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having used every sort of device, was defeated, and fleeing, he withdrew to his own country, having lost the greater part of his people. In the 14th year, Constantius, having proclaimed his cousin Gallus as Caesar and renamed him Constantius, sent him to the east. In the 15th year, the Jews in the east of Palestine rose up, and killed many of the Hellenic nations and the Samaritans. but they themselves were also destroyed with their whole race by the Romans, and their city, Diocaesarea, was razed. in the same year, the great Athanasius is exiled by Constantius to Britain, and Felix is ordained in his place. and in Milan, a synod of the fathers, having been gathered, is again dissolved without result. In the 18th year, Gallus, having planned a tyranny, kills Domitianus, the prefect of the East, and Magnus, the quaestor, who had reported the plot to Constantius; whom Constantius, having summoned, executes near the island of Thalamona. And he held his brother, Julian, in custody. But Eusebia, the wife of the emperor, having interceded for him, sends him to Athens. and while traveling around Greece, in his desire for the empire he sought out seers and oracle-mongers, to see if he would obtain what he longed for. and so he happens upon an impious man who promised to foretell these things, who, leading him down into one of the idolatrous 1.525 subterranean chambers, called upon the deceiving demons. and when they 1.525 appeared with their usual apparition, fear forced him to place the sign of the cross on his forehead; which when they saw, they immediately became invisible. Therefore, that magician, understanding the cause of their flight, sent word to him, saying, "Not out of fear, as you think, but because they loathed what was done by you, did they depart." Thus having beguiled the captive, he both initiated him and filled him with the abomination; for having washed away the divine baptism with foul blood, the desire for the empire stripped the thrice-wretched man of his piety.

And a short time after gaining control of the empire, the most impious Julian then openly and shamelessly armed himself against piety. And first he defiled the springs in the city and those outside with foul sacrifices, so that each person partaking of the stream might also partake of the abomination. Then he also filled the things set out in the marketplace with the pollution; for bread and meat and fruits and vegetables and all other edible things were sprinkled. Therefore, seeing these things, the Christians groaned and lamented over what was happening, but nevertheless partook, obeying the apostolic law that says, "Eat whatever is sold in the meat market, asking no questions for conscience' sake." This all-defiled Julian, arming the Jews against the Christians, asked them, "Why, when the law commands you to sacrifice, do you not sacrifice?" And when they put forward the temple in Jerusalem and the worship prescribed there 1.526, the God-fighter immediately ordered the temple that had been destroyed by the wrath and will of God to be rebuilt. And hearing this with great joy, they announced to all their kinsmen throughout the world what had been commanded. And they ran together from all directions, contributing money and zeal for the building of the temple; and he sent with them both governors and much service and assistance; for he sent silver spades and mattocks to the anti-God Jews. And when they began to dig, suddenly violent winds blew and scattered everything at once. And they suffered the rest of the terrible things which I will write down in the third year of his reign. And the accursed one, having entered Persia, sends a demon to the west to bring him an answer from there with speed. But he was hindered from his forward journey by a certain monk for ten days. And since the demon was unable to proceed, he returned again to Julian. And he asked the reason for the delay; and the demon answered him, "I was both delayed and remained unsuccessful. For, waiting for

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παντοίας μηχανὰς ποιήσας ἡττήθη, καὶ φεύγων εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν ὑπεχώρησε, τὸ πλεῖστον τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀπολέσας. Τῷ ιδʹ ἔτει Κωνστάντιος τὸν ἀνεψιὸν Γάλλον Καίσαρα ἀναγορεύσας καὶ Κωνστάντιον μετονομάσας ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ ἀπέ στειλεν. Τῷ ιεʹ ἔτει οἱ ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ τῆς Παλαιστίνης Ἰουδαῖοι ἀντῆραν, καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐθνῶν τε καὶ Σαμαρειτῶν ἀνεῖλον. ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ παγγενεὶ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἀνῃρέθησαν, καὶ ἡ πόλις αὐτῶν ∆ιοκαισάρεια ἠφανίσθη. τῷ αὐτῷ ἔτει ὁ μέγας Ἀθανάσιος ὑπὸ Κωνσταντίου κατὰ τὴν Βρεττανίαν ἐξο ρίζεται, καὶ Φῆλιξ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ χειροτονεῖται. ἐν Μεδιολάνοις δὲ σύνοδος τῶν πατέρων συναθροισθεῖσα πάλιν ἄπρακτος δια λύεται. Τῷ ιηʹ ἔτει Γάλλος τυραννίδα μελετήσας κτείνει ∆ομετια νὸν ἔπαρχον τῆς ἑῴας καὶ Μάγνον κοιαίστωρα, τὰ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς Κωνσταντίῳ μηνύσαντα· ὃν μεταπεμψάμενος Κωνστάντιος περὶ Θαλαμῶνα τὴν νῆσον ἀναιρεῖ. τὸν δὲ τούτου ἀδελφὸν Ἰουλιανὸν ἐν φρουρᾷ κατέσχεν. Εὐσεβία δὲ ἡ γαμετὴ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦτον ἐξαιτησαμένη ἐν Ἀθήναις πέμπει. τὴν Ἑλλάδα δὲ περιερχόμενος ἐφέσει τῆς βασιλείας μάντεις ἐπεζήτει καὶ χρησμολόγους, εἰ τεύ ξεται τοῦ ποθουμένου. καὶ δὴ περιτυγχάνει ἀνθρώπῳ δυσσεβεῖ ταῦτα προλέγειν ὑπισχνουμένῳ, ὃς τοῦτον εἴς τινα τῶν εἰδωλικῶν 1.525 καταδύσεων καταγαγὼν τοὺς ἀπατεῶνας ἐκάλεσε δαίμονας. ἐκεί 1.525 νων δὲ μετὰ τῆς συνήθους φαντασίας ἐπιφανέντων, ἠνάγκασε τοῦτον ὁ φόβος ἐπιθεῖναι τῷ μετώπῳ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὸ σημεῖον· ὅπερ ἰδόντες ἀφανεῖς αὐτίκα γεγόνασι. συνεὶς οὖν ὁ γόης ἐκεῖνος τῆς φυγῆς τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπεπέμψατο τούτῳ λέγων "οὐ φοβηθέντες, ὡς σὺ νομίζεις, ἀλλὰ βδελυξάμενοι τὸ παρά σου γενόμενον ἐχώ ρησαν." οὕτω βουκολήσας τὸν αἰχμάλωτον ἐμύησέ τε καὶ τοῦ μύσους ἐνέπλησεν· αἵμασι γὰρ μυσαροῖς ἀπολουσάμενον τὸ θεῖον βάπτισμα, ἡ τῆς βασιλείας ἐπιθυμία τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐγύμνωσε τὸν τρισάθλιον.

Μετὰ μικρὸν δὲ τῆς βασιλείας κρατήσας ὁ ἀσεβέστατος Ἰουλιανὸς προφανῶς λοιπὸν καὶ ἀναιδῶς κατὰ τῆς εὐσεβείας ὡπλίζετο. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν τὰς ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰς ἔξωθεν πηγὰς ταῖς μυσαραῖς θυσίαις ἐμόλυνεν, ὅπως ἕκαστος μεταλαμβάνων τοῦ νάματος μεταλαγχάνῃ καὶ τοῦ μύσους. ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν προκείμενα τοῦ μιάσματος ἐνεπίμπλη· περιερραίνοντο γὰρ καὶ ἄρτοι καὶ κρέα καὶ ὀπῶραι καὶ λάχανα καὶ τἆλλα ὅσα ἐδώδιμα. ταῦτα οὖν ὁρῶντες οἱ Χριστιανοὶ ἔστενον μὲν καὶ ὠλό λυζον ἐπὶ τοῖς γινομένοις, μετελάμβανον δὲ ὅμως, ἀποστολικῷ νόμῳ πειθόμενοι τῷ φάσκοντι "πᾶν τὸ ἐν μακέλλῳ πωλούμενον ἐσθίετε, μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν." οὗτος ὁ παμ μίαρος Ἰουλιανὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους κατὰ Χριστιανῶν ἐξοπλίζων ἤρετο τούτους, διὰ τί θύειν τοῦ νόμου κελεύοντος οὐ θύετε; τῶν δὲ τὸν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ναὸν καὶ τὴν ἐκεῖσε περιγεγραμμένην λα 1.526 τρείαν προβαλλομένων, αὐτίκα προσέταξεν ὁ θεομάχος ἀνεγεῖραι τὸν κατ' ὀργὴν καὶ γνώμην θεοῦ καταλυθέντα ναόν. καὶ τοῦτο μετὰ πολλῆς χαρᾶς ἀκούσαντες ἅπασι τὰ προστεταγμένα τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὁμοφύλοις ἐδήλωσαν. καὶ οἱ μὲν πανταχόθεν συνέτρεχον, χρήματα καὶ προθυμίαν εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ ναοῦ συνεισφέροντες· ὁ δὲ συναπέστειλεν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἄρχοντας καὶ πολ λὴν ὑπηρεσίαν καὶ συνδρομήν· σκαπάνας γὰρ καὶ ἄμας ἀργυρᾶς ἔπεμψε τοῖς ἀντιθέοις Ἰουδαίοις. καὶ ἐπεὶ ὀρύττειν ἤρξαντο, ἐξαπίνης ἄνεμοι βίαιοι πνεύσαντες ἀθρόως ἅπαντα διεσκόρπισαν. καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ πεπόνθασι δεινὰ ἃ ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἀναγράψομαι. Εἰσελθὼν δὲ ὁ κατάρατος ἐν Περσίδι πέμπει δαίμονα πρὸς τὴν δύσιν τοῦ ἐνεγκεῖν αὐτῷ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπόκρισιν διὰ τάχους. ἐκω λύθη δὲ τῆς πρόσω πορείας ὑπό τινος μονάζοντος ἐπὶ ἡμέρας δέκα. καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος ὁ δαίμων προβῆναι πάλιν πρὸς τὸν Ἰουλιανὸν ὑπέστρεψεν. ὁ δὲ τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς βραδύτητος ἠρώτησεν· ἀπε κρίθη δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ δαίμων "καὶ ἐβράδυνα καὶ ἄπρακτος ἔμεινα. ἐκδεχόμενος γὰρ