; nec erit in hoc mundo ulla jam natio amplius, praeter solam gentem Dei. Tum per annos septem perpetes intactae erunt silvae; nec excidetur de montibus lignum. Sed arma gentium comburentur; et jam non erit bellum, sed pax, et requies sempiterna. Cum vero completi fuerint mille anni, renovabitur mundus a Deo, et coelum 0814B complicabitur, et terra mutabitur; et transfor mabit Deus homines in similitudinem angelorum; et erunt candidi sicut nix; et versabuntur semper in conspectu Omnipotentis, et Domino suo sacrificabunt, et servient in aeternum. Eodem tempore fiet secunda illa et publica omnium resurrectio, in qua excitabuntur injusti ad cruciatus sempiternos. Ii sunt qui manu facta coluerunt; qui Dominum mundi ac parentem vel nescierunt, vel abnegaverunt. Sed et dominus illorum cum ministris suis comprehendetur, ad poenamque damnabitur; cum quo pariter omnis turba impiorum pro suis facinoribus, in conspectu angelorum atque justorum, perpetuo igni cremabibitur 0814C in aeternum.

0815A Haec est doctrina sanctorum prophetarum, quam christiani sequimur: haec nostra sapientia; quam isti qui vel fragilia colunt, vel inanem philosophiam tuentur, tanquam stultitiam vanitatemque derident, quia nos defendere hanc publice atque asserere non solemus, Deo jubente, ut quieti ac silentes arcanum ejus in abdito 0815A atque intra nostram conscientiam teneamus; nec adversus istos veri profanos, qui non discendi, sed arguendi atque illudendi gratia, inclementer Deum ac religionem ejus impugnant, pertinaci contentione certemus. Abscondi enim tegique mysterium quam fidelissime oportet, maxime a nobis, qui nomen fidei gerimus. Verum illi hanc taciturnitatem 0815B nostram, veluti malam conscientiam, 0816A criminantur: unde etiam quasdam execrabiles opiniones de pudicis et innocentibus fingunt; et libenter his, quae finxerint, credunt.

«Sed omnia jam, sanctissime imperator, figmenta sopita sunt, ex quo te Deus summus ad restituendum justitiae domicilium, et ad tutelam generis humani excitavit: quo gubernante Romanae reipublicae statum, jam cultores Dei pro sceleratis ac nefariis non habemur. Jam emergente atque illustrata veritate, non arguimur ut injusti, qui opera justitiae facere conamur. Nemo jam nobis Dei nomen exprobrat. Nemo irreligiosus ulterius appellatur, qui soli omnium religiosi sumus; quoniam 0816B contemptis imaginibus mortuorum, vivum colimus 0817A et verum Deum. Te providentia summae divinitatis ad fastigium principale provexit; 0817A qui posses vera pietate aliorum male consulta rescindere, peccata corrigere; saluti hominum paterna clementia providere, ipsos denique malos a republica submovere, quos summa pietate dejectos in manus tuas Deus tradidit, ut esset omnibus clarum, quae sit vera majestas.

Illi enim, qui ut impias religiones defenderent, coelestis ac singularis Dei cultum tollere voluerunt, profligati jacent. Tu autem, qui nomen ejus, defendis et diligis, virtute ac felicitate praepollens, immortalibus tuis gloriis beatissime frueris. Illi poenas sceleris sui et pendunt, et pependerunt. Te dextera Dei potens ab omnibus periculis protegit: 0817B tibi quietum tranquillumque moderamen cum summa omnium gratulatione largitur. Nec immerito rerum Dominus ac rector te potissimum delegit, per quem sanctam religionem suam instauraret, quoniam unus ex omnibus extitisti, qui praecipua virtutis et sanctitatis exempla praeberes; quibus antiquorum principum gloriam, quos tamen fama inter bonos numerat, non modo aequares, sed etiam, quod est maximum, praeterires. Illi quidem natura fortasse tantum similes justis fuerunt. Qui enim moderatorem universitatis Deum ignorat, 0818A similitudinem justitiae assequi potest: ipsam vero non potest. Tu vero et morum ingenita sanctitate, et veritatis et Dei agnitione in omni actu justitiae opera consummas. Erat igitur congruens, ut in formando generis humani statu, te auctore ac ministro divinitas uteretur. Cui nos quotidianis precibus supplicamus, ut te in primis, quem rerum custodem voluit esse, custodiat; deinde inspiret tibi voluntatem, qua semper in amore divini nominis perseveres. Quod est omnibus salutare, et tibi ad felicitatem, et caeteris ad quietem.»