Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

But it is probable that what is written by Paul in the first Epistle to the Corinthians,514 Cf. 1 Cor. i. 18, etc. as being addressed to Greeks who prided themselves greatly on their Grecian wisdom, has moved some to believe that it was not the object of the Gospel to win wise men. Now, let him who is of this opinion understand that the Gospel, as censuring wicked men, says of them that they are wise not in things which relate to the understanding, and which are unseen and eternal; but that in busying themselves about things of sense alone, and regarding these as all-important, they are wise men of the world: for as there are in existence a multitude of opinions, some of them espousing the cause of matter and bodies,515 τὰ μὲν συναγορεύοντα ὑγῇ καὶ σώμασι. and asserting that everything is corporeal which has a substantial existence,516 τὰ προηγουμένως ὑφεστηκότα. and that besides these nothing else exists, whether it be called invisible or incorporeal, it says also that these constitute the wisdom of the world, which perishes and fades away, and belongs only to this age, while those opinions which raise the soul from things here to the blessedness which is with God, and to His kingdom, and which teach men to despise all sensible and visible things as existing only for a season, and to hasten on to things invisible, and to have regard to those things which are not seen,—these, it says, constitute the wisdom of God. But Paul, as a lover of truth, says of certain wise men among the Greeks, when their statements are true, that “although they knew God, they glorified Him not as God, neither were thankful.”517 Cf. Rom. i. 21. And he bears witness that they knew God, and says, too, that this did not happen to them without divine permission, in these words: “For God showed it unto them;”518 Rom. i. 19. dimly alluding, I think, to those who ascend from things of sense to those of the understanding, when he adds, “For the invisible things of God from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: because that, when they knew God, they glorified Him not as God, neither were thankful.”519 Cf. Rom. i. 20–22.

Ἀλλ' εἰκὸς τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῇ πρὸς Κορινθίους προτέρᾳ τῷ Παύλῳ, ὡς πρὸς Ἕλληνας καὶ μέγα φυσῶντας ἐπὶ τῇ ἑλληνικῇ σοφίᾳ, κεκινηκέναι τινάς, ὡς τοῦ λόγου μὴ βουλομένου σοφούς. Ἀλλ' ἀκουέτω ὁ τὰ τοιαῦτα νομίζων ὅτι, ὥσπερ διαβάλλων ἀνθρώπους φαύλους ὁ λόγος φησὶν αὐτοὺς εἶναι οὐ περὶ τῶν νοητῶν καὶ ἀοράτων καὶ αἰωνίων σοφούς, ἀλλὰ περὶ μόνων τῶν αἰσθητῶν πραγματευσαμένους καὶ ἐν τούτοις τὰ πάντα τιθεμένους εἶναι σοφοὺς τοῦ κόσμου· οὕτως καὶ πολλῶν ὄντων δογμάτων, τὰ μὲν συναγορεύοντα ὕλῃ καὶ σώμασι καὶ πάντα φάσκοντα εἶναι σώματα τὰ προηγουμένως ὑφεστηκότα καὶ μηδὲν παρὰ ταῦτα εἶναι ἄλλο, εἴτε λεγόμενον ἀόρατον εἴτ' ὀνομαζόμενον ἀσώματον, φησὶν εἶναι "σοφίαν τοῦ κόσμου" καταργουμένην καὶ μωραινομένην καὶ σοφίαν τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου· τὰ δὲ μετα τιθέντα τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ τῶν τῇδε πραγμάτων ἐπὶ τὴν παρὰ θεῷ μακαριότητα καὶ τὴν καλουμένην αὐτοῦ βασιλείαν, καὶ διδάσκοντα καταφρονεῖν μὲν ὡς προσκαίρων πάντων τῶν αἰσθητῶν καὶ βλεπομένων σπεύδειν δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ ἀόρατα καὶ σκοπεῖν τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα, ταῦτά φησι "σοφίαν" εἶναι "θεοῦ". Φιλαλήθης δ' ὢν ὁ Παῦλός φησι περί τινων ἐν Ἕλλησι σοφῶν, ἐν οἷς ἀληθεύουσιν, "ὅτι γνόντες τὸν θεὸν οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν". Καὶ μαρτυρεῖ αὐτοῖς ἐγνωκέναι θεόν· λέγει δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' οὐκ ἀθεεὶ αὐτοῖς γεγονέναι ἐν οἷς γράφει τὸ "Ὁ θεὸς γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν", αἰνισσόμενος οἶμαι τοὺς ἀναβαίνοντας ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρατῶν ἐπὶ τὰ νοητά, ὅτε γράφει ὅτι "Τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης, εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους, διότι γνόντες τὸν θεὸν οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ ηὐχαρίσ τησαν".