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Thomas Aquinas, Disputed Questions on Truth (De Veritate)
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Boethius, De duabus naturis, VI (PL 64:1349).
Aristotle, De generatione, I, 10 (327b 19).
Aristotle, De anima, III, 4 (429b 20); II, 5 (417b 22).
St. Augustine, Confessiones, X, 10 (PL 32:786).
St. Augustine, De Trinitate, X, 1 (PL 42:971).
St. Augustine, De genesi ad litteram, XII, 16 (PL 34:467).
St. Augustine, De Trinitate, XII, 2 (PL 42:999).
Avicenna, Metaph., III, 8 (82r).
St. Augustine, De genesi ad litteram, XII, 16 (PL 34:467).
Aristotle, De anima, III, 5 (430a 18).
Aristotle, Physica, VII, 3 (247b 12, 17).
Aristotle, Analytica posteriora, I, 18 (81a 38).
Ibid., II, 19 (100a 10).
E.g., Plato, Phaedo, 100D; Speusippus and Xenocrates, whom Aristotle mentions in Metaph., {Z}, 1 (1028b 21 ff.); Plotinus, Enneads, VI, ix, 10; V, v, 1; III, viii, 8; Porphyry, Sententiae, 44. In De unitate intellectus, III (PERR 101), St. Thomas says that Macrobius (Somnium Scipionis, II, 12, 9-10) ascribes this opinion to Plotinus.
Aristotle, Metaph., {A}, 6 (987b 4 ff.); A, 9 (991b 4).
Ibid., A, 6 (987b ff.).
E.g., Avicenna, De anima, V, 6 (26r); Metaph., VII, 2 (96r); Avicebron, Fons vitae, tr. III, c. 23 (132 24); Averroes, In De anima, III, c. 4, tr. 5 (113r-119r). Cf. St. Thomas, De unitate intellectus, III (PERR 96 ff.).
Avicenna, Metaph., IX, 4-5 (105r).
E.g., Plato, Meno, 181A-D; Phaedo, 65A; 91E-92E; Timaeus, 44B; Cicero, Disp. Tuscul., I, 24; Proclus, Elements of Theology, Props. 177 (DDS 156 1) and 194 (DDS 168 30). Cf. S.T. I, 84, 3.
This doctrine has had a long history. Cf. the article, "Metempsycose," by Hedde in DTC, X, 1574 ff. Cicero, Disp. Tuscul., I, 16, says that Pherecydes of Syros was the first to say that souls are eternal. (On Pherecydes, see Freeman, Ancilla to Pre-Socratic Philosophers [Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1948], 13-15). Among the Greeks this opinion was held by Pythagoras (Cf. Diogenes Laertes, VIII, 4-6), Empedocles (Frag. 112, 117, 127 in DL I:354-62), Plato (Gorgias, 525E-526; Phaedo, 92A, 114A; Republic, X, 614E-625A; Timaeus, 42b). On the Greeks, see also Gomperz, Greek Thinkers, (London: John Murray, 1901-5), I, 123 ff. Others who held this opinion were: the Gnostics, cf. Plotinus (Enneads, II, IX, 6); Plotinus (Enneads, I, i, 12); and Origen (Peri Archon, II, viii, 4 (PG 11:224); II, viii, 3 (PG 11:222).
This opinion was condemned in the sixth century at the Second Council of Braga (MA IX:775) and in Liber Justiniani imperatoris adversus Origen, which was approved by Pope Vigilius (MA IX:533).
Plotinus, Enneads, IV, iii, 23; St. Augustine, De genesi ad litteram, XII, 24 (PL 34:475); Alcher of Clairvaux, De spiritu et anima, XI-XII (PL 40:786-88); William of Auvergne, De anima, VII, 6. (Cf. Gilson, "Pourquoi St. Thomas a critique St. Augustin," AHDLM, I (1926-7), 66 ff.).
See n. 14 (above).
Aristotle, De anima, III, 7 (432a 6 ff.).
Plato and Cicero; cf. n. 19 (above).
Aristotle, De anima, III, 4 (429a 14, 429b 23).