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The apostle says that Christ was not pleased with the majority of them, surely because of their lawless action. But if he was not pleased with those who, while under the law, worked lawless things, then he is indignant at such people, as he himself gave the law, and he teaches that the law is his own, given for a time and justly having served until his incarnate coming. For it is fitting for a master of the house at each time to command his own servants the fitting things. And straightway he adds, saying "Now these things became examples for us, that we should not be desirers of evil things, as they also desired. Nor become idolaters, as some of them did"; not passing judgment against all of them. And from where do you know these things, O apostle? He adds, having said "as it is written," "the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play." Therefore then the scripture is true, from which the apostle also takes the refutation against the lawless. Then again, "let us not tempt the Lord." But Marcion, instead of 2.165 "Lord," made it Christ. But Lord and Christ are the same thing, even if it might not seem so to Marcion, the name of Christ having been previously set forth in the saying, "the rock was Christ; and he was not pleased with the majority of them." And going through again the whole subject of the chapter, the holy apostle says, "Now these things happened to them as types, and were written for our instruction." If, therefore, the things that happened to them as types were written for our instruction, he who wrote the events then was concerned for our instruction, for whom he was also making the instruction, that we should not become desirers of evil things. But he who does not wish us to be desirers of evil things then is good and not evil. For in the things in which he exists, in these he exhorts us to be, being the same good and just God, the God of those written before and of those instructed afterwards, being creator of all things and maker and lawgiver and giver of the gospels and guide of the apostles. ˉι 20and20 ˉιˉη 20commentary20. "What then do I say? That a thing sacrificed in a temple is anything, or that a thing sacrificed to an idol is anything? But that the things they sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God." But Marcion added "a thing sacrificed in a temple." ˉι 20and20 ˉιˉη 20refutation20. "What then do I say? That a thing sacrificed to an idol is anything? But that the things they sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God." The apostle did not condemn the ancient time of the fathers up to his own time and as long as Jerusalem has stood, by saying that those sacrificing to idols sacrifice to demons and not to God. He did not therefore condemn those who sacrificed to God, when there was a need for sacrifices. But he condemns those sacrificing to idols, not because of the sacrificing but because of sacrificing to idols instead of God. For they do not sacrifice in order to make for themselves food granted by God for partaking, but sacrificing to demons and out of vanity *. But you, O Marcion, added "a thing sacrificed in a temple," thinking that from the mixing of the two names, of "temple" and of "idol," the relationship of the two ways is joined together. And this is not so. For if, after the coming of the new covenant, sacrifice was being made to Christ specifically and animals were being offered in his name, the falsehood of the slander would have been found plausible by you, as those now 2.166 sacrificing to God are sacrificing to Christ, and those then sacrificing in the temple of Jerusalem and those sacrificing to idols are joined together and sacrificing to demons and not to God. But since no one has sacrificed animals to Christ from Christ's sojourn and the new covenant, your addition is obvious. And if the word naturally stood in the apostle about a thing sacrificed in a temple and a thing sacrificed to an idol, nevertheless it would be judged one and the same by those possessing sound reason, the word being used improperly by the apostle because of the custom of men who always call an idol-shrine a temple. And from every side your false-speaking mind has fallen apart, the truth having been demonstrated, that those sacrificing to idols or, according to their own account, the thing sacrificed in a temple which they were making or are making * working a falsehood

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φάσκει δὲ ὁ ἀπόστολος μὴ ἐν τοῖς πλείστοις τὸν Χριστὸν ηὐδοκηκέναι, πάντως διὰ παράνομον πρᾶξιν τῶν αὐτῶν. εἰ δὲ οὐκ ηὐδόκησεν ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὸν νόμον παράνομα ἐργασαμένοις, ἄρα ἀγανακτεῖ πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους, ὡς αὐτοῦ δεδωκότος τὸν νόμον, καὶ διδάσκει ἑαυτοῦ τὸν νόμον ὑπάρχειν, καιρῷ δοθέντα καὶ δικαίως ἐξυπηρετηθέντα ἄχρι τῆς ἐνσάρκου αὐτοῦ παρουσίας. πρέπον γάρ ἐστιν οἰκοδεσπότῃ καθ' ἕκαστον καιρὸν ἁρμοδίως ἐπιτάσσειν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ οἰκέταις τὰ πρέποντα. εὐθὺς δὲ ἐπιφέρει λέγων «ταῦτα δὲ τύποι ἡμῶν ἐγενήθησαν, πρὸς τὸ μὴ εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἐπιθυμητὰς κακῶν, καθὼς κἀκεῖνοι ἐπεθύμησαν. μηδὲ εἰδωλολάτραι γίνεσθε, καθώς τινες αὐτῶν»· οὐχὶ κατὰ πάντων τὴν ψῆφον διεξιών. καὶ πόθεν οἶδας ταῦτα, ὦ ἀπόστολε; ἐπιφέρει «ὡς γέγραπται» φήσας «ἐκάθισεν ὁ λαὸς φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν καὶ ἀνέστησαν παίζειν». ἄρα γοῦν ἀληθὴς ἡ γραφή, ἐξ ἧς καὶ τὸν ἔλεγχον κατὰ τῶν ἀνόμων ὁ ἀπόστολος λαμβάνει. εἶτα πάλιν «μηδὲ πειράζωμεν τὸν κύριον». ὁ δὲ Μαρκίων ἀντὶ τοῦ 2.165 «κύριον» Χριστὸν ἐποίησε. κύριος δὲ καὶ Χριστὸς ταὐτὸν ὑπάρχει, κἂν μὴ δοκοίη τῷ Μαρκίωνι, προϋποτεταγμένης τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐπωνυμίας ἐν τῷ εἰπεῖν «ἡ πέτρα ἦν ὁ Χριστός· καὶ οὐκ ἐν τοῖς πλείοσιν αὐτῶν ηὐδόκησε». διεξιὼν δὲ πάλιν ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος πᾶσαν τὴν τοῦ κεφαλαίου ὑπόθεσίν φησιν «ταῦτα δὲ τυπικῶς συνέβαινεν ἐκείνοις, ἐγράφη δὲ ἡμῖν εἰς νουθεσίαν». εἰ τοίνυν τὰ τυπικῶς ἐκείνοις συμβεβηκότα ἐγράφη ἡμῖν εἰς νουθεσίαν, ὁ γράψας τὰ γεγονότα τότε εἰς νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν ἐπεμελεῖτο ὧν καὶ τὴν νουθεσίαν ἐποιεῖτο, τὸ μὴ γίνεσθαι ἡμᾶς ἐπιθυμητὰς κακῶν. ὁ δὲ μὴ θέλων κακῶν ἐπιθυμητὰς ἡμᾶς εἶναι ἄρα ἀγαθὸς ὑπάρχει καὶ οὐ κακός. ἐν οἷς γὰρ ὑπάρχει, ἐν τούτοις προτρέπεται ἡμᾶς εἶναι, ὁ αὐτὸς ἀγαθὸς θεὸς ὢν καὶ δίκαιος, ὁ τῶν προγραφέντων θεὸς καὶ τῶν μετέπειτα νουθετουμένων, κτιστὴς ὢν τῶν πάντων καὶ δημιουργὸς καὶ νομοθέτης καὶ δωρητικὸς τῶν εὐαγγελίων καὶ καθοδηγὸς τῶν ἀποστόλων. ˉι 20καὶ20 ˉιˉη 20σχόλιον20. «Τί οὖν φημι; ὅτι ἱερόθυτον τί ἐστιν ἢ εἰδωλόθυτον τί ἐστιν; ἀλλ' ὅτι ἃ θύουσι, δαιμονίοις καὶ οὐ θεῷ». προσέθετο δὲ ὁ Μαρκίων τὸ ἱερόθυτον. ˉι 20καὶ20 ˉιˉη 20ἔλεγχος20. «Τί οὖν φημι; εἰδωλόθυτον τί ἐστιν; ἀλλ' ὅτι ἃ θύουσι, δαιμονίοις θύουσι καὶ οὐ θεῷ». οὐκ ἀπηγόρευσε τὸν παλαιὸν τῶν πατέρων χρόνον ὁ ἀπόστολος ἕως αὐτοῦ καὶ ἕως ἐνέστηκεν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰπεῖν τοὺς εἰς τὰ εἴδωλα θύοντας δαιμονίοις θύειν καὶ οὐ θεῷ. οὐκ ἄρα κατέκρινε τῶν θεῷ θυσάντων, ὅτε χρεία θυσιῶν ἦν. κατακρίνει δὲ τοὺς θύοντας εἰδώλοις, οὐ διὰ τὸ θύειν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ ἀντὶ θεοῦ εἰδώλοις θύειν. οὔτε γὰρ θύουσιν, ἵνα τροφὴν ἑαυτοῖς ἐκ θεοῦ κεχαρισμένην εἰς μετάληψιν ἐργάσωνται, ἀλλὰ δαίμοσι θύοντες καὶ ματαιοφροσύνῃ *. σὺ δέ, ὦ Μαρκίων, προσέθηκας τὸ ἱερόθυτον, νομίσας ἀπὸ τοῦ μεμίχθαι τὰ δύο ὀνόματα, ἱεροῦ τε καὶ εἰδώλου, συνάπτεσθαι τῶν δύο τρόπων τὴν σχέσιν. καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν τοῦτο. εἰ μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τὸ ἐλθεῖν τὴν καινὴν διαθήκην ἐθύετο τῷ Χριστῷ κατ' ἰδίαν καὶ εἰς ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ζῷα ἀνεφέρετο, πιθανὸν ἄν σοι ηὑρίσκετο τὸ τῆς συκοφαντίας ψεῦδος, ὡς τῶν νῦν 2.166 θεῷ θυόντων Χριστῷ θυόντων, τῶν δὲ τότε θυσάντων ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ἱεροσολύμων καὶ τῶν τοῖς εἰδώλοις θυόντων ὁμοῦ συναπτομένων καὶ δαίμοσι θυόντων καὶ οὐχὶ θεῷ. μηδενὸς δὲ θύσαντος ζῷα Χριστῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Χριστοῦ ἐνδημίας καὶ καινῆς διαθήκης, φανερὰ ἡ παρὰ σοὶ προσθήκη. εἰ δὲ καὶ φύσει ἔκειτο ἡ λέξις ἐν τῷ ἀποστόλῳ περὶ ἱεροθύτου καὶ εἰδωλοθύτου, ὅμως ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐκρίνετο παρὰ τοῖς τὸν εὔλογον λογισμὸν κεκτημένοις, καταχρηστικῶς λεγομένης τῆς λέξεως ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀποστόλου διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων συνήθειαν τῶν ἀεὶ τὸ εἴδωλον ἱερὸν καλούντων. Καὶ πανταχόθεν διέπεσέ σου ἡ ψευδήγορος διάνοια, ἀποδειχθείσης τῆς ἀληθείας, ὅτι οἱ θύοντες εἰδώλοις ἤτοι κατὰ τὸν αὐτῶν λόγον ἱερόθυτον ὃ ἐποίουν ἢ ποιοῦσι * ψεῦδος ἐργαζόμενοι