205

behaving, but conversing and jesting with them almost as an equal. Hence it came to them to be bold and to stand by him without fear, and more so when the 766 empress departed; for they were restrained in her presence, as she showed a commanding and solemn character and rebuked the disorderly more severely. He was, therefore, of such a character, and these things are indeed good—for how could they not be?—but they are sufficient for the praise of a private citizen, but not, however, for showing a king to be excellent in all things. For the virtues of a king and a private citizen would not be the same; for a private citizen, a moderate character and fairness are sufficient, and not being easily moved to anger and moderation in his way of life. But for a king, in addition to these, also a concern for justice and foresight for his subjects and the observance of the ancient customs of the state. But for him, the alteration of the ancient customs of the state became more of a concern, and to change these was his most earnest task, and he did not treat affairs as common or as public, and he considered himself not a steward of these things, but a master, and he considered and called the palace his own house. And the members of the senatorial council he neither deemed them worthy of the honor they deserved nor did he show them appropriate forethought, but rather he even hastened to humble them. But not even in all things was he 767 observing the virtue of justice; for its particular quality is to distribute to each according to his worth; but he, to his relatives and to some of his attendants, gave the public monies by whole wagonloads and he assigned to them lavish annual allowances, so that they acquired vast wealth and appointed for themselves a service not suitable for private citizens, but for kings, and acquired houses, resembling cities in size, and in luxury in no way unlike palaces; but to the rest of the well-born he did not show a similar disposition, lest I say anything else that is base, out of respect for the man. Therefore, the things that have been said do not permit him to be considered a king, such as exactitude demands; but yet no one would say that the emperor Comnenus was base. But if one were to seek for excessive exactitude in emperors, I do not think that any of those who from of old have mounted the throne of the Romans' rule would be judged to have been esteemed in all things, but the rule of each has been characterized by what is predominant in their characters and actions. For no one would ever seem blameless nor unmixed with a worse disposition; for this belongs to a more divine portion, and would not ever be of human nature. 768 Here let the end of my writing be, and let the course of my history stop, which has been extended to great length for me; for to commit to writing the remaining things has been judged by me to be neither profitable nor opportune. If, then, this work seems profitable to anyone, thanks be to God, by whom every good thing is accomplished; but if it is incomplete, the fault would be ours and let the offspring return to me, its parent, to be for me an ember of memory.

205

προσφερόμενος, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου σχεδὸν ὁμιλῶν τε καὶ χαριεντιζόμενος. ὅθεν κἀκείνοις θαρρεῖν ἐπῄει καὶ οὐ μετὰ δέους αὐτῷ παρεστάναι, καὶ μᾶλλον ὅτ' ἀπῄει ἡ 766 βασίλισσα· ὑπεστέλλοντο γὰρ ἐκείνης παρούσης ἀρχικόν τε καὶ ἐμβριθὲς ἐνδεικνυμένης ἰδίωμα καὶ τοῖς ἀτακτοῦσιν ἐπιτιμώσης σφοδρότερον. Ὁ μὲν οὖν τοιοῦτος ἦν, ταῦτα δὲ καλὰ μὲν καὶ πῶς γὰρ οὔ; ἰδιώτῃ δ' ἀποχρῶντα πρὸς ἔπαινον, οὐ μήν γε καὶ βασιλέα δεικνύντα τὰ πάντα χρηστόν. οὐ γὰρ αἱ αὐταὶ βασιλέως καὶ ἰδιώτου γένοιντ' ἂν ἀρεταί· ἰδιώτῃ μὲν γὰρ ἀπόχρη καὶ μέτριον ἦθος καὶ ἐπιείκεια καὶ τὸ πρὸς θυμὸν οὐκ εὐκίνητον καὶ τὸ σῶφρον τὸ πρὸς τὴν δίαιταν. βασιλεῖ δὲ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ ἡ τῆς δικαιοσύνης φροντὶς καὶ ἡ τῶν ὑπηκόων προμήθεια καὶ ἡ τῶν παλαιῶν ἠθῶν τοῦ πολιτεύματος τήρησις. τῷ δὲ μέλημα μᾶλλον ἡ τῶν ἀρχαίων ἐθῶν γέγονε τῆς πολιτείας ἀλλοίωσις, καὶ τὸ μεταλλάξαι ταῦτα ἔργον ἦν αὐτῷ σπουδαιότατον, καὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν οὐχ ὡς κοινοῖς οὐδ' ὡς δημοσίοις ἐκέχρητο καὶ ἑαυτὸν οὐκ οἰκονόμον ἥγητο τούτων, ἀλλὰ δεσπότην, καὶ οἶκον οἰκεῖον ἐνόμιζε καὶ ὠνόμαζε τὰ βασίλεια. καὶ τοὺς τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς οὔτε τιμῆς ἧς ἐχρῆν ἠξίου οὔτε πρόνοιαν αὐτῶν ἐτίθετο κατὰ τὸ ἀνάλογον, μᾶλλον μέντοι καὶ ἔσπευσε ταπεινῶσαι τούτους. ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐν ἅπασι τὴν 767 τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἦν τηρῶν ἀρετήν· ταύτης γὰρ ἴδιον τὸ τοῦ κατ' ἀξίαν ἑκάστῳ διανεμητικόν· ὁ δὲ τοῖς μὲν συγγενέσι καὶ τῶν θεραπόντων τισὶν ἁμάξαις ὅλαις παρεῖχε τὰ δημόσια χρήματα καὶ χορηγίας ἐκείνοις ἀδρὰς ἐτησίους ἀπένειμεν, ὡς καὶ πλοῦτον περιβαλέσθαι βαθὺν καὶ ὑπηρεσίαν ἑαυτοῖς ἀποτάξαι οὐκ ἰδιώταις, ἀλλὰ βασιλεῦσι κατάλληλον, καὶ οἴκους προσκτήσασθαι, μεγέθει μὲν πόλεσιν ἐοικότας, πολυτελείᾳ δὲ βασιλείων ἀπεοικότας οὐδέν· τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς τῶν εὖ γεγονότων οὐχ ὁμοίαν ἐνεδείκνυτο τὴν προαίρεσιν, ἵνα μή τι ἕτερον φαῦλον ἐρῶ, φειδόμενος τοῦ ἀνδρός. βασιλέα μὲν οὖν, οἷον τὸ ἀκριβὲς ἀπαιτεῖ, οὐκ ἐῶσι τὰ εἰρημένα ἐκεῖνον νομίζεσθαι· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ μέντοι φαῦλον εἴποι τις τὸν Κομνηνὸν αὐτοκράτορα. εἰ δὲ τὴν ἄγαν ἀκρίβειαν ζητοίη τις ἐν τοῖς αὐτοκράτορσιν, οὐκ οἶμαί τινα τῶν ἀνέκαθεν τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἐπιβεβηκότων ἡγεμονίας ἐν πᾶσιν εὐδοκιμηκότα κριθήσεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ πλεονάζοντος ἐν τοῖς ἤθεσι σφῶν καὶ ταῖς πράξεσιν ἑκάστῳ ἡ πολιτεία κεχαρακτήρισται. ἀνέγκλητος γὰρ οὐδεὶς ἄν ποτε δόξαι οὐδ' ἀμιγὴς τῆς χείρονος ἕξεως· θειοτέρας γὰρ τοῦτο μοίρας, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνης εἴη ἄν ποτε φύσεως. 768 Ἐνταῦθά μοι τὸ πέρας ἤτω τῆς συγγραφῆς καὶ ὁ δρόμος στήτω τῆς ἱστορίας, ὅς μοι πρὸς μακρὸν ἐκμεμήκισται· δοῦναι γὰρ γραφῇ καὶ τὰ λείποντα οὔ μοι λυσιτελὲς οὐδ' εὔκαιρον κέκριται. εἰ μὲν οὖν ὀνήσιμόν τισι δόξει τὸ πόνημα, τῷ θεῷ χάρις, ᾧπερ ἅπαν κατορθοῦται καλόν· εἰ δὲ ἀσυντελές, εἴη ἂν ἡμέτερον τὸ αἰτίαμα καὶ ἐπιστρεφέτω πρός με τὸν τεκόντα τὸ ἀποκύημα, ἐσόμενόν μοι μνήμης ἐμπύρευμα.