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while he was there. For when Ambrose was sent to settle the disputes of the heretics who were arguing, the people, though he was still a catechumen, requested him, baptized him, and made him bishop of Milan. When Valentinian the emperor heard this, he said, "Thanks to you, O Lord God Almighty and our Savior, because to this man I entrusted bodies, but you have entrusted the souls of men, and in this way you have shown my votes to be just." And since all the West professed the consubstantial Trinity, they petitioned Valentinian, and he convened a synod in Illyricum and ratified the faith of Nicaea. And Valentinian wrote an edict to the bishops in Asia and Phrygia and all those in the East, charging them to abide by the decrees of the synod, having included as his associates in the edict both Valens his brother and Gratian his son. At that time also Gregory the Theologian became head of the church of Constantinople, at the suggestion of Basil and Meletius and the other champions of piety. And if he had not arrived in time and restored the city, it would have been entirely filled with the plague of Arius and Eunomius; for they held all the churches, except that of the holy martyr Anastasia. The bishop of the Arians was Demophilus.

At that time Gregory of Nyssa and Peter, the brothers of Basil, were renowned. And Valentinian reproached Valens his brother as being of false belief, not sending him aid when he asked for it against the Goths, but saying, "It is not right to help a man who fights against God." In the 11th year Valentinian the Great died, having reigned 11 years, in the following manner. The Sauromatae, having been defeated by him, sent envoys to him asking for peace. And when he asked them if all the Sauromatae were such excellent men, and they said that "you have and see here the best of them all," he cried out violently and said, "The Roman empire endures a terrible thing, ending up with Valentinian, if such pitiful Sauromatae rise up against the Romans." And from the strain and the clapping of his hands, a blood vessel burst and much blood gushed forth, and he died in a certain fortress of Gaul. And the Romans proclaimed Valens his brother Augustus, who ruled for 3 years. During his reign the Goths, having crossed the Maeotic Lake with a doe leading them, came into Thrace, and having become two factions, they fought one another. And the one faction, having requested an alliance from Valens, obtained it on the promise of becoming Christians; whence, after being baptized, they became Arians, as Valens also was. After this, therefore, while Valens was staying in Syria, the Scythians crossed over and burst into the city, not keeping the treaties after they were baptized. In the same years the heresy of the Massalians, that is, the Euchites or Enthusiasts, who are also called Bogomils, arose. And Valens, plundering all the churches, came to Caesarea, raging against the great Basil. And he did such things as the great Gregory also mentioned in the funeral oration for the great Basil, when both Galates, the son of Valens, and his wife Domnica were afflicted by a severe illness. In addition to this, when a certain Demosthenes, one of Valens's cooks, in his speech to Valens blamed Basil and made a grammatical error, the teacher said, "Behold, we have also seen an illiterate Demosthenes." In the third year the Goths again went out into the land of the Romans and devastated many provinces, Scythia, Moesia, Thrace, Macedonia, Achaia and all of Greece, more than twenty provinces. And armed men were seen in the air, formed in the clouds. And in Antioch a child was born, complete in its whole parts, but having one eye in the middle of its forehead, four hands and four feet, and a beard. And Libanius the sophist and Iamblichus the teacher of Proclus performed the so-called alectoromancy; for having written

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ἐκεῖσε διάγοντος. καὶ γὰρ τὸν Ἀμβρόσιον ἐπὶ τῷ διαλῦσαι τῶν ἀμφισβητουμένων 1.546 αἱρετικῶν τὰς ἔριδας ἀποσταλέντα, ἔτι κατηχούμενον ὄντα, ἐξαι τησάμενος ὁ λαὸς ἐβάπτισε καὶ ἐπίσκοπον Μεδιολανῶν ἐποίησεν. ὅπερ ἀκούσας Οὐαλεντινιανὸς ὁ βασιλεύς "χάρις σοι" ἔφη, "ὦ δέσποτα θεὲ παντοκράτωρ καὶ σῶτερ ἡμέτερε, ὅτι τῷδε τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἐγὼ μὲν σώματα σὺ δὲ ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων ἐνεχείρισας, καὶ ταύτῃ τὰς ἐμὰς ψήφους δικαίας ἀπέφηνας." τῆς δὲ δύσεως πάσης τριάδα ὁμοούσιον πρεσβευούσης ᾐτήσαντο Οὐαλεντινιανόν, καὶ ἐποίησε σύνοδον ἐν τῷ Ἰλλυρικῷ, καὶ τὴν ἐν Νικαίᾳ πίστιν ἐκύ ρωσεν. ἴδικτον δὲ ἔγραψεν Οὐαλεντινιανὸς τοῖς ἐν Ἀσίᾳ καὶ Φρυγίᾳ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ ἐπισκόποις, ἐμμένειν τοῖς ὡρισμένοις παρὰ τῆς συνόδου παρεγγυώμενος, κοινωνοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ Οὐάλεντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν καὶ Γρατιανὸν τὸν υἱὸν προσλαβόμε νος ἐν τῷ ἰδίκτῳ. τότε καὶ Γρηγόριος ὁ θεολόγος τῆς Κωνσταν τινουπόλεως ἐκκλησίας προέστη, ταῖς Βασιλείου καὶ Μελετίου καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν τῆς εὐσεβείας ὑπερμάχων εἰσηγήσεσι. καὶ εἰ μὴ φθάσας τὴν πόλιν ἀνεκαλέσατο, πᾶσα ἂν τῆς Ἀρείου καὶ Εὐνο μίου λώβης ἐπληρώθη· πάσας γὰρ τὰς ἐκκλησίας αὐτοὶ κατεῖχον, πλὴν τοῦ τῆς ἁγίας μάρτυρος Ἀναστασίας. ἐπίσκοπος δὲ τῶν Ἀρειανῶν ἦν ∆ημόφιλος.

Γρηγόριος δὲ τότε ὁ Νύσσης καὶ Πέ τρος, ἀδελφοὶ Βασιλείου, διέλαμπον. Οὐαλεντινιανὸς δὲ ὠνεί δισε Οὐάλεντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὡς κακόδοξον, μὴ πέμψας αὐτῷ βοή θειαν κατὰ τῶν Γότθων αἰτοῦντι, ἀλλ' εἰπών "οὐ θέμις ἐπαμύ νειν ἀνδρὶ θεομάχῳ." 1.547 Τῷ ιαʹ ἔτει Οὐαλεντινιανὸς ὁ μέγας ἐτελεύτησε, βασιλεύσας ἔτη ιαʹ, τρόπῳ τοιῷδε. οἱ Σαυρομάται ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἡττηθέντες πρέσβεις πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔπεμψαν αἰτοῦντες εἰρήνην. αὐτοῦ δὲ τού τους ἐρωτῶντος εἰ πάντες οἱ Σαυρομάται τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν ἀκρότατοι, καὶ αὐτῶν εἰπόντων ὅτι τοὺς κρείττονας πάντων ὧδε ἔχεις καὶ ὁρᾷς, ἀνακράξας βιαίως ἔφη "δεινὰ Ῥωμαίων ἡ βασιλεία ὑπο μένει εἰς Οὐαλεντινιανὸν λήξασα, εἰ Σαυρομάται τοιοῦτοι ὄντες οἰκτρότατοι Ῥωμαίοις κατεξανίστανται." ἐκ δὲ τῆς τάσεως καὶ τοῦ κρότου τῶν χειρῶν φλεβὸς ῥαγείσης καὶ πλείστου ἀναδοθέντος αἵματος, ἔν τινι φρουρίῳ Γαλλίας θνήσκει. Καὶ ἀναγορεύουσι Ῥωμαῖοι Οὐάλεντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ Αὔγουστον, ὃς ἐκράτησεν ἔτη γʹ. ἐπὶ αὐτοῦ οἱ Γότθοι περά σαντες τὴν Μαιώτιδα λίμνην ἐλάφου ἡγησαμένης αὐτοῖς ἦλθον εἰς τὴν Θρᾴκην, καὶ δύο γεγονότες μέρη ἀλλήλοις ἐμάχοντο. καὶ συμμαχίαν αἰτήσαντες οἱ τοῦ ἑνὸς μέρους παρὰ Οὐάλεντος ἔτυχον ὑποσχέσει τοῦ Χριστιανοὺς γενέσθαι· ὅθεν καὶ βαπτισθέν τες Ἀρειανοὶ ἀποκατέστησαν, καθὼς ἦν καὶ Οὐάλης. μετὰ τοῦτο οὖν ἐν Συρίᾳ τοῦ Οὐάλεντος διατρίβοντος, οἱ Σκύθαι περάσαντες κατὰ τῆς πόλεως εἰσέφρησαν, τὰς σπονδὰς μὴ φυλάξαντες μετὰ τὸ βαπτισθῆναι αὐτούς. τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἔτεσιν ἡ τῶν Μασσαλιανῶν αἵρεσις ἤγουν Εὐχιτῶν ἢ Ἐνθουσιαστῶν, τῶν καὶ Βογομίλων, ἐφύη. Οὐάλης δὲ πάσας τὰς ἐκκλησίας πορθῶν ἧκεν εἰς Καισά ρειαν, κατὰ τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου μαινόμενος. ἔπραξε δὲ οἷα 1.548 καὶ ὁ μέγας Γρηγόριος εἰς τὸν ἐπιτάφιον τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου ἔλεξεν, ὅτε καὶ Γαλάτης υἱὸς Οὐάλεντος καὶ ἡ σύμβιος ∆ομνίκα νόσῳ χαλεπῇ ἐχειμάσθη. πρὸς τούτοις ∆ημοσθένους τινὸς τῶν ὀψοποιῶν Οὐάλεντος ἐν τῇ ὁμιλίᾳ τῇ πρὸς Οὐάλεντα μεμφομένου Βασίλειον καὶ βαρβαρίσαντος, εἰπεῖν τὸν διδάσκαλον "ἰδοὺ ἐθεα σάμεθα καὶ ∆ημοσθένην ἀγράμματον." Τῷ τρίτῳ ἔτει πάλιν ἐξῆλθον οἱ Γότθοι εἰς τὴν Ῥωμαίων γῆν καὶ ἠρήμωσαν πολλὰς ἐπαρχίας, Σκυθίαν Μυσίαν Θρᾴκην Μακεδονίαν Ἀχαΐαν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα, ὑπὲρ τὰς εἴκοσινἐπαρχίας. ἐθεάθησαν δὲ ἐν τῷ ἀέρι ἄνδρες ἔνοπλοι, ἐσχημα τισμένοι ἐν ταῖς νεφέλαις. ἐγεννήθη δὲ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ παιδίον ἐν τελὲς μὲν τὰ ὁλομερῆ, ὀφθαλμὸν δὲ ἔχον ἕνα ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ μετώ που, χεῖρας δὲ τέσσαρας καὶ πόδας τέσσαρας καὶ πώγωνα. Λι βάνιος δὲ ὁ σοφιστὴς καὶ Ἰάμβλιχος ὁ Πρόκλου διδάσκαλος ἐποίη σαν τὴν λεγομένην ἀλεκτορομαντείαν· γράψαντες γὰρ