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reasonably with the other instruments, they were also exhorted to use trumpets. 2. "He established it as a testimony in Joseph, when he went out of the land of Egypt." Here he calls all the people Joseph; for since Joseph was the agent of their entry into Egypt, he named the people after him. And he says that He gave this legislation to the people, having freed them from Egypt. Then he recounts the good deeds that had been done. "He heard a tongue which he did not know." For having never enjoyed a divine voice, he heard this one in the desert when he received the law. 7. "He removed his back from burdens; his hands had served in the basket." By these words he indicated the labors in Egypt, and the bitter servitude, and the brick-making. For they were forced, as is likely, to carry the clay on their shoulders; and the back is especially sensitive to such pains. From this point he introduces the person of God speaking. And first He reminds them of the good deeds that had been done, then He brings exhortation and counsel; after this He foretells their disobedience, and the punishment for their disobedience. 8. "In affliction you called upon me; and I rescued you." You groaned in Egypt, being afflicted by the labors, and immediately I deemed you worthy of loving-kindness. History also teaches this. "For the sons of Israel, it says, groaned because of the harsh labors, and their cry went up to God." -"I heard you in the secret place of the storm." But Symmachus puts it this way: I heard you through a secret thunder; and the others have likewise put "the thundering." And by this he shows that though not appearing, but having an invisible nature, I have made salvation manifest to all men, like some thunder, by the plagues against the Egyptians signaling to all how much providence I exercise for you. 80.1524 "I tested you at the water of contradiction." Coming to Marah, and finding the water bitter, they cried out against Moses, and spoke against God. From the event, therefore, a place received its name. He says, therefore, that I reproved your ungrateful disposition by that water; but I readily changed its quality, and made the bitter sweet. 9. "Hear, my people, and I will testify to you." Therefore, having had experience of my power, receive readily the legislations offered to you by me. For it is a testimony, foretelling to you the punishment for disobedience, and the benefit of obedience. "Israel, if you will hear me, [10.] there shall be in you no new god, nor shall you worship a foreign god." [And He reveals Himself more clearly to them by saying:] 11. "For I am the Lord your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt." These things the preface of the law also has. "For I am, it says, the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt; you shall have no other gods besides me." And here, therefore, he exhorts them that they must not worship a foreign and new god, but the one who bestowed freedom upon them. But these things also refute the madness of Arius and Eunomius. For if the Only-Begotten is not consubstantial, then He would reasonably be called foreign; and if there was a time when He was not, He is new and not eternal. Therefore, they manifestly transgress the divine law, [and especially those who hold the dogmas of the impious Nestorius,] worshiping a foreign and new God. But this is not the time to refute their foolishness; nevertheless, even these things are sufficient for a refutation of their lawlessness. "Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it." Make yourself obedient, he says, through obedience, and receive the abundance of good things; from this point he shifts the discourse to accusation. 12. "And my people did not hear my voice, and Israel did not attend to me." I, therefore, offered him this counsel; but he undertook neither to hear nor to attend to the things spoken by me. 80.1525 13. "And I sent them away according to the pursuits of their hearts; they will walk in their own pursuits." But Symmachus puts it this way: I therefore let them go in the pleasure of their heart, to walk in their own counsels.

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εἰκότως μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ὀργάνων, καὶ ταῖς σάλ πιγξι παρεκελεύοντο χρήσασθαι. ʹ. "Μαρτύριον ἐν τῷ Ἰωσὴφ ἔθετο αὐτὸ, ἐν τῷ ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου." Ἰωσὴφ ἐν ταῦθα πάντα καλεῖ τὸν λαόν· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τῆς εἰς Αἴγυπτον εἰσόδου ὁ Ἰωσὴφ αὐτοῖς ἐγένετο πρόξενος, ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὸν λαὸν προσηγόρευσε. Λέγει δὲ ὅτι ταύτην ἔδωκε τῷ λαῷ τὴν νομοθεσίαν, τῆς Αἰγύ πτου τοῦτον ἐλευθερώσας. Εἶτα τὰς γεγενημένας εὐεργεσίας διέξεισιν. "Γλῶσσαν ἣν οὐκ ἔγνω ἤκουσεν." Φωνῆς γὰρ πώποτε θείας οὐκ ἀπο λαύσας, ταύτης ἐπήκουσεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τὸν νόμον δεχόμενος. ζʹ. "Ἀπέστησεν ἀπὸ ἄρσεων τὸν νῶτον αὐτοῦ· αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κοφίνῳ ἐδούλευσαν." Τοὺς ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πόνους, καὶ τὴν πικρὰν δουλείαν, καὶ τὴν πλινθουργίαν διὰ τούτων ἐδήλωσε. Τοῖς ὤμοις γὰρ, ὡς εἰκὸς, φέρειν ἠναγκάζοντο τὸν πηλόν· τὰ δὲ νῶτα διαφερόντως τῶν τοιούτων ἐπαισθάνε ται πόνων. Ἐντεῦθεν τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ πρόσωπον εἰσ άγει διαλεγόμενον. Καὶ πρῶτον μὲν τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν τῶν γεγενημένων ἀναμιμνήσκει, εἶτα παραίνεσιν εἰσφέρει καὶ συμβουλήν· μετὰ ταῦτα προλέγει τὴν ἀπείθειαν, καὶ τῆς ἀπειθείας τὴν τιμωρίαν. ηʹ. "Ἐν θλίψει ἐπεκαλέσω με· καὶ ἐρυσάμην σε." Ἐστέναξας ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ τοῖς πόνοις ταλαιπω ρούμενος, καὶ παραυτίκα φιλανθρωπίας ἠξίωσα. Τοῦτο καὶ ἡ ἱστορία διδάσκει. "Ἐστέναξαν γὰρ, φησὶν, οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων τῶν σκληρῶν, καὶ ἀνέβη ἡ βοὴ αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν Θεόν." -"Ἐπ ήκουσά σε ἐν ἀποκρύφῳ καταιγίδος." Ὁ δὲ Σύμ μαχος οὕτως· Ἐπήκουσά σε διὰ κρυφαίας βροντῆς· καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι δὲ τὴν βρόντησιν ὁμοίως τεθείκασι. ∆ηλοῖ δὲ διὰ τούτου ὅτι μὴ φαινόμε νος, ἀλλ' ἀόρατον ἔχων τὴν φύσιν, κατάδηλον πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις τὴν σωτηρίαν πεποίηκα, οἷόν τινα βροντὴν, ταῖς κατὰ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων πληγαῖς σημάνας ἅπασιν ὅσην ποιοῦμαί σου πρόνοιαν. 80.1524 "Ἐδοκίμασά σε ἐπὶ ὕδατος ἀντιλογίας." Εἰς Μεῤ ῥὰν ἐλθόντες, καὶ πικρὸν εὑρόντες τὸ ὕδωρ, καὶ Μωσοῦ κατεβόησαν, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ κατελάλησαν. Ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος τοίνυν ὁ τόπος τὴν προσηγο ρίαν ἐδέξατο. Λέγει τοίνυν, ὅτι ∆ιήλεγξά σε παρ' ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὕδωρ τὴν ἀχάριστον γνώμην· ῥᾳδίως δὲ αὐτοῦ μετέβαλον τὴν ποιότητα, καὶ γλυκεῖαν ἀπέ φηνα τὴν πικράν. θʹ. "Ἄκουσον, λαός μου, καὶ διαμαρτύρομαί σου." Πεῖραν τοίνυν τῆς ἐμῆς δυνάμεως εἰληφὼς, δέξαι προθύμως τὰς παρ' ἐμοῦ σοι προσφερομένας νομοθεσίας. ∆ιαμαρτυρία γάρ ἐστι, προλέγουσά σοι τῆς ἀπειθείας τὴν τιμωρίαν, καὶ τῆς εὐπει θείας τὴν ὠφέλειαν. "Ἰσραὴλ, ἐὰν ἀκούσῃς μου, [ιʹ.] οὐκ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ θεὸς πρόσφατος, οὐδὲ προσκυνήσεις θεῷ ἀλλο τρίῳ." [Καὶ σαφέστερον αὐτοῖς ἑαυτὸν φανεροῖ τῷ εἰπεῖν·] ιαʹ. "Ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, ὁ ἀν αγαγών σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου." Ταῦτα καὶ τοῦ νόμου τὸ προοίμιον ἔχει. "Ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι, φησὶ, Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, ὁ ἐξαγαγών σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου· οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ." Καὶ ἐνταῦθα τοίνυν παρακελεύεται ἀλλότριον καὶ νέον μὴ προσ κυνῆσαι δεὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸν τὴν ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς δωρησάμενον. Ταῦτα δὲ καὶ τὴν Ἀρείου καὶ Εὐ νομίου παραπληξίαν ἐλέγχει. Εἰ γὰρ οὐχ ὁμοού σιος ὁ Μονογενὴς, ἀλλότριος ἄρα καλοῖτο ἂν εἰκότως· καὶ εἰ ἦν ὅτε οὐκ ἦν, πρόσφατος καὶ οὐκ ἀΐδιος. Τὸν θεῖον τοίνυν προφανῶς παραβαίνουσι νόμον, [καὶ μάλιστα οἱ τὰ τοῦ δυσσεβοῦς Νεστο ρίου δογματίζοντες,] ἀλλότριον καὶ πρόσφατον προσ κυνοῦντες Θεόν. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐ καιρὸς τὴν ἐκείνων ἐμβροντησίαν διελέγχειν· ἀπόχρη δὲ ὅμως καὶ ταῦτα εἰς ἔλεγχον τῆς αὐτῶν παρανο μίας. "Πλάτυνον τὸ στόμα σου, καὶ πληρώσω αὐτό." Εὐπειθῆ, φησὶν, ἑαυτὸν διὰ τῆς εὐπει θείας κατάστησον, καὶ δέξαι τὴν ἀφθονίαν τῶν ἀγαθῶν· ἐντεῦθεν ἐπὶ τὴν κατηγορίαν μεταφέρει τὸν λόγον. ιβʹ. "Καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ λαός μου τῆς φωνῆς μου, καὶ Ἰσραὴλ οὐ προσέσχε μοι." Ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ταύτην αὐτῷ τὴν συμβουλὴν προσενήνοχα· αὐτὸς δὲ οὔτε ἀκοῦσαι, οὔτε προσέχειν τοῖς ὑπ' ἐμοῦ λε γομένοις ὑπέσχετο. 80.1525 ιγʹ. "Καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτη δεύματα τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν· πορεύσονται ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν αὐτῶν. "Ὁ δὲ Σύμμαχος οὕτως· Ἀφῆκα οὖν αὐτοὺς τῇ ἀρεσκείᾳ τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν, ὁδεύειν ταῖς βουλαῖς αὐτῶν.