Letter CCIII.991    Placed in 375.

To the bishops of the sea coast.992    On this letter Newman notes that Eustathius brought about a separation of a portion of the coast of Pontus from the Church of Cæsarea, which for a time caused Basil great despondency, as if he were being left solitary in all Christendom, without communion with other places.  With the advice of the bishops of Cappadocia, he addressed an expostulation with these separatists for not coming to him.  (Ch. of the Fathers, p. 95.)  The portion of the translation of this letter enclosed in brackets is Newman’s.

I have had a strong desire to meet you, but from time to time some hindrance has supervened and prevented my fulfilling my purpose.  I have either been hindered by sickness, and you know well how, from my early manhood to my present old age, this ailment has been my constant companion, brought up with me, and chastising me, by the righteous judgment of God, Who ordains all things in wisdom; or by the cares of the Church, or by struggles with the opponents of the doctrines of truth.  [Up to this day I live in much affliction and grief, having the feeling present before me, that you are wanting to me.  For when God tells me, who took on Him His sojourn in the flesh for the very purpose that, by patterns of duty, He might regulate our life, and might by His own voice announce to us the Gospel of the kingdom,—when He says, ‘By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye love one another,’ and whereas the Lord left His own peace to His disciples as a farewell gift,993    ἑξιτήριον δῶρον.  cf. note on p. 46. when about to complete the dispensation in the flesh, saying, ‘Peace I leave with you, My peace I give you,’ I cannot persuade myself that without love to others, and without, as far as rests with me, peaceableness towards all, I can be called a worthy servant of Jesus Christ.  I have waited a long while for the chance of your love paying us a visit.  For ye are not ignorant that we, being exposed to all, as rocks running out in the sea, sustain the fury of the heretical waves, which, in that they break around us, do not cover the district behind.  I say “we” in order to refer it, not to human power, but to the grace of God, Who, by the weakness of men shows His power, as says the prophet in the person of the Lord, ‘Will ye not fear Me, who have placed the sand as a boundary to the sea?’ for by the weakest and most contemptible of all things, the sand, the Mighty One has bounded the great and full sea.  Since, then, this is our position, it became your love to be frequent in sending true brothers to visit us who labour with the storm, and more frequently letters of love, partly to confirm our courage, partly to correct any mistake of ours.  For we confess that we are liable to numberless mistakes, being men, and living in the flesh.]

2.  But hitherto, very honourable brethren, you have not given me my due; and this for two reasons.  Either you failed to perceive the proper course; or else, under the influence of some of the calumnies spread abroad about me, you did not think me deserving of being visited by you in love.  Now, therefore, I myself take the initiative.  I beg to state that I am perfectly ready to rid myself, in your presence, of the charges urged against me, but only on condition that my revilers are admitted to stand face to face with me before your reverences.  If I am convicted, I shall not deny my error.  You, after the conviction, will receive pardon from the Lord for withdrawing yourselves from the communion of me a sinner.  The successful accusers, too, will have their reward in the publication of my secret wickedness.  If, however, you condemn me before you have the evidence before you, I shall be none the worse, barring the loss I shall sustain of a possession I hold most dear—your love:  while you, for your part, will suffer the same loss in losing me, and will seem to be running counter to the words of the Gospel:  “Doth our law judge any man before it hear him?”994    John vii. 51.  The reviler, moreover, if he adduce no proof of what he says, will be shewn to have got nothing from his wicked language but a bad name for himself.  For what name can be properly applied to the slanderer995    τὸν διαβάλλοντα. except that which he professes to bear by the very conduct of which he is guilty?  Let the reviler, therefore, appear not as slanderer,996    διάβολος. but as accuser; nay, I will not call him accuser, I will rather regard him as a brother, admonishing in love, and producing conviction for my amendment.  And you must not be hearers of calumny, but triers of proof.  Nor must I be left uncured, because my sin is not being made manifest.

[3.  Let not this consideration influence you.  ‘We dwell on the sea, we are exempt from the sufferings of the generality, we need no succour from others; so what is the good to us of foreign communion?’  For the same Lord Who divided the islands from the continent by the sea, bound the island Christians to those of the continent by love.  Nothing, brethren, separates us from each other, but deliberate estrangement.  We have one Lord, one faith, the same hope.  The hands need each other; the feet steady each other.  The eyes possess their clear apprehension from agreement.  We, for our part, confess our own weakness, and we seek your fellow feeling.  For we are assured, that though ye are not present in body, yet by the aid of prayer, ye will do us much benefit in these most critical times.  It is neither decorous before men, nor pleasing to God, that you should make avowals which not even the Gentiles adopt, which know not God.  Even they, as we hear, though the country they live in be sufficient for all things, yet, on account of the uncertainty of the future, make much of alliances with each other, and seek mutual intercourse as being advantageous to them.  Yet we, the sons of fathers who have laid down the law that by brief notes the proofs of communion should be carried about from one end of the earth to the other, and that all should be citizens and familiars with all, now sever ourselves from the whole world, and are neither ashamed at our solitariness, nor shudder that on us is fallen the fearful prophecy of the Lord, ‘Because of lawlessness abounding, the love of the many shall wax cold.’]

4.  Do not, most honourable brethren, do not suffer this.  Rather, by letters of peace and by salutations of love, comfort me for the past.  You have made a wound in my heart by your former neglect.  Soothe its anguish, as it were, by a tender touch.  Whether you wish to come to me, and examine for yourselves into the truth of what you hear of my infirmities, or whether by the addition of more lies my sins are reported to you to be yet more grievous, I must accept even this.  I am ready to welcome you with open hands and to offer myself to the strictest test, only let love preside over the proceedings.  Or if you prefer to indicate any spot in your own district to which I may come and pay you the visit which is due, submitting myself, as far as may be, to examination, for the healing of the past, and the prevention of slander for the future, I accept this.  Although my flesh is weak, yet, as long as I breathe, I am responsible for the due discharge of every duty which may tend to the edification of the Churches of Christ.  Do not, I beseech you, make light of my entreaty.  Do not force me to disclose my distress to others.  Hitherto, brethren, as you are well aware, I have kept my grief to myself, for I blush to speak of your alienation from me to those of our communion who are at a distance.  I shrink at once from paining them and from gratifying those who hate me.  I alone am writing this now; but I send in the name of all the brethren in Cappadocia, who have charged me not to employ any chance messenger, but some one who, in case I should, from my anxiety not to be too prolix, leave out any points of importance, might supply them with the intelligence wherewith God has gifted him.  I refer to my beloved and reverend fellow presbyter Petrus.  Welcome him in love, and send him forth to me in peace, that he may be a messenger to me of good things.

ΤΟΙΣ ΠΑΡΑΛΙΩΤΑΙΣ ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΙΣ

[1] Ἐγένετό μοι πολλὴ ὁρμὴ τῆς συντυχίας ὑμῶν, καὶ ἀεί τι ἐπεγένετο κώλυμα ἐμποδίζον μου τὴν προθυμίαν. Ἢ γὰρ ἡ τοῦ σώματος ἀσθένεια ἐνεπόδισέ μοι (ἣν οὐκ ἀγνοεῖτε πάντως ὅση μοι πάρεστιν ἐκ τῆς πρώτης ἡλικίας μέχρι τοῦ γήρως τούτου, συντραφεῖσά μοι καὶ παιδεύουσά με κατὰ τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν τοῦ πάντα ἐν σοφίᾳ οἰκονομοῦντος Θεοῦ) ἢ αἱ τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν ἐπιμέλειαι ἢ οἱ πρὸς τοὺς ἐπανισταμένους τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας ἀγῶνες. Διὸ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἐν θλίψει πολλῇ καὶ λύπῃ διάγω συνειδὼς ὅτι τὸ καθ' ὑμᾶς ἐλλέλειπταί μοι. Ἐγὼ γὰρ ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ διὰ τοῦτο τὴν διὰ σαρκὸς ἐπιδημίαν καταδεξαμένου, ἵνα καὶ τοῖς ὑποδείγμασι τῶν πρακτέων ῥυθμίσῃ τὸν βίον ἡμῶν καὶ διὰ τῆς ἰδίας φωνῆς ἀναγγείλῃ ἡμῖν τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας, ὅτι: «Ἐν τούτῳ γνώσονται πάντες ὅτι ἐμοὶ μαθηταί ἐστε, ἐὰν ἀγάπην ἔχητε ἐν ἀλλήλοις», καὶ ὅτι ἐξιτήριον δῶρον τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μαθηταῖς, μέλλων συμπληροῦν τὴν ἐν σαρκὶ οἰκονομίαν, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ εἰρήνην ὁ Κύριος κατέλιπεν εἰπών: «Εἰρήνην ἀφίημι ὑμῖν, εἰρήνην τὴν ἐμὴν δίδωμι ὑμῖν», οὐ δύναμαι πεῖσαι ἐμαυτὸν ὅτι ἄνευ τῆς εἰς ἀλλήλους ἀγάπης καὶ ἄνευ τοῦ εἰς ἐμὲ ἥκοντος εἰρηνεύειν πρὸς πάντας δύναμαι ἄξιος κληθῆναι δοῦλος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Πολὺν μὲν γὰρ ἀνέμεινα χρόνον εἴ ποτε καὶ παρὰ τῆς ὑμετέρας ἀγάπης γένηταί τις πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐπίσκεψις. Οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοεῖτε ὅτι δημοσίᾳ προκείμενοι πᾶσιν, ὥσπερ οἱ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ προβεβλημένοι σκόπελοι, ἡμεῖς τὸν θυμὸν τῶν αἱρετικῶν κυμάτων ὑποδεχόμεθα, καὶ περὶ ἡμᾶς ῥηγνύμενοι τὰ κατόπιν ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐπικλύζουσι. Τὸ δὲ ἡμεῖς ὅταν εἴπω, οὐκ εἰς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην ἀναφέρω δύναμιν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριν τοῦ ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὸ δυνατὸν ἑαυτοῦ δεικνύντος, καθά φησιν ὁ προφήτης ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου λέγων: «Ἢ ἐμὲ οὐ φοβηθήσεσθε τὸν τιθέντα ἄμμον ὅριον τῇ θαλάσσῃ;» Τῷ γὰρ ἀσθενεστάτῳ καὶ εὐκαταφρονήτῳ πράγματι, τῇ ψάμμῳ, τὴν μεγάλην καὶ βαρεῖαν θάλασσαν ἐπέδησεν ὁ Δυνατός. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τοιοῦτόν τι ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ καθ' ἡμᾶς, ἀκόλουθον ἦν παρὰ τῆς ὑμετέρας ἀγάπης καὶ τῶν γνησίων τινὰς ἀποστέλλεσθαι συνεχῶς εἰς ἐπίσκεψιν ἡμῶν τῶν καταπονουμένων καὶ γράμματα ἀγαπητικὰ φοιτᾶν πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἐπιτρέψατε, συνεχέστερον, τοῦτο μὲν στηρίζοντα ἡμῶν τὴν προθυμίαν, τοῦτο δὲ καί, εἴ τι σφαλλόμεθα, διορθούμενα. Οὐκ ἀρνούμεθα γὰρ μυρίοις σφάλμασιν ὑποκεῖσθαι ἄνθρωποι ὄντες καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ ζῶντες.

[2] Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τὸν πρὸ τούτου χρόνον ἢ διὰ τὸ μὴ συνιδεῖν τὸ πρέπον παρελίπετε τὰ ὀφειλόμενα ἡμῖν, ἀδελφοὶ τιμιώτατοι, ἢ διὰ τὸ προληφθῆναι παρά τινων εἰς τὰς καθ' ἡμῶν διαβολὰς οὐκ ἐνομίσατε ἡμᾶς ἀξίους εἶναι ἀγαπητικῆς ἐπισκέψεως, ἰδοὺ νῦν καὶ κατάρχομεν τοῦ γράμματος αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰς ἐπιφερομένας ἡμῖν αἰτίας ὁμολογοῦμεν ἑτοίμως ἔχειν ἐφ' ὑμῶν ἀποδύσασθαι, μόνον ἐὰν καταδέχωνται οἱ ὑβρίζοντες ἡμᾶς ἀντιπρόσωποι ἡμῖν ἐπὶ τῆς ὑμετέρας εὐλαβείας καταστῆναι. Ἐλεγχθέντες μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἡμῶν ἐπιγνωσόμεθα καὶ ὑμεῖς μετὰ τοὺς ἐλέγχους συγγνώμην ἕξετε παρὰ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐκ τῆς τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν ἡμῶν κοινωνίας ἑαυτοὺς ὑποστέλλοντες καὶ οἱ ἐλέγξαντες μισθὸν ἕξουσιν ὡς τὴν κεκρυμμένην ἡμῶν κακίαν δημοσιεύσαντες. Ἐὰν δὲ πρὸ τῶν ἐλέγχων καταδικάζητε ἡμᾶς, ἡμεῖς μὲν οὐδὲν ἐσόμεθα ἠδικημένοι ἐκτὸς τοῦ ζημιωθῆναι τὸ πάντων ἡμῖν τιμιώτατον κτῆμα τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἀγάπην, ὑμεῖς δὲ καὶ τοῦτο αὐτὸ πείσεσθε ἡμᾶς οὐκ ἔχοντες καὶ τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ δόξετε μάχεσθαι τῷ εἰπόντι: «Μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ;» Ὅ τε καταχέων ἡμῶν τὰς λοιδορίας τὸν τῶν λεγομένων ἔλεγχον μὴ ἐπάγων, φανήσεται πονηρὰν ἑαυτῷ προσηγορίαν ἐπενεγκὼν ἐκ τῆς ἀτόπου τῶν λόγων χρήσεως. Τὸν γὰρ διαβάλλοντα πῶς ἄλλως προσῆκεν ὀνομάζειν ἢ οὐχὶ ἣν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ πράγματος ἐπιτηδεύει προσηγορίαν αὐτῷ τιθεμένους; Μήτε οὖν ὁ λοιδορῶν ἡμᾶς «διάβολος» ἔστω, ἀλλὰ κατήγορος: μᾶλλον δὲ μηδὲ τὸ τοῦ κατηγόρου δεχέσθω ὄνομα, ἀλλ' ἀδελφὸς ἔστω ἐν ἀγάπῃ νουθετῶν καὶ ἐπὶ διορθώσει ἐπάγων τὸν ἔλεγχον: μήτε ὑμεῖς λοιδοριῶν γένησθε ἀκροαταί, ἀλλ' ἐλέγχων δοκιμασταί, μήτε ἡμεῖς ἀνιάτρευτοι καταλειφθῶμεν μὴ φανερουμένης ἡμῖν τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν.

[3] Μὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ὑμᾶς ὁ λογισμὸς κατεχέτω, ὅτι οἱ τὴν παραλίαν οἰκοῦντες ἔξω ἐσμὲν τοῦ πάθους τῶν πολλῶν καὶ οὐδὲν τῆς παρ' ἑτέρων ἐπικουρίας δεόμεθα: ὥστε τίς ἡμῖν χρεία τῆς πρὸς ἑτέρους κοινωνίας; Ὁ γὰρ Κύριος τὰς μὲν νήσους τῆς ἠπείρου διὰ θαλάσσης διέστησε, τοὺς δὲ νησιώτας τοῖς ἠπειρώταις διὰ τῆς ἀγάπης συνέδησεν. Οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς χωρίζει ἀπ' ἀλλήλων, ἀδελφοί, ἐὰν μὴ τῇ προαιρέσει τὸν χωρισμὸν ὑποστῶμεν. Εἷς ἡμῶν Κύριος, μία πίστις, ἐλπὶς ἡ αὐτή. Εἴτε κεφαλὴν ἑαυτοὺς τῆς καθόλου Ἐκκλησίας λογίζεσθε, οὐ δύναται ἡ κεφαλὴ εἰπεῖν τοῖς ποσί: χρείαν ὑμῶν οὐκ ἔχω. Εἴτε καὶ ἐν ἄλλῃ τάξει τῶν ἐκκλησιαστικῶν μελῶν ἑαυτοὺς τάσσετε, οὐ δύνασθε λέγειν τοῖς ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ σώματι κατατεταγμένοις ἡμῖν τό: χρείαν ὑμῶν οὐκ ἔχομεν. Αἵ τε γὰρ χεῖρες ἀλλήλων δέονται καὶ οἱ πόδες ἀλλήλους στηρίζουσι καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐν τῇ συμφωνίᾳ τὸ ἐναργὲς τῆς καταλήψεως ἔχουσιν. Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ὁμολογοῦμεν τὸ ἑαυτῶν ἀσθενὲς καὶ ἐπιζητοῦμεν τὴν σύμπνοιαν ὑμῶν. Οἴδαμεν γὰρ ὅτι, κἂν μὴ παρῆτε τῷ σώματι, τῇ διὰ τῶν εὐχῶν βοηθείᾳ μέγα παρέξετε ἡμῖν ἐν τοῖς ἀναγκαιοτάτοις καιροῖς ὄφελος. Ὑμᾶς δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν οὔτε παρὰ ἀνθρώποις εὐπρεπὲς οὔτε τῷ Θεῷ εὐάρεστον ταῖς τοιαύταις κεχρῆσθαι φωναῖς αἷς οὐδὲ τὰ ἔθνη κέχρηνται τὰ μὴ εἰδότα τὸν Θεόν. Ἀλλὰ κἀκεῖνα ἀκούομεν, κἂν εἰς πάντα αὐτάρκη τὴν χώραν νέμωνται, τῆς γοῦν τῶν μελλόντων ἕνεκεν ἀδηλίας τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους συμμαχίαν ἀσπάζεσθαι καὶ τὴν ἐπιμιξίαν ὡς ἔχουσάν τι κέρδος μεταδιώκειν. Ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐκείνων ὄντες τῶν πατέρων, οἳ ἐνομοθέτησαν διὰ μικρῶν χαρακτήρων τὰ τῆς ἐπιμιξίας σύμβολα ἀπὸ περάτων τῆς γῆς εἰς πέρατα περιφέρεσθαι καὶ πάντας πᾶσι πολίτας καὶ οἰκείους εἶναι, νῦν ἀποτέμνομεν ἑαυτοὺς τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ οὔτε ἐπαισχυνόμεθα τῇ μονώσει οὔτε ζημίαν φέρειν τὸν διασπασμὸν τῆς ὁμονοίας τιθέμεθα οὔτε φρίσσομεν ὅτι εἰς ἡμᾶς φθάνει ἡ φοβερὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν προφητεία εἰπόντος ὅτι «Διὰ τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν.»

[4] Μή, ἀδελφοὶ τιμιώτατοι, μὴ ἀνάσχησθε τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς παρελθοῦσι παρακαλέσατε ἡμᾶς γράμμασιν εἰρηνικοῖς καὶ ἀγαπητικαῖς προσφωνήσεσιν, οἱονεὶ πραείᾳ τινὶ ἐπαφῇ τὸ τῆς καρδίας ἡμῶν ἕλκος ὃ ἐκ τῆς παρελθούσης ἀμελείας ἐνεποιήσατε ἡμῖν παραμυθούμενοι. Καὶ εἴτε αὐτοὶ βούλεσθε πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀπαντῆσαι καὶ δι' ἑαυτῶν ἐρευνῆσαι τὰ ἀρρωστήματα ἡμῶν, εἰ ὄντως τοιαῦτά ἐστιν οἷα ἀκούετε ἢ ταῖς ἐκ τοῦ ψεύδους προσθήκαις βαρύτερα ὑμῖν ἀπαγγέλλεται τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἡμῶν, γενέσθω καὶ τοῦτο. Ἕτοιμοι ἡμεῖς ὑπτίαις χερσὶ τὴν παρουσίαν ὑμῶν ὑποδέξασθαι καὶ προθεῖναι ἑαυτοὺς εἰς ἀκριβῆ βάσανον: μόνον ἀγάπη προηγείσθω τῶν γινομένων. Εἴτε καὶ βούλεσθε παρ' ἑαυτοῖς ὑποδεῖξαί τινα τόπον ἐν ᾧ γενόμενοι καὶ ὑμῖν τὸ ὀφειλόμενον τῆς ἐπισκέψεως χρέος ἀποπληρώσομεν καὶ ἑαυτῶν τὴν ἐνδεχομένην πεῖραν παρέξομεν, ὥστε καὶ τὰ προλαβόντα ἰάσασθαι καὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ μηδεμίαν διαβολαῖς χώραν καταλιπεῖν, καὶ τοῦτο γενέσθω. Πάντως γάρ, εἰ καὶ ἀσθενῆ περιφέρομεν σάρκα, ἀλλ' ἕως ἀναπνέομεν ὑπεύθυνοί ἐσμεν μηδὲν ἐλλιμπάνειν τῶν εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Μὴ οὖν παραλογίσησθε ἡμῶν τὴν παράκλησιν ταύτην, μὴ εἰς ἀνάγκην ἡμᾶς ἀγάγητε καὶ πρὸς ἄλλους ἐξειπεῖν τὴν ὀδύνην ἡμῶν. Μέχρι γὰρ νῦν, γινώσκετε, ἀδελφοί, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὴν λύπην στέγομεν αἰσχυνόμενοι τοῖς πόρρωθεν ἡμῶν κοινωνικοῖς τὴν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀλλοτρίωσιν ὑμῶν διαγγεῖλαι, ἵνα μὴ κἀκείνους θλίψωμεν καὶ χαρὰν τοῖς μισοῦσιν ἡμᾶς ἐμποιήσωμεν. Ταῦτα μόνος ἐπέστειλα νῦν, γνώμῃ δὲ τῶν ἐν Καππαδοκίᾳ πάντων ἀδελφῶν ἔγραψα, οἳ καὶ παρεκάλεσάν με μὴ τῷ τυχόντι χρήσασθαι διακόνῳ τοῦ γράμματος, ἀλλ' ἀνδρὶ ὃς δυνήσεται διὰ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς ὅσα παρήκαμεν, φοβούμενοι μὴ εἰς πολλὴν ἀμετρίαν τὸν λόγον ἐκβάλωμεν, ταῦτα διὰ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ συνέσεως ἣν ἔχει ἐκ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀναπληρῶσαι. Λέγομεν δὲ τὸν ποθεινότατον ἡμῖν καὶ εὐλαβέστατον ἀδελφὸν Πέτρον τὸν συμπρεσβύτερον, ὃν καὶ δέξασθε ἐν ἀγάπῃ καὶ προπέμψατε πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰρηνικῶς, ἵνα γένηται ἡμῖν ἀγαθῶν ἄγγελος.