Chapter 16.—The Remains of Death and the Evil Things of the World Turn to Good for the Elect. How Fitly the Death of Christ Was Chosen, that We Might Be Justified in His Blood. What the Anger of God is.

20. For although the death, too, of the flesh itself came originally from the sin of the first man, yet the good use of it has made most glorious martyrs. And so not only that death itself, but all the evils of this world, and the griefs and labors of men, although they come from the deserts of sins, and especially of original sin, whence life itself too became bound by the bond of death, yet have fitly remained, even when sin is forgiven; that man might have wherewith to contend for truth, and whereby the goodness of the faithful might be exercised; in order that the new man through the new covenant might be made ready among the evils of this world for a new world, by bearing wisely the misery which this condemned life deserved, and by rejoicing soberly because it will be finished, but expecting faithfully and patiently the blessedness which the future life, being set free, will have for ever. For the devil being cast forth from his dominion, and from the hearts of the faithful, in the condemnation and faithlessness of whom he, although himself also condemned, yet reigned, is only so far permitted to be an adversary according to the condition of this mortality, as God knows to be expedient for them: concerning which the sacred writings speak through the mouth of the apostle: “God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it.”826    1 Cor. x. 13 And those evils which the faithful endure piously, are of profit either for the correction of sins, or for the exercising and proving of righteousness, or to manifest the misery of this life, that the life where will be that true and perpetual blessedness may be desired more ardently, and sought out more earnestly. But it is on their account that these evils are still kept in being, of whom the apostle says: “For we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are called to be holy according to His purpose. For whom He did foreknow, He also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the first-born among many brethren. Moreover, whom He did predestinate, them He also called; and whom He called, them He also justified; and whom He justified, them He also glorified.” It is of these who are predestinated, that not one shall perish with the devil; not one shall remain even to death under the power of the devil. And then follows what I have already cited above:827    C. 2. “What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can be against us? He that spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all; how has He not with Him also freely given us all things?”828    Rom. viii. 28–32

21. Why then should the death of Christ not have come to pass? Nay, rather, why should not that death itself have been chosen above all else to be brought to pass, to the passing by of the other innumerable ways which He who is omnipotent could have employed to free us; that death, I say, wherein neither was anything diminished or changed from His divinity, and so great benefit was conferred upon men, from the humanity which He took upon Him, that a temporal death, which was not due, was rendered by the eternal Son of God, who was also the Son of man, whereby He might free them from an eternal death which was due? The devil was holding fast our sins, and through them was fixing us deservedly in death. He discharged them, who had none of His own, and who was led by him to death undeservedly. That blood was of such price, that he who even slew Christ for a time by a death which was not due, can as his due detain no one, who has put on Christ, in the eternal death which was due. Therefore “God commendeth His love towards us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Much more then, being now justified in His blood, we shall be saved from wrath through Him.” Justified, he says, in His blood,—justified plainly, in that we are freed from all sin; and freed from all sin, because the Son of God, who knew no sin, was slain for us. Therefore “we shall be saved from wrath through Him;” from the wrath certainly of God, which is nothing else but just retribution. For the wrath of God is not, as is that of man, a perturbation of the mind; but it is the wrath of Him to whom Holy Scripture says in another place, “But Thou, O Lord, mastering Thy power, judgest with calmness.”829    Wisd. xii. 18 If, therefore, the just retribution of God has received such a name, what can be the right understanding also of the reconciliation of God, unless that then such wrath comes to an end? Neither were we enemies to God, except as sins are enemies to righteousness; which being forgiven, such enmities come to an end, and they whom He Himself justifies are reconciled to the Just One. And yet certainly He loved them even while still enemies, since “He spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all,” when we were still enemies. And therefore the apostle has rightly added: “For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of His Son,” by which that remission of sins was made, “much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved in His life.” Saved in life, who were reconciled by death. For who can doubt that He will give His life for His friends, for whom, when enemies, He gave His death? “And not only so,” he says, “but we also joy in God, through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.” “Not only,” he says, “shall we be saved,” but “we also joy;” and not in ourselves, but “in God;” nor through ourselves, “but through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement,” as we have argued above. Then the apostle adds, “Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, in whom all have sinned;”830    Rom. v. 8, 12 etc.: in which he disputes at some length concerning the two men; the one the first Adam, through whose sin and death we, his descendants, are bound by, as it were, hereditary evils; and the other the second Adam, who is not only man, but also God, by whose payment for us of what He owed not, we are freed from the debts both of our first father and of ourselves. Further, since on account of that one the devil held all who were begotten through his corrupted carnal concupiscence, it is just that on account of this one he should loose all who are regenerated through His immaculate spiritual grace.

CAPUT XVI.

20. Reliquiae mortis et saeculi mala cedunt in bonum electis. Quam convenienter electa mors Christi, ut justificaremur in sanguine ipsius. Ira Dei quae sit. Quamvis enim et ipsa mors carnis de peccato primi hominis originaliter venerit, tamen bonus ejus usus gloriosissimos martyres fecit. Et ideo non solum ipsa, sed omnia saeculi hujus mala, dolores laboresque hominum, quanquam de peccatorum, et maxime de peccati originalis meritis veniant, unde facta est et ipsa vita vinculo mortis obstricta, tamen et remissis peccatis remanere debuerunt, cum quibus homo pro veritate certaret, et unde exerceretur virtus fidelium: ut novus homo per testamentum novum, inter mala hujus saeculi novo saeculo praepararetur, miseriam quam meruit vita ista damnata sapienter tolerans, et quia finietur prudenter gratulans; beatitudinem vero quam liberata vita futura sine fine habitura est, fideliter et patienter exspectans. Diabolus enim a dominatu et a cordibus fidelium foras missus, in quorum damnatione atque infidelitate licet damnatus etiam ipse regnabat, tantum pro conditione mortalitatis hujus adversari sinitur, quantum eis expedire novit, de 1030 quo sacrae Litterae personant per os apostolicum: Fidelis Deus, qui non permittet vos tentari supra id quod potestis; sed faciet cum tentatione etiam exitum, ut possitis sustinere (I Cor. X, 13). Prosunt autem ista mala quae fideles pie perferunt, vel ad emendanda peccata, vel ad exercendam probandamque justitiam, vel ad demonstrandam vitae hujus miseriam, ut illa ubi erit beatitudo vera atque perpetua, et desideretur ardentius, et instantius inquiratur. Sed circa eos ista servantur, de quibus Apostolus dicit: Scimus quoniam diligentibus Deum omnia cooperantur in bonum, iis qui secundum propositum vocati sunt sancti. Quoniam quos ante praescivit, et praedestinavit conformesimaginis Filii sui, ut sit ipse primogenitus in multis fratribus. Quos autem praedestinavit, illos et vocavit; et quos vocavit, illos et justificavit; quos autem justificavit, ipsos et glorificavit. Horum praedestinatorum nemo cum diabolo peribit ; nemo usque ad mortem sub diaboli potestate remanebit. Deinde sequitur quod jam supra commemoravi (Cap. 11): Quid ergo dicemus ad haec? Si Deus pro nobis, quis contra nos? Qui Filio proprio non pepercit, sed pro nobis omnibus tradidit illum; quomodo non et cum illo omnia nobis donavit (Rom. VIII, 28-32).

21. Cur ergo non fieret mors Christi? Imo cur non praetermissis aliis innumerabilibus modis, quibus ad nos liberandos uti posset Omnipotens, ipsa potissimum eligeretur ut fieret; ubi nec de divinitate ejus aliquid imminutum est aut mutatum, et de humanitate suscepta tantum beneficii collatum est hominibus, ut a Dei Filio sempiterno eodemque hominis filio mors temporalis indebita redderetur, qua eos a sempiterna morte debita liberaret? Peccata nostra diabolus tenebat, et per illa nos merito figebat in morte. Dimisit ea ille qui sua non habebat, et ab illo immerito est perductus ad mortem. Tanti valuit sanguis ille, ut neminem Christo indutum in aeterna morte debita detinere debuerit, qui Christum morte indebita vel ad tempus occidit. Commendat ergo charitatem suam Deus in nobis: quoniam cum adhuc peccatores essemus, Christus pro nobis mortuus est. Multo magis justificati nunc in sanguine ipsius, salvi erimus ab ira per ipsum. Justificati, inquit, in sanguine ipsius: justificati plane in eo quod a peccatis omnibus liberati; liberati autem a peccatis omnibus, quoniam pro nobis est Dei Filius, qui nullum habebat, occisus. Salvi ergo erimus ab ira per ipsum: ab ira utique Dei, quae nihil est aliud quam justa vindicta. Non enim sicut hominis, animi perturbatio est ira Dei: sed illius ira est, cui dicit alio loco sancta Scriptura, Tu autem, Domine virtutum, cum tranquillitate judicas (Sap. XII, 18). Si ergo justa divina vindicta tale nomen accepit, etiam reconciliatio Dei quae recte intelligitur , nisi cum talis ira finitur? Nec inimici eramus Deo, nisi quemadmodum justitiae sunt inimica peccata, quibus remis 1031 sis tales inimicitiae finiuntur, et reconciliantur justo quos ipse justificat. Quos tamen etiam inimicos utique dilexit: quandoquidem proprio Filio non pepercit, sed pro nobis omnibus, cum adhuc inimici essemus, tradidit eum. Recte ergo Apostolus secutus adjunxit, Si enim cum inimici essemus, reconciliati sumus Deo per mortem Filii ejus, per quam facta est illa remissio peccatorum; multo magis reconciliati salvi erimus in vita ipsius. In vita salvi, qui per mortem reconciliati. Quis enim dubitet daturum amicis vitam suam, pro quibus inimicis dedit mortem suam? Non solum autem, inquit, sed et gloriamur in Deo per Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum, per quem nunc reconciliationem accepimus. Non solum, ait, salvi erimus, sed et gloriamur: nec in nobis, sed in Deo; nec per nos, sed per Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum, per quem nunc reconciliationem accepimus, secundum ea quae superius disputata sunt. Deinde subjungit Apostolus, Propter hoc sicut per unum hominem peccatum in hunc mundum intravit, et per peccatum mors, et ita in omnes homines mors pertransiit, in quo omnes peccaverunt (Rom. V, 8-12): et caetera, in quibus prolixius de duobus hominibus disputat; uno eodemque primo Adam, per cujus peccatum et mortem tanquam haereditariis malis posteri ejus obligati sumus; altero autem secundo Adam, qui non homo tantum, sed etiam Deus est, quo pro nobis solvente quod non debebat, a debitis et paternis et propriis liberati sumus. Proinde quoniam propter unum illum tenebat diabolus omnes per ejus vitiatam carnalem concupiscentiam generatos, justum est ut propter hunc unum dimittat omnes per ipsius immaculatam gratiam spiritualem regeneratos.