207

was cut down, and the tyranny of the devil was destroyed, and paradise, inaccessible to all, was first opened to a murderer and a thief, and the vaults of heaven were thrown open, and men were mingled with angels, and our nature was led up to the royal throne, and the prison of Hades was useless, and death remained a name only, deprived of its reality, and choirs of martyrs, and women breaking the stings of Hades. Foreseeing all these things, therefore, the prophet leaped and danced, and by one word he showed these things to us, prophesying to us Emmanuel. Butter and honey shall he eat; before he knows or chooses evil, he will choose the good. For before the child knows good or evil, he refuses evil to choose the good. Since the child who was born was neither a mere man, nor God alone, but God in man, the prophet fittingly varies his speech, saying now this, now that, and setting forth paradoxical things, and not allowing the economy to be disbelieved on account of the excessiveness of the miracle. For having said, that a virgin shall conceive, which was above nature, and that he shall be called Emmanuel, which itself was greater than expectation; lest anyone hearing Emmanuel should suffer the errors of Marcion, and fall sick with those of Valentinus, concerning the economy, he explicitly added the clearest proof of the economy, confirming it from the table. For what does he say? Butter and honey shall he eat. This would not be of the divinity, but of our nature. For this reason he did not simply form a man and dwell in him, but he endured conception, and that for nine months, and birth pangs and swaddling clothes, and nourishment from his earliest age, in order to stop the mouths of those who attempt to deny the economy. Therefore the prophet, foreseeing these things from above, 63.830 speaks not only of the birth pangs and the wondrous birth, but also of the nourishment in his earliest age, in his very swaddling clothes, differing in nothing from other men, nor having anything strange in this respect. For not all things about him were different, nor were all things common; for to be born of a woman is common, but to be born of a virgin is greater than our way. But to be nourished again by the common law of nature, and in the same way as the many, is common; but for that temple to be inaccessible to wickedness, and not even to come to the trial of wickedness, this is strange and paradoxical and his alone. For this reason he has set down both that and this; for having said, Butter and honey shall he eat, he added, For before the child knows good or evil, he refuses evil to choose the good. Again with the same words he hints at the same thought, and dwells on the subject. For since what was said was very lofty, he confirms it by the continuity of the narrative. For what he declared above, saying, Before he knows or chooses evil, this he hinted at as he went on, by saying, Before the child knows, and he used an explanation again, saying, good or evil, he refuses evil, to choose the good. For this special quality was his alone. Therefore Paul also turns to this continually. For since he was about to die, lest any of the unbelievers should think that he was paying the penalty for his own sins, he continually brings forward his sinlessness, in order to show that his death was the ransom for our sin. Therefore he also said, Christ being raised from the dead, dies no more. For in that he died, he died to sin. Nor did he die that death as being liable, he says, according to the principle of sin, but for the common transgression of all. If, therefore, he was not liable to the former in this respect, it has been shown superabundantly that he will die no more. But these things have been said as in passing; it is time now to take up again the words of the Gospel; And Joseph, he says, being raised from sleep, did as the angel of the Lord had commanded him, and took to him his wife. See here too the philosophic spirit of the man and his incorruptibility in all things. For neither, when he suspected something unpleasant and strange, did he endure to keep the Virgin, nor when

207

ἐκκέκοπτο, καὶ διαβόλου τυραννὶς κατελύετο, καὶ ὁ πᾶσιν ἄβατος παράδεισος, ἀνδροφόνῳ καὶ λῃστῇ πρῶτον ἠνοίγετο, καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἁψῖδες ἀνεπετάννυντο, καὶ ἀγγέλοις ἄνθρωποι ἀνεμίγνυντο, καὶ πρὸς τὸν βασιλικὸν θρόνον ἡ φύσις ἡ ἡμετέρα ἀνήγετο, καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἄχρηστον ἦν, καὶ ὁ θάνατος ὄνομα λοιπὸν ἔμενεν ὂν, πράγματος ἀπεστερημένον, καὶ μαρτύρων χοροὶ, καὶ γυναῖκες κατακλῶσαι τοῦ ᾅδου τὰ κέντρα. Ταῦτα οὖν πάντα προορῶν ὁ προφήτης, ἐσκίρτα καὶ ἐχόρευε, καὶ δι' ἑνὸς ῥήματος ἡμῖν ταῦτα ἐνεδείκνυτο, προφητεύων ἡμῖν τὸν Ἐμμανουήλ. Βούτυρον καὶ μέλι φάγεται· πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι αὐτὸν ἢ προελέσθαι πονηρὰ, ἐκλέξεται τὸ ἀγαθόν. ∆ιότι πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν, ἀπειθεῖ πονηρίᾳ τοῦ ἐκλέξασθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν. Ἐπειδὴ τὸ τικτόμενον παιδίον οὔτε ἄνθρωπος ἦν ψιλὸς, οὔτε Θεὸς μόνον, ἀλλὰ Θεὸς ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ, εἰκότως καὶ ὁ προφήτης ποικίλλει τὸν λόγον, νῦν μὲν τοῦτο, νῦν δὲ ἐκεῖνο λέγων, καὶ τὰ παράδοξα τιθεὶς, καὶ οὐκ ἀφιεὶς ἀπιστηθῆναι τὴν οἰκονομίαν διὰ τὴν τοῦ θαύματος ὑπερβολήν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι Τέξεται ἡ παρθένος, ὅπερ ἦν ἀνώτερον φύσεως, καὶ ὅτι κληθήσεται Ἐμμανουὴλ, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ μεῖζον προσδοκίας ἦν· ἵνα μή τις τὸν Ἐμμανουὴλ ἀκούσας, τὰ Μαρκίωνος πάθῃ, καὶ νοσήσῃ τὰ Οὐαλεντίνου, διὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν, διαῤῥήδην ἐπήγαγε καὶ τῆς οἰκονομίας τὴν σαφεστάτην ἀπόδειξιν, ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης αὐτὴν πιστούμενος. Τί γάρ φησι; Βούτυρον καὶ μέλι φάγεται. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἂν εἴη θεότητος, ἀλλὰ τῆς φύσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας. ∆ιὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο οὐδὲ ἄνθρωπον ἁπλῶς πλάσας ἐνῴκησεν ἐν αὐτῷ, ἀλλὰ καὶ κυήσεως ἠνέσχετο, καὶ ταύτης ἐννεαμηνιαίου, καὶ ὠδίνων καὶ σπαργάνων, καὶ τῆς ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας τροφῆς, ἵνα διὰ πάντων ἐμφράξῃ τὰ στόματα τῶν ἀρνεῖσθαι τὴν οἰκονομίαν ἐπιχειρούντων. Ταῦτα οὖν ἄνωθεν προορῶν ὁ 63.830 προφήτης, οὐχὶ τὰς ὠδῖνας λέγει καὶ τὸν θαυμαστὸν τόκον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἐν πρώτῃ ἡλικίᾳ τροφὴν, τὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς σπαργάνοις, οὐδὲν τῶν λοιπῶν ἐξαλλάττουσαν ἀνθρώπων, οὐδέ τι ξένον κατὰ τοῦτο ἔχουσαν. Οὔτε γὰρ ἅπαντα ἐξηλλαγμένα ἦν αὐτῷ, οὔτε πάντα κοινά· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ γυναικὸς τεχθῆναι, κοινόν· τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ παρθένου, μεῖζον ἢ καθ' ἡμᾶς. Τὸ δὲ τραφῆναι πάλιν τῷ κοινῷ τῆς φύσεως νόμῳ, καὶ τῷ αὐτῷ τοῖς πολλοῖς, κοινόν· τὸ δὲ ἄβατον γενέσθαι πονηρίᾳ τὸν ναὸν ἐκεῖνον, καὶ μηδὲ εἰς πεῖραν ἐλθεῖν πονηρίας, τοῦτο ξένον καὶ παράδοξον καὶ αὐτοῦ μόνου. ∆ιὸ δὴ κἀκεῖνο καὶ τοῦτο τέθεικεν· εἰπὼν γὰρ, Βούτυρον καὶ μέλι φάγεται, ἐπήγαγε· ∆ιότι πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν, ἀπειθεῖ πονηρίᾳ τοῦ ἐκλέξασθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν. Πάλιν ταῖς αὐταῖς λέξεσι τὸ αὐτὸ νόημα αἰνίττεται, καὶ ἐνδιατρίβει τῷ λόγῳ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ σφόδρα ἦν ὑψηλὸν τὸ εἰρημένον, τῇ συνεχείᾳ τῆς διηγήσεως αὐτὸ πιστοῦται. Ὅπερ γὰρ ἀνωτέρω ἐδήλωσεν εἰπὼν, Πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι αὐτὸν ἢ προελέσθαι πονηρὰ, τοῦτο προϊὼν ᾐνίξατο, τῷ εἰπεῖν· Πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον, καὶ ἐπεξηγήσει κέχρηται πάλιν λέγων, Ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν, ἀπειθεῖ πονηρίᾳ, τοῦ ἐκλέξασθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν. Τούτου γὰρ αὐτοῦ μόνον ἦν τὸ ἐξαίρετον. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος αὐτὸ στρέφει συνεχῶς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἀποθνήσκειν, ἵνα μή τις νομίσῃ τῶν ἀπίστων, ὅτι οἰκείας ἁμαρτίας τίνει δίκην, συνεχῶς αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀναμάρτητον εἰς μέσον ἄγει, ἵνα τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἁμαρτίας λυτήριον ὄντα δείξῃ. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἔλεγε· Χριστὸς ἐγερθεὶς ἐκ νεκρῶν, οὐκέτι ἀποθνήσκει. Καὶ γὰρ ὃ ἀπέθανε, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν. Οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνον τὸν θάνατον ὡς ὑπεύθυνος ὢν, φησὶ, κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἁμαρτίας λόγον ἀπέθανεν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τῆς κοινῆς ἁπάντων πλημμελείας. Εἰ τοίνυν τῷ προτέρῳ κατὰ τοῦτο ὑπεύθυνος οὐκ ἦν, ἐκ περιουσίας ἀποδέδεικται, ὅτι οὐκέτι ἀποθανεῖται. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ὡς ἐν παρόδῳ εἴρηται· ὥρα δὲ πάλιν, τῶν τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου ἅψασθαι ῥημάτων· Καὶ ἐγερθεὶς, φησὶν, ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου, ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος Κυρίου, καὶ παρέλαβε τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ. Ὅρα καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ φιλόσοφον τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν ἀδέκαστον. Οὔτε γὰρ, ἡνίκα ὑπώπτευεν ἀηδές τι καὶ ἄτοπον, κατασχεῖν ἠνέσχετο τὴν Παρθένον, οὔτε ἐπειδὴ