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Dialogue of a Scholastic with Symeon the New Theologian. (454) 1. Quest. What was in the world before the world came to be? Answ. God, who made the world. 2. Quest. When the world was not yet, how was He in the world? Answ. Because, even before it came to be, the world was in every way in God as if it had come to be,

just as also men not yet brought forth are in the world, as if already born, in the sight of God. For in him all things consist, even those not yet created, though they are not comprehended by us.

3. Quest. If then, as you say, God was in the world before the world was brought into being by him, what happened to God when he brought forth this world? Was he separated from the world? Or is he again in the world?

Answ. In place, God who made these things was not separated from his own works; for where will he who is present everywhere and fills all things with his own divinity be transferred? But in nature and essence and hypostasis and the other (455) properties he is above all created nature; and is immeasurably and incomprehensibly distinct from it.

4. Quest. How, not being distinct in place but, as you say, present everywhere, is he separated from all things?

Answ. The question is hard to understand, but not, however, hard to explain; for with God nothing is impossible; whence he is able also to fully inform you concerning these things. But listen with understanding: just as our human mind is neither contained by walls nor limited by place, but while the body is enclosed in a small house and bound with chains, the mind itself is outside these things and freely goes about everywhere, being neither separated from the body nor getting far from the house, but is, as it were, both with these things while separated and separated while united to them, so also God is everywhere and in all things and outside all things; and is nowhere in nature and essence and glory; for he is uncircumscribable.

5. Quest. How then does the uncircumscribable one fill all things? And he who fills all things, how is he uncircumscribable and nowhere?

Answ. God is therefore confessedly everywhere and fills all things, not at all mixed with visible things but separated in the manner we have described; and he is nowhere in our terms; for no one knows, not even the angels, where God is; for if you hear that they stand by, it is by the throne of glory; and not being strong enough to look at the brightness sent forth, in fear they cover their own faces, and being astounded they ever unceasingly send up the divine hymn; for being struck by the unbearable glory, they are not able to conceive or think where the Master is or what he himself is like; for if they do not have the strength to look upon the dazzling splendor, how then could they meddle further? That God is, and is everywhere, and fills all things, both the angels (456) and the saints who have purified themselves, being illumined and enlightened by the Holy Spirit, know; but where or how or what he is like, no one of all knows, except the Father the Son and the Son the Father and the Holy Spirit the Father and the Son, as co-eternal and consubstantial with them; for these three, being one, both know themselves and are known by one another. As he himself, God by nature and Son of God, said, “no one knows the things of a man except the spirit of the man which dwells in him; so also the things of God

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∆ιάλογος Σχολαστικοῦ πρός Συμεών τόν Νέον Θεολόγον. (454) 1. Ἐρώτ. Τί ἦν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πρό τοῦ τόν κόσμον γενέσθαι; Ἀπάντ. Θεός, ὁ τόν κόσμον ποιήσας. 2. Ἐρώτ. Μήπω ὄντος τοῦ κόσμου, πῶς ἦν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ; Ἀπάντ. Ὅτι, καί πρό τοῦ γενέσθαι, ἐν τῷ Θεῷ πάντως ὡς γεγονώς ἦν ὁ κόσμος

καθό καί οἱ μήπω παραχθέντες ἄνθρωποι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ὡς ἤδη γεγεννημένοι εἰσί παρά τῷ Θεῷ. Συνέστηκε γάρ ἐν αὐτῷ τά πάντα, καί τά μήπω κτισθέντα, εἰ καί μή καταλαμβάνονται παρ᾿ ἡμῶν.

3. Ἐρώτ. Εἰ οὖν, ὡς λέγεις, ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν ὁ Θεός πρό τοῦ τόν κόσμον γενέσθαι παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ, τί γέγονεν ὁ Θεός ὅτε τόν κόσμον τοῦτον παρήγαγεν; Ἆρα διέστη τοῦ κόσμου; Ἤ καί αὖθις ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστίν;

Ἀπαντ. Τόπῳ μέν οὐ διέστη τῶν αὐτοῦ ποιημάτων ὁ ταῦτα ποιήσας Θεός˙ ποῦ γάρ ὁ πανταχοῦ παρών καί τά πάντα τῆς ἰδίας πληρῶν θεότητος μεταστήσεται; Τῇ δέ φύσει καί οὐσίᾳ καί τῇ ὑποστάσει καί τοῖς λοιποῖς (455) ἰδιώμασι πάσης κτιστῆς ὑπέρκειται φύσεως˙ καί ἀμετρήτως καί ἀκαταλήπτως ταύτης διέστηκεν.

4. Ἐρώτ. Πῶς, τόπῳ μή διεστηκώς ἀλλά πανταχοῦ, ὡς λέγεις, παρών, ἀποκεχωρισμένος τῶν πάντων ἐστίν;

Ἀπάντ. ∆υσνόητον μέν τό ἐρώτημα, οὐ μέντοι γε δύσφραστον˙ Θεῷ δέ ἀδυνατεῖ οὐδέν˙ ὅθεν δυνατός ἐστι καί περί τούτων πληροφορῆσαί σε. Ἀλλ᾿ ἄκουε συνετῶς˙ καθάπερ ὁ νοῦς ἡμῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων οὔτε συνέχεται ὑπό τοίχων οὔτε τόπῳ περιορίζεται, ἀλλά τό μέν σῶμα οἰκίσκῳ ἐγκλείεται καί δεσμοῖς περισφίγγεται, αὐτός δ᾿ ἐκτός ἐστι τούτων καί ἐλευθερίως πανταχοῦ περίεισιν, μήτε τοῦ σώματος χωριζόμενος μήτε τῆς οἰκίας μακράν γινόμενος, ἀλλ᾿ οἱονεί καί σύνεστι τούτοις κεχωρισμένος καί κεχώρισται ἡνωμένος αὐτοῖς, οὕτω καί ὁ Θεός πανταχοῦ καί ἐν πᾶσίν ἐστιν καί ἔξω πάντων˙ καί οὐδαμοῦ τῇ φύσει καί τῇ οὐσίᾳ καί τῇ δόξῃ ἐστίν˙ ἀπερίγραπτος γάρ.

5. Ἐρώτ. Ὁ οὖν ἀπερίγραπτος πῶς τά πάντα πληροῖ; Ὁ δέ τά πάντα πληρῶν, πῶς ἀπερίγραπτος καί οὐδαμοῦ ἐστιν;

Ἀπάντ. Ἔστι μέν οὖν ὁμολογουμένως πανταχοῦ ὁ Θεός καί τά πάντα πληροῖ, οὐ συγκεκραμένος δέ ὄλως τοῖς ὁρωμένοις ἀλλά κεχωρισμένος τῷ τρόπῳ ᾧπερ εἰρήκαμεν˙ οὐδαμοῦ δέ ἐστι τό καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς˙ οὐδείς γάρ οἶδεν, οὐδέ οἱ ἄγγελοι, ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ Θεός˙ εἰ γάρ ἀκούεις παρεστάναι, ἀλλά τῷ θρόνῳ τῆς δόξης˙ καί πρός τήν ἐκπεμπομένην λαμπρότητα ἀντιβλέπειν μή ἐξισχύοντες, φόβῳ τά ἑαυτῶν κατακαλύπτουσι πρόσωπα, καί ἐκθαμβούμενοι τόν θεῖον ὕμνον ἀσιγήτως ἀεί ἀναπέμπουσι˙ τῷ γάρ ἀστέκτῳ τῆς δόξης καταπληττόμενοι, οὐδέ ἐν περινοίᾳ γενέσθαι ἤ ἐννοῆσαι δύνανται, ποῦ ὁ δεσπότης ἤ ὁποῖος αὐτός ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν˙ εἰ γάρ πρός τήν ἀπαστράπτουσαν αἴγλην ἀντοφθαλμεῖν οὐκ ἰσχύσουσι, πῶς ἄρα πορρωτέρω περιεργάζεσθαι δύναιντ᾿ ἄν; Ὅτι μέν οὖν ἔστιν ὁ Θεός καί πανταχοῦ ἐστι καί τά πάντα πληροῖ, καί οἱ ἄγγελοι (456) καί οἱ καθάραντες ἑαυτούς ἅγιοι ἐλλαμφθέντες καί φωτισθέντες ὑπό τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἴσασι˙ τό δέ ποῦ ἤ πῶς ἤ ὁποῖός ἐστιν, οὐδείς τῶν ἁπάντων γινώσκει, εἰ μή ὁ Πατήρ τόν Υἱόν καί ὁ Υἱός τόν Πατέρα καί τό Πνεῦμα τό Ἅγιον τόν Πατέρα καί τόν Υἱόν, ὡς συναΐδιον τούτοις καί ὁμοούσιον˙ ταῦτα γάρ τά τρία, ὡς ἕν ὄντα, καί γινώσκουσιν ἑαυτά καί γινώσκονται ὑπ᾿ ἀλλήλων. Ὡς αὐτός εἶπεν ὁ φύσει Θεός καί Υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ, «οὐδείς οἶδε τά τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, εἰ μή τό πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τό οἰκοῦν ἐν αὐτῷ˙ οὕτω καί τά τοῦ Θεοῦ