200

but «a name that has arisen for some at an inopportune time, 5.11.21 «has then resulted in defeat. For not by the names of things, «but by the advantage of the deeds is it proper to be guided. 5.11.22 «For a man's virtue is not shown by his actions «at the beginning, but they reveal it at the end. And they flee «the enemy not who come against them at once with greater prepa»ration, but as many as, wishing to preserve their own bodies «forever, get out of the way. And concerning the capture of this city, 5.11.23 «let no fear arise in any of you. For if the Romans «are well-disposed toward us, they will keep the city safe for the Goths, «and they will have no experience of any constraint, 5.11.24 «since we shall return to them in a short time. And if «there is anything suspicious to them regarding us, they will do less harm «by receiving the enemy into the city. For it is better 5.11.25 «to fight openly against enemies. However, that «nothing of the sort will happen, I shall provide. For we will leave behind «many men and a most prudent commander, who will be sufficient to guard Rome, so that «these things will be well-ordered for us and no harm would come from this «withdrawal of ours.» 5.11.26 Wittigis, then, said these things. And all the Goths, praising him, prepared for the march. And after Wittigis had given much advice to Silverius, the priest of the city, and to the Romans, both those of the senate and the people, and reminded them of the rule of Theoderic, he commanded them all to be well-disposed toward the nation of the Goths, binding them with the most dreadful oaths concerning these things, 5.11.27 and having selected no fewer than four thousand men, and having appointed Leuderis as their commander, a man advanced in age and having a great reputation for intelligence, on the condition that they would guard Rome for them; thus he went with the rest of the army to Ravenna, having with him most of the men of the senate in the capacity of hostages. And when he arrived there, he made Matasuentha, the daughter of Amalasuntha, who was a maiden and already of marriageable age, his wedded wife, not at all with her consent, in order that he might hold his rule more securely by intermarriage into the family of Theoderic. 5.11.28 Then, having gathered all the Goths from all quarters, he organized and arranged them, distributing arms and horses to each according to his worth, but only the Goths who were on garrison duty in Gaul he was not able to summon, for fear of the Franks. 5.11.29 These Franks were anciently called Germans. But in what manner from the beginning and where they lived they set foot in Gaul and became at odds with the Goths, I shall now proceed to tell. 5.12.1 For one sailing into the sea from the ocean and Gades, the land on the left, as was said in the previous account, is named Europe, and the one opposite it was called Libya, which, further on, they call Asia. 5.12.2 Now concerning the parts beyond Libya I am not able to speak with accuracy; for it is for the most part desolate of men, and for this reason the first outflow of the Nile is nowhere known, which they say is borne from there toward Egypt. 5.12.3 But Europe, right from its beginning, is very much like the Peloponnesus and lies next to the sea on either side. And the first land which is about the ocean and the setting sun is named Hispania, as far as the Alps which are in the Pyrenees mountain range. 5.12.4 And the people there have been accustomed to call the passage in a narrow place 'Alps'. The land from there as far as the borders of Liguria was called Gaul. And there also other Alps separate the Gauls and the Ligurians. 5.12.5 Gaul, however, is much broader than Hispania, as is to be expected, since Europe, beginning from a narrow point, proceeds to an ineffable breadth for one always advancing in that direction. 5.12.6 And each of these lands is bordered on the north by the ocean, and on the south it has the sea called Tyrrhenian. 5.12.7 And in Gaul flow other rivers, both the Rhone and the Rhine. Of these two, going in opposite directions to one another, the one empties into the Tyrrhenian Sea, while the Rhine makes its outlet into the ocean. 5.12.8 And there are many lakes there, where the Germans of old dwelt, a barbarian nation, of no great account in the beginning

200

δὲ «ὄνομα οὐκ ἐν τῷ καθήκοντι χρόνῳ τισὶν ἐγγενόμενον, 5.11.21 «εἶτα ἐς ἧτταν ἐχώρησεν. οὐ γὰρ τοῖς τῶν πραγμάτων «ὀνόμασιν, ἀλλὰ τῷ ξυμφόρῳ τῶν ἔργων ἕπεσθαι «ἄξιον. ἀνδρός τε γὰρ ἀρετὴν οὐκ ἀρχόμεναι δηλοῦσιν 5.11.22 «αἱ πράξεις, ἀλλὰ τελευτῶσαι μηνύουσι. φεύγουσι δὲ «τοὺς πολεμίους οὐχ οἳ ἂν μετὰ μείζονος τῆς παρα»σκευῆς αὐτίκα μάλα ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἥκοιεν, ἀλλ' ὅσοι τὰ «σφέτερα αὐτῶν σώματα ἐς ἀεὶ διασώζειν βουλόμενοι «ἐκποδὼν ἵστανται. πόλεώς τε τῆσδε ἁλώσεως πέρι 5.11.23 «μηδενὶ ὑμῶν γινέσθω τι δέος. ἤν τε γὰρ Ῥωμαῖοι «ἡμῖν εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχωσι, τὴν πόλιν ἐν βεβαίῳ Γότθοις «φυλάξουσιν, ἀνάγκης τε πεῖραν οὐδεμιᾶς ἕξουσιν, 5.11.24 «ἐπεὶ ἐν βραχεῖ αὐτοῖς ἐπανήξομεν χρόνῳ. καὶ ἤν «τι ὕποπτον αὐτοῖς ἐς ἡμᾶς ἐστιν, ἐλάσσω βλάψουσι, «τῇ πόλει τοὺς πολεμίους δεξάμενοι. ἄμεινον γὰρ πρὸς 5.11.25 «δυσμενεῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς διαμάχεσθαι. ὅπως μέντοι «μηδέν τι ξυμβήσεται τοιοῦτον, ἐγὼ προνοήσω. ἄνδρας «τε γὰρ πολλοὺς καὶ ἄρχοντα ξυνετώτατον ἀπολεί»ψομεν, οἳ Ῥώμην φυλάξαι ἱκανοὶ ἔσονται, ὥστε καὶ «ταῦτα ἡμῖν ἐν καλῷ κείσεται καὶ οὐδὲν ἂν ἐκ τῆσδε «ἡμῶν τῆς ἀναχωρήσεως γένοιτο βλάβος.» 5.11.26 Οὐίττιγις μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπεν. ἐπαινέσαντες δὲ Γότθοι ἅπαντες παρεσκευάζοντο ἐς τὴν πορείαν. μετὰ δὲ Σιλβερίῳ τε τῷ τῆς πόλεως ἱερεῖ καὶ Ῥωμαίων τοῖς τε ἐκ βουλῆς καὶ τῷ δήμῳ πολλὰ παραινέσας Οὐίττιγις, καὶ τῆς Θευδερίχου ἀρχῆς ὑπομνήσας, ἐνεκελεύετο ἅπασιν ἐς Γότθων τὸ ἔθνος εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχειν, ὅρκοις αὐτοὺς δεινοτάτοις ὑπὲρ τούτων καταλαβὼν, ἄνδρας τε ἀπολέξας οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ τετρακισχιλίους, καὶ αὐτοῖς ἄρχοντα ἐπιστήσας Λεύδεριν, ἡλικίας τε πόρρω ἥκοντα καὶ δόξαν ἐπὶ ξυνέσει πολλὴν ἔχοντα, ἐφ' ᾧ Ῥώμην φυλάξουσι σφίσιν· οὕτω δὴ τῷ ἄλλῳ στρατῷ ἐς Ῥάβενναν ᾔει, τῶν ἐκ βουλῆς πλείστους ἐν ὁμήρων 5.11.27 λόγῳ ξὺν αὑτῷ ἔχων. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀφίκετο, Ματασοῦνθαν τὴν Ἀμαλασούνθης θυγατέρα, παρθένον τε καὶ ὡραίαν ἤδη οὖσαν, γυναῖκα γαμετὴν οὔτι ἐθελούσιον ἐποιήσατο, ὅπως δὴ βεβαιοτέραν τὴν ἀρχὴν 5.11.28 ἕξει τῇ ἐς γένος τὸ Θευδερίχου ἐπιμιξίᾳ. ἔπειτα δὲ ἅπαντας Γότθους πανταχόθεν ἀγείρας διεῖπέ τε καὶ διεκόσμει, ὅπλα τε καὶ ἵππους διανέμων κατὰ λόγον ἑκάστῳ, μόνους δὲ Γότθους, οἳ ἐν Γαλλίαις φυλακὴν εἶχον, δέει τῶν Φράγγων οὐχ οἷός τε ἦν μεταπέμπε5.11.29 σθαι. οἱ δὲ Φράγγοι οὗτοι Γερμανοὶ μὲν τὸ παλαιὸν ὠνομάζοντο. ὅντινα δὲ τρόπον τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὅπη ᾠκημένοι Γαλλίας τε ἐπεβάτευσαν καὶ διάφοροι Γότθοις γεγένηνται, ἐρῶν ἔρχομαι. 5.12.1 Τὴν θάλασσαν ἔκ τε ὠκεανοῦ καὶ Γαδείρων ἐσπλέοντι χώρα μὲν ἡ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν λόγοις ἐρρήθη, Εὐρώπη ὠνόμασται, ἡ δὲ ἀντιπέρας αὐτῇ Λιβύη ἐκλήθη, ἣν δὴ προϊόντες Ἀσίαν 5.12.2 καλοῦσι. Λιβύης μὲν οὖν τὰ ἐπέκεινα ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν· ἔρημος γάρ ἐστιν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἡ πρώτη τοῦ Νείλου ἐκροὴ οὐδαμῆ ἔγνωσται, ὃν δὴ ἐπ' Αἰγύπτου ἐνθένδε φέρε5.12.3 σθαι λέγουσιν. Εὐρώπη δὲ εὐθὺς ἀρχομένη Πελοποννήσῳ βεβαιότατα ἐμφερής ἐστι καὶ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ ἑκατέρωθι κεῖται. καὶ χώρα μὲν ἣ πρώτη ἀμφί τε τὸν ὠκεανὸν καὶ δύοντα ἥλιόν ἐστιν Ἱσπανία ὠνόμασται, ἄχρι ἐς Ἄλπεις τὰς ἐν ὄρει τῷ Πυρηναίῳ 5.12.4 οὔσας. Ἄλπεις δὲ καλεῖν τὴν ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ δίοδον οἱ ταύτῃ ἄνθρωποι νενομίκασι. τὸ δὲ ἐνθένδε μέχρι τῶν Λιγουρίας ὁρίων Γαλλία ἐκλήθη. ἔνθα δὴ καὶ Ἄλπεις ἕτεραι Γάλλους τε καὶ Λιγούρους διορίζουσι. 5.12.5 Γαλλία μέντοι Ἱσπανίας πολλῷ εὐρυτέρα, ὡς τὸ εἰκὸς, ἐστὶν, ἐπεὶ ἐκ στενοῦ ἀρχομένη Εὐρώπη ἐς ἄφατόν τι 5.12.6 εὖρος ἀεὶ προϊόντι κατὰ λόγον χωρεῖ. χώρα δὲ αὕτη ἑκατέρα τὰ μὲν πρὸς βορρᾶν ἄνεμον πρὸς τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ περιβάλλεται, τὰ δὲ πρὸς νότον θάλασσαν τὴν Τυρρη5.12.7 νικὴν καλουμένην ἔχει. ἐν Γάλλοις δὲ ἄλλοι τε ποταμοὶ καὶ Ῥοδανός τε καὶ Ῥῆνος ῥέουσι. τούτοιν τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐναντίαν ἀλλήλοιν ἰόντοιν ἅτερος μὲν ἐκδίδωσιν ἐς τὴν Τυρρηνικὴν θάλασσαν, Ῥῆνος δὲ ἐς τὸν 5.12.8 ὠκεανὸν τὰς ἐκβολὰς ποιεῖται. λίμναι τε ἐνταῦθα πολλαὶ, οὗ δὴ Γερμανοὶ τὸ παλαιὸν ᾤκηντο, βάρβαρον ἔθνος, οὐ πολλοῦ λόγου τὸ κατ' ἀρχὰς