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13.7.1 7. That We Should Not Retaliate Against Those Who Choose to Harm Us; From the Same

“Do we say that one should never intentionally do wrong, or that one should do wrong in some ways but not in others? Or is doing wrong in no way good or noble, as has often been agreed by us in times past? which was also said just now. Or have all our former agreements been poured out in these few days, and have we for a long time, Crito, old men as we are, been seriously conversing with one another, without realizing that we were no different from children? Or is it altogether as we said then, whether the many agree or not, and whether we must suffer things yet more difficult than these, or even gentler ones, that nevertheless doing wrong is in every way both evil and shameful for the one who does it? Do we say so or not? We say so. 13.7.2 Therefore, one must never do wrong. Certainly not. Nor, when wronged, should one do wrong in return, as the many think, since one must never do wrong? It seems not. What then? Should one do evil, Crito, or not? Surely not, Socrates. What then? Is it just to do evil in return for suffering evil, as the many say, or is it not just? Not at all. For to do evil to people is in no way different from doing wrong. You speak well. 13.7.3 Therefore one must neither do wrong in return nor do evil to any man, no matter what one may suffer from them. But see to it, Crito, that in agreeing to this you are not agreeing contrary to your opinion. For I know that this is and will be the opinion of a few. For those, then, who have this opinion and for those who do not, there is no common counsel, but they must despise one another when they see one another's deliberations. Consider very carefully, therefore, whether you share and agree with this, and whether we should begin our deliberation from this point, that it is never right either to do wrong or to do wrong in return, or, when suffering evil, to defend oneself by doing evil in return; or do you stand apart and not share in this principle? For to me it has seemed so both long ago and still now. 13.7.4 But if you have decided in some other way, speak and explain; but if you stand by what has been said before, hear what comes next. But I do stand by it and agree with you; so speak. Then I say what comes next, or rather I ask, whether one must do what one has agreed with someone to be just, or must one deceive? One must do it.” 13.7.5 To these, add “repaying no one evil for evil” and “bless those who curse you; pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father in heaven, who makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust,” and further, “when reviled, we bless; when persecuted, we endure; when slandered, we entreat,” as is contained in our sacred writings. And the prophet among the Hebrews says: “If I have rendered to those who repaid me evil;” and again: “With those who hate peace, I was peaceful.”

13.8.1 8. That One Must Not Set Aside Things Once Rightly Judged, Not Even If Someone Inflicts Death; And It Will Apply to Those Who in Times of Persecution Renounce Piety

“But you then prided yourself that you were not indignant if you had to die, but you chose, as you said, death before exile; but now you are neither ashamed of those words nor do you respect us, the laws, attempting to destroy us; and you are doing what the most worthless slave would do, attempting to run away contrary to the compacts and agreements

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13.7.1 ζʹ. ΟΤΙ ΜΗ ∆ΕΙ ΑΜΥΝΕΣΘΑΙ ΤΟΥΣ Α∆ΙΚΕΙΝ ΗΜΑΣ ΠΡΟΑΙΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ· ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΥ

«Οὐδενὶ τρόπῳ φαμὲν ἑκόντας ἀδικητέον εἶναι, ἢ τινὶ μὲν ἀδικητέον τρόπῳ, τινὶ δὲ οὔ; ἢ οὐδαμῶς τό γε ἀδικεῖν οὔτε καλὸν οὔτε ἀγαθόν, ὡς πολλάκις ἡμῖν καὶ ἐν τῷ ἔμπροσθεν χρόνῳ ὡμολογήθη; ὅπερ καὶ ἄρτι ἐλέγετο. ἢ πᾶσαι ἡμῖν ἐκεῖναι αἱ πρόσθεν ὁμολογίαι ἐν ταῖσδε ταῖς ὀλίγαις ἡμέραις ἐκκεχυμέναι εἰσί, καὶ πάλαι, ὦ Κρίτων, ἄρα τηλικοίδε γέροντες ἄνδρες πρὸς ἀλλήλους σπουδῇ διαλεγόμενοι ἐλάθομεν ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς παίδων οὐδὲν διαφέροντες; ἢ παντὸς μᾶλλον οὕτως ἔχει ὥσπερ τότε ἐλέγετο ἡμῖν, εἴτε φασὶν οἱ πολλοὶ εἴτε μὴ καὶ εἴτε δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἔτι τῶνδε χαλεπώτερα πάσχειν εἴτε καὶ πραότερα, ὅμως τό γε ἀδικεῖν τῷ ἀδικοῦντι καὶ κακὸν καὶ αἰσχρὸν τυγχάνει ὂν παντὶ τρόπῳ; φαμὲν ἢ οὔ; Φαμέν. 13.7.2 Οὐδαμῶς ἄρα δεῖ ἀδικεῖν. Οὐ δῆτα. Οὐδὲ ἀδικούμενον ἄρα ἀνταδικεῖν, ὡς οἱ πολλοὶ οἴονται, ἐπειδή γε οὐδαμῶς δεῖ ἀδικεῖν; Οὐ φαίνεται. Τί δὲ δή; κακουργεῖν δεῖ, ὦ Κρίτων, ἢ οὔ; Οὐ δεῖ δήπου, ὦ Σώκρατες. Τί δέ; ἀντικακουργεῖν κακῶς πάσχοντα, ὡς οἱ πολλοί φασι, δίκαιον, ἢ οὐ δίκαιον; Οὐδαμῶς. Τὸ γάρ που κακὸν ποιεῖν ἀνθρώπους τοῦ ἀδικεῖν οὐδὲν διαφέρει. Καλῶς λέγεις. 13.7.3 Οὔτε ἄρα ἀνταδικεῖν δεῖ οὔτε κακῶς ποιεῖν οὐδένα ἀνθρώπων, οὐδ' ἂν ὁτιοῦν πάσχῃ τις ὑπ' αὐτῶν. ἀλλ' ὅρα, ὦ Κρίτων, ταῦτα καθομολογῶν ὅπως μὴ παρὰ δόξαν ὁμολογῇς. οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι ὀλίγοις τισὶ ταῦτα καὶ δοκεῖ καὶ δόξει. οἷς οὖν οὕτω δέδοκται καὶ οἷς μή, τούτοις οὐκ ἔστι κοινὴ βουλή, ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη τούτους ἀλλήλων καταφρονεῖν, ὁρῶντας τὰ ἀλλήλων βουλεύματα. σκόπει δὴ οὖν καὶ σὺ εὖ μάλα, πότερον κοινωνεῖς καὶ συνδοκεῖ σοι καὶ ἀρχώμεθα ἐντεῦθεν βουλευόμενοι, ὡς οὐδέποτε ὀρθῶς ἔχοντος οὔτε τοῦ ἀδικεῖν οὔτε τοῦ ἀνταδικεῖν οὔτε τοῦ κακῶς πάσχοντα ἀμύνεσθαι ἀντιδρῶντα κακῶς· ἢ ἀφίστασαι καὶ οὐ κοινωνεῖς τῆς ἀρχῆς; ἐμοὶ μὲν γὰρ καὶ πάλαι οὕτω καὶ νῦν ἔτι δο13.7.4 κεῖ. καὶ σοὶ δὲ εἴ πη ἄλλῃ δέδοκται, λέγε καὶ δίδασκε· εἰ δ' ἐμμένεις τοῖς πρόσθεν, τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ἄκουε. Ἀλλ' ἐμμένω τε καὶ συνδοκεῖ μοι· ἀλλὰ λέγε. Λέγω δὴ αὖ τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο, μᾶλλον δ' ἐρωτῶ, πότερον ἃ ἄν τις ὁμολογήσῃ τῳ δίκαια ὄντα ποιητέον, ἢ ἐξαπατητέον; Ποιητέον.» 13.7.5 Τούτοις παράθες τὸ «μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες» καὶ τὸ «εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμᾶς· προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων καὶ διωκόντων ὑμᾶς, ἵνα γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ὅστις τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἀνατέλλει ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους» καὶ ἔτι τὸ «λοιδορούμενοι εὐλογοῦμεν, διωκόμενοι ἀνεχόμεθα, δυσφημούμενοι παρακαλοῦμεν,» ἐν τοῖς παρ' ἡμῖν ἱεροῖς φερόμενα γράμμασι. καὶ ὁ προφήτης δὲ παρ' Ἑβραίοις φησίν· «Εἰ ἀνταπέδωκα τοῖς ἀνταποδιδοῦσί μοι κακά·» καὶ πάλιν· «Μετὰ τῶν μισούντων τὴν εἰρήνην ἤμην εἰρηνικός.»

13.8.1 ηʹ. ΟΤΙ ΜΗ ∆ΕΙ ΤΑ ΑΠΑΞ ΟΡΘΩΣ ΚΡΙΘΕΝΤΑ ΑΘΕΤΕΙΝ ΜΗ∆' ΕΙ ΘΑΝΑΤΟΝ ΤΙΣ ΕΠΑΓΟΙ· ΑΡΜΟΣΕΙ ∆Ε ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΕΝ ΚΑΙΡΟΙΣ ∆ΙΩΓΜΩΝ

ΕΞΟΜΝΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ ΤΗΝ ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑΝ «Σὺ δὲ τότε μὲν ἐκαλλωπίζου ὡς οὐκ ἀγανακτῶν εἰ δέοι τεθνάναι σε, ἀλλὰ ᾑροῦ, ὡς ἔφησθα, πρὸ τῆς φυγῆς θάνατον· νῦν δὲ οὔτε ἐκείνους τοὺς λόγους αἰσχύνῃ οὔτε ἡμῶν τῶν νόμων ἐντρέπῃ, ἐπιχειρῶν ἡμᾶς διαφθεῖραι· πράττεις τε ὅπερ ἂν δοῦλος ὁ φαυλότατος πράξειεν, ἀποδιδράσκειν ἐπιχειρῶν παρὰ τὰς συνθήκας τε καὶ ὁμολογίας