206

both the coastal people 5.15.4 and those holding the interior submitted. Among these is also Beneventus, which the Romans in ancient times named Maleventus, but now they call it Beneventus, avoiding the evil omen from its former name. For ventus 5.15.5 means wind in the Latin tongue. For in Dalmatia, which lies opposite this country on the mainland across the sea, a certain blast of wind, both harsh and exceedingly savage, is accustomed to sweep down, and whenever it begins to blow, there is no way to find a man still going along the road there, but all shut themselves up at home 5.15.6 and keep watch. For such is the force of the blast that it seizes a horseman with his horse and carries him high in the air, and after whirling him about for a great distance through the region of the air, it then dashes him down wherever it may happen 5.15.7 and kills him. And it happens that Beneventus, since it is opposite Dalmatia, as I have said, and is situated on a high place, receives a certain share of the violence of this 5.15.8 wind. This city Diomedes, the son of Tydeus, once built, after he had been driven out of Argos after the capture of Ilium. And as a token for the city he left the tusks of the Calydonian boar, which his uncle Meleager had happened to receive as prizes of the hunt, and these are there even to my time, a sight well worth seeing, having a circumference of not less than three spans in a crescent 5.15.9 shape. Here they also say that Diomedes met with Aeneas, the son of Anchises, who had come from Ilium, and in accordance with an oracle gave him the statue of Athena, which he had happened to carry off with Odysseus, when they both went as spies to Ilium before it could be captured 5.15.10 by the Hellenes. For they say that when he later fell sick and inquired concerning his illness, the oracle declared that there would never be a release from his trouble for him, 5.15.11 unless he should give this statue to a Trojan man. And where on earth it is, the Romans say they do not know, but they show an image of it carved on a certain stone, which even to my time is in the temple of Fortune, where it lies before the bronze statue of Athena, 5.15.12 which has been set up in the open air toward the east of the temple. And this image on the stone resembles one warring and raising a spear as if for battle; and it has a chiton reaching to the feet 5.15.13 as well. But the face is not like the Hellenic statues of Athena, but like 5.15.14 those the Egyptians made in ancient times. But the Byzantines say that the Emperor Constantine buried and placed this statue in the forum which is named after him. So these matters were about as follows. 5.15.15 And so Belisarius subjugated all of Italy which is inside the Ionian Gulf, as far as Rome and Samnium, while outside the gulf as far as 5.15.16 Liburnia, Constantianus, as has been said, held it. I shall now proceed to tell in what manner the men of this region inhabit Italy. The Adriatic Sea, sending out an arm far into the mainland, makes the Ionian Gulf, not at all like other places where the encroachment of the sea upon the land ends by forming an 5.15.17 isthmus. For the so-called Crisaean Gulf, ending at Lechaeum, where the city of the Corinthians is, at a measure of about forty stades, 5.15.18 makes the isthmus of that country. And the gulf from the Hellespont, which they call Melas, completes the isthmus in the Chersonese at no more than this measure. 5.15.19 But from the city of Ravenna, where the Ionian Gulf ends, to the Tyrrhenian Sea is a journey of not less than eight 5.15.20 days for an unencumbered man. The reason is that the inflow of the sea, as it proceeds, is always borne to the right for a very great distance. Within this gulf the first town inhabited is Dryus, which is now called 5.15.21 Hydrus. To the right of this are the Calabrians and Apulians and Samnites, and next to them the Piceni are settled as far as 5.15.22 the city of Ravenna. On the other side is the remaining part of Calabria and the Bruttii and Lucani, after whom the Campani dwell as far as the city of Tarracina, where the boundaries of Rome succeed them. 5.15.23 These nations hold the shore of either sea and all the inland country there. And this is the

206

προσεχώρησαν οἵ τε παράλιοι 5.15.4 καὶ οἱ τὰ μεσόγεια ἔχοντες. ἐν τοῖς καὶ Βενεβεντός ἐστιν, ἣν πάλαι μὲν Μαλεβεντὸν ὠνόμασαν Ῥωμαῖοι, τανῦν δὲ Βενεβεντὸν καλοῦσι, τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ προτέρου ὀνόματος διαφεύγοντες βλασφημίαν. βέντος γὰρ ἄνε5.15.5 μον τῇ Λατίνων φωνῇ δύναται. ἐν ∆αλματίᾳ γὰρ, ἣ ταύτης καταντικρὺ ἐν τῇ ἀντιπέρας ἠπείρῳ κεῖται, ἀνέμου τι πνεῦμα σκληρόν τε καὶ ὑπερφυῶς ἄγριον ἐπισκήπτειν φιλεῖ, ὅπερ ἐπειδὰν ἐπιπνεῖν ἄρξηται, ὁδῷ ἰόντα ἔτι ἄνθρωπον ἐνταῦθα εὑρεῖν οὐδεμία μηχανή ἐστιν, ἀλλ' οἴκοι ἅπαντες καθείρξαντες ἑαυτοὺς 5.15.6 τηροῦσι. τοιαύτη γάρ τις ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος ῥύμη τυγχάνει οὖσα ὥστε ἄνδρα ἱππέα ξὺν τῷ ἵππῳ ἁρπάσασα μετέωρον φέρει, ἐπὶ πλεῖστόν τε περιαγαγοῦσα τῆς τοῦ ἀέρος χώρας εἶτα ὅπη παρατύχῃ ἀπορρίπτουσα 5.15.7 κτείνει. Βενεβεντὸν δὲ ἅτε καταντικρὺ ∆αλματίας οὖσαν, ὥσπερ μοι εἴρηται, ἐπί τε ὑψηλοῦ τινος χώρου κειμένην μοῖράν τινα φέρεσθαι τῆς τούτου δὴ τοῦ 5.15.8 ἀνέμου δυσκολίας συμβαίνει. ταύτην ∆ιομήδης ποτὲ ὁ Τυδέως ἐδείματο, μετὰ Ἰλίου ἅλωσιν ἐκ τοῦ Ἄργους ἀποκρουσθείς. καὶ γνώρισμα τῇ πόλει τοὺς ὀδόντας συὸς τοῦ Καλυδωνίου ἐλείπετο, οὕς οἱ θεῖος Μελέαγρος ἆθλα τοῦ κυνηγεσίου λαβὼν ἔτυχεν, οἳ καὶ εἰς ἐμὲ ἐνταῦθά εἰσι, θέαμα λόγου πολλοῦ ἰδεῖν ἄξιον, περίμετρον οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ τρισπίθαμον ἐν μηνοειδεῖ 5.15.9 σχήματι ἔχοντες. ἐνταῦθα καὶ ξυγγενέσθαι τὸν ∆ιομήδην Αἰνείᾳ τῷ Ἀγχίσου ἥκοντι ἐξ Ἰλίου φασὶ καὶ κατὰ τὸ λόγιον τὸ τῆς Ἀθήνης ἄγαλμα δοῦναι, ὃ ξὺν τῷ Ὀδυσσεῖ ἀποσυλήσας ἔτυχεν, ὅτε κατασκόπω ἐς τὴν Ἴλιον ἠλθέτην ἄμφω πρότερον ἢ τήνδε ἁλώσιμον 5.15.10 γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἕλλησι. λέγουσι γὰρ αὐτῷ νοσήσαντί τε ὕστερον καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς νόσου πυνθανομένῳ χρῆσαι τὸ μαντεῖον οὔ ποτέ οἱ τοῦ κακοῦ ἀπαλλαγὴν ἔσεσθαι 5.15.11 πλὴν εἰ μὴ ἀνδρὶ Τρωῒ τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦτο διδοίη. καὶ αὐτὸ μὲν ὅπου γῆς ἐστιν, οὔ φασι Ῥωμαῖοι εἰδέναι, εἰκόνα δὲ αὐτοῦ λίθῳ τινὶ ἐγκεκολαμμένην δεικνύουσιν, οὓς δὴ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἐν τῷ τῆς Τύχης ἱερῷ, οὗ δὴ πρὸ τοῦ χαλκοῦ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἀγάλματος κεῖται 5.15.12 ὅπερ αἴθριον ἐς τὰ πρὸς ἕω τοῦ νεὼ ἵδρυται. αὕτη δὲ ἡ ἐν τῷ λίθῳ εἰκὼν πολεμούσῃ τε καὶ τὸ δόρυ ἀνατεινούσῃ ἅτε ἐς ξυμβολὴν ἔοικε· ποδήρη δὲ καὶ 5.15.13 ὣς τὸν χιτῶνα ἔχει. τὸ δὲ πρόσωπον οὐ τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς ἀγάλμασι τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἐμφερές ἐστιν, ἀλλ' οἷα 5.15.14 παντάπασι τὸ παλαιὸν Αἰγύπτιοι ἐποίουν. Βυζάντιοι δέ φασι τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦτο Κωνσταντῖνον βασιλέα ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ, ἣ αὐτοῦ ἐπώνυμός ἐστι, κατορύξαντα θέσθαι. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὧδέ πη ἔσχεν. 5.15.15 Ἰταλίαν δὲ οὕτω ξύμπασαν, ἣ ἐντὸς κόλπου τοῦ Ἰονίου ἐστὶν, ἄχρι ἔς τε Ῥώμην καὶ Σάμνιον Βελισάριος παρεστήσατο, τοῦ δὲ κόλπου ἐκτὸς ἄχρι ἐς 5.15.16 Λιβουρνίαν Κωνσταντιανὸς, ὥσπερ ἐρρήθη, ἔσχεν. ὅντινα δὲ τρόπον Ἰταλίαν οἰκοῦσιν οἱ ταύτῃ ἄνθρωποι ἐρῶν ἔρχομαι. πέλαγος τὸ Ἀδριατικὸν, ἐκροήν τινα πόρρω που τῆς ἠπείρου ἐκβάλλον, ποιεῖται τὸν Ἰόνιον κόλπον, οὐδὲν ὁμοίως τοῖς ἄλλοις χωρίοις, ἔνθα δὴ τελευτῶσα τῆς θαλάσσης ἡ ἐς τὴν ἤπειρον ἀνάβασις 5.15.17 ἰσθμὸν ποιεῖται. ὅ τε γὰρ Κρισαῖος καλούμενος κόλπος, ἀπολήγων ἐς τὸ Λέχαιον, ἵνα δὴ Κορινθίων ἡ πόλις ἐστὶν, ἐν μέτρῳ τεσσαράκοντα σταδίων μάλιστα, 5.15.18 ποιεῖται τὸν ταύτης ἰσθμόν. καὶ ὁ ἀφ' Ἑλλησπόντου κόλπος, ὃν Μέλανα καλοῦσιν, οὐ πλέον, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ μέτρον ἀποτελεῖ τὸν ἐν Χερρονήσῳ ἰσθμόν. 5.15.19 ἐκ δὲ Ῥαβέννης πόλεως, οὗ δὴ τελευτᾷ ὁ Ἰόνιος κόλπος, ἐς θάλασσαν τὴν Τυρρηνικὴν οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ ὀκτὼ 5.15.20 ὁδὸς ἡμερῶν εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρί ἐστιν. αἴτιον δὲ ὅτι προϊοῦσα ἡ τῆς θαλάσσης ἐπιρροὴ ἐν δεξιᾷ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐς ἀεὶ φέρεται. τούτου δὲ τοῦ κόλπου ἐντὸς πόλισμα πρῶτον ὁ ∆ρυοῦς οἰκεῖται, ὅπερ τανῦν Ὑδροῦς κα5.15.21 λεῖται. τούτου ἐν δεξιᾷ μὲν Καλαβροί τε καὶ Ἀπούλιοι καὶ Σαμνῖταί εἰσι, καὶ αὐτῶν ἐχόμενοι Πικηνοὶ ἄχρι 5.15.22 ἐς Ῥάβενναν πόλιν ᾤκηνται. ἐπὶ θάτερα δὲ Καλαβρῶν τε μοῖρα ἡ λειπομένη ἐστὶ καὶ Βρίττιοί τε καὶ Λευκανοὶ, μεθ' οὓς Καμπανοὶ ἄχρι ἐς Ταρακίνην πόλιν οἰκοῦσιν, οὓς δὴ οἱ Ῥώμης ὅροι ἐκδέχονται. 5.15.23 ταῦτα τὰ ἔθνη ἑκατέρας τε θαλάσσης τὴν ἠϊόνα καὶ τὰ ἐκείνῃ μεσόγεα ξύμπαντα ἔχουσιν. αὕτη τέ ἐστιν ἡ